This document discusses crop patterns in India. It provides an overview of different types of cropping patterns including monocropping, crop rotation, sequential cropping, and intercropping. It then discusses dominant crops in India and cropping systems used in irrigated ecosystems. State-wise cropping patterns and the economic factors influencing crop selection are also examined. The document analyzes crop patterns across India and the importance of agriculture to the population.

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A REPORT ON
‘’COMPARISON ON CROP PATTERNS IN THE STATES OF INDIA’’
Submitted to
INDUKAKA IPCOWALA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (I2IM)
CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(CHARUSAT)
CHANGA
Prepared by
NEEL PATEL
(15BBA039)
B.B.A 2ND YEAR
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Pranav Desai
CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(CHARUSAT)
AT& PO : CHANGA-388421 TA: PETLAD, DIST: ANAND, GUJARAT

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INDEX
Sr. no. Title Page no.
1 Introduction 3
2 AboutCropping Patterns& Cropping Systems 4
3 Typesof Cropping Patterns 5
4 Cropping system of Irrigated Ecosystems 6
5 State –wise cropping pattern 7
6 Economicalscenario in crop patterns 8

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INTRODUCTION
Cropping systems has been one of main features of
Indian agricultures and it is attributed to rainfed
agriculture and prevailing socio-economic situations of
farming community. It has been estimated more than
250 double cropping systems throughout the country
and based on rationale of spread of crops in each district
in the country.
Cropping systems of a region are decided by and large,
by number of soils and climatic parameters which
determine overall agro-ecological setting for
nourishment and appropriateness of a crop or set of
crops for cultivation. Potential productivity and
monetary benefits act as guiding principles while opting
for a particular cropping systems.
Multiplicity of cropping systems has been one of the
main features of Indian agricultures.
More than 70% of India’s population lives in rural areas
where the main occupation is agriculture. Indian
agriculture is characterized by small farm holdings.
Crop substitution and shift are also taking place in the
areas with distinct soil problems.

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About Cropping Patterns & Cropping Systems
A cropping system is the sum total of all crops and the practices used to
grow those crops on afield or farm.
Types of Cropping Patterns
1.Monocropping
When only one crop is grown season after season; it’s called
Monocropping. The key disadvantage of Monocropping is that it
would reduce soil fertility and damage the soil structure. Due to
poor soil nutrients, the cultivator is needed to use chemical
fertilizers toencourage production. The chemical fertilizers would
disrupt the natural makeup of the soil and further aggravate the
problem.
2.Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is considered to be a key principle of conservation
agriculture for, it improves the soil structure and fertility. It also
helps to control weeds, pests and diseases.
In crop rotation, crops are changed from year to year
according to a planned sequence.
3.Sequential Cropping
Sequential cropping refers to growing of two or more
crops in sequence on the same piece of land in a farming
year. Examples of double cropping are Rice-Potato; Rice-

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mustard; Examples of tripple sequential cropping includes
Rice-Potato-Groundnut.
4.Intercropping
Intercropping refers to growing of two or more crops in
same field at the same time. Intercropping is different
from crop rotation because two or more crops are grown
one after other.

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Cropping system of irrigated Ecosystems
Depending upon the natural water resources, each region has certain
area under irrigated agriculture. But, broadly considering, two
distinct irrigated ecosystems emerge.
The principal crops having sizeable percentage of area under
irrigation in the country are; sugar cane (87.9%), wheat (84.3%), barley
(60.8%), and rapeseed and mustard (57.5%), rice (46.8%), tobacco(41.2%),
cotton (33.2%), chickpea (21.9%), maize (21.8%) and groundnut (19.2%).
Among the states, Punjab ranks first with 94.6 per cent cropped area
under irrigation followed by Haryana (76.4%) and Uttar Pradesh
(62.3%).

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State wise cropping patterns
The statistics related to state-wise agro-ecosystems cropping pattern for
1998-99and cropping pattern according to land utilization are given in
the following Table :

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Economical scenario in crop patterns
India has made tremendous progress in the agricultural sector over the
last 50 years. From hand to mouth conditions in the early sixties, we
have not only become self reliant in food grains but have acquired
sufficient resilience to tide over the adverse conditions.

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Economic factors play a relatively stronger role in influencing the crop
pattern in areas with a better irrigation and infrastructure potential.
As a result, the productivity levels of many major crops in India do not
compare very favorably with the yield obtained in agriculturally
advanced countries.
Efficient and effective management of agriculture will be crucial in the
years to come for acquiring enduring self-reliance and ensuring
sustainable growth with an emphasis on consideration of equity.
It is hoped that 45-50 percent of the population will be dependent on
agriculture by that time.
In spite of the impressive achievements, the Indian agriculturalsector
continues to face poor infrastructure conditions.
Less than 36 per cent of the cultivated land is under any assured
irrigation system.