Indian Energy Scenario

2. ▪ Energy Conservation and Management (2181916)
▪ Active Learning Assignment
▪ “Topics: Indian Energy Scenario”
▪ Guided By:
▪ Prof. Sajan Chourasia
Prepared by:-
1. Sonal Upadhyay - Mechanical (SEM-8)

3. Energy in
India describes energy and electricity production,
consumption and import in India. Energy policy of
India describes the policies and strategies of India for
achieving sustainable energy security to its people.
The Ministry of Power is an Indian government ministry.
The current Union Minister of State (Independent charge)
is Piyush Goyal. The ministry is charged with
overseeing electricity production and infrastructure
development, including generation, transmission, and
delivery, as well as maintenance projects. India faces
challenges in electrical supply and delivery, and is often
unable to meet demand, even in very large cities.
The ministry acts as a liaison between the central
government and state electricity operations, as well as
with the private sector. The ministry also oversees rural
electrification projects.

4. Renewablesources
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass
Hydro energy
Nuclear Energy
Non-Renewablesources
Coal
Crude Oil
Natural Gas

5. Current Energy Mix
Coal Renewables Hydro Nuclear Diesel Gas

7. COAL
• Coal deposits are mainly confined to eastern and south central parts of the
country. The states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya
Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra account for 99.08% of the total coal
reserves in the country. The State of Jharkhand had the maximum share
(26.44%) in the overall reserves of coal in the country as on 31st March 2015
followed by the State of Odisha (24.72%) (Table 1.1). As on 31.03.15, the
estimated reserve of coal was 306.60 billion tonnes, an addition of 5.04
billion over the last year (Table 1.1). There has been an increase of 1.67% in
the estimated coal reserves during the year 2014-15 with Chattisgarh
accounting for maximum increase of 4.53%.
• However, the coal consumption will increase as India tries to meet its energy
requirements and thus the reserves will last for fewer years. If domestic coal
production continues to increase at a rate of 5% the extractable reserve will
run out in around 45 years. Further, the coal deposits in India are
concentrated in the Eastern regions. The setting up of a coal fired power
plant in Western or North-west India, entails transporting coal over distances
exceeding 1000 Km. and at such distances the economics of coal power
become unfavorable.

9. PETROLEUM/OIL
• India has total reserves (proved and indicated) of 1201
million metric tonnes of crude oil. Crude oil production
during 2009-10 at 33.69 million metric tonnes was 0.55%
higher than the 33.51 million metric tonnes produced during
2008-09. The consumption of petroleum products during
2009-10 was 138.196 million metric tonnes (including sales
through private imports) which is 3.60% higher than the sales
of 133.400 million metric tonnes during 2008-09
• Due to rapid growth of [the number of automobiles the
demand for petroleum products will witness a growth in
demand and it is expected to rise to more than 240 million
metric tonnes by 2021-22 which will further increase to
around 465 million metric tonnes by 2031-32 considering a
high output growth.

11. NATURAL GAS
The cost of power obtained by using natural gas varies from INR 2.90 to INR 4.60 per KWh
and power obtained through natural gas is mainly used as peaking power. Besides this India
has around 0.5 million vehicles running on auto gas and per vehicle consumption is 451 Kg
per annum compared to the world average of 1428 kg per annum
The estimated reserves of natural gas in India as on
31.03.2015 stood at 1488.49 billion cubic meters.
Vision 2020 has estimated the demand for gas to be
between 65 and 71 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) for the
year 2020. IRADe-PWC has projected demand of
natural gas and natural gas equivalent of Naphtha at
243 BCM under the business-as usual scenario and
405.7 BCM under a High Output Growth scenario for
the year 2030.

12. NATURAL GAS

13. NATURAL GAS

16. NUCLEAR ENERGY
• Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India
after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity.
As of 2016, India has 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear
power plants, having an installed capacity of 6780 MW and
producing a total of 30,292.91 GWh of electricity while 6 more
reactors are under construction and are expected to generate an
additional 4,300 MW.
• India aims to supply 25% of electricity from nuclear power by
2050.
• The work of generating and maintaining nuclear power plant lies
with “Nuclear Power Corporation India Limited” and it plans to
build five nuclear power parks each with a capacity of eight
nuclear reactors of 1000 MW. The nuclear power parks are
planned at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu, Jaitpur in Maharashtra,
Mithi Virdi in Gujarat, Haripur in West Bengal and Kovvada in
Andhra Pradesh.

17. NUCLEAR ENERGY

19. HYDRO POWER
• India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the
world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of
31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity
was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation
capacity. Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a
cumulative capacity of 4,274 MW have been installed. India's
hydroelectric power potential is estimated at 84,000 MW at 60%
load factor. In 2014 and 2015 the total amount of hydroelectric
power generated in India was 129 TWh (129,000,000 megawatt
hours).
• The hydro-electric power plants at Darjeeling and
Shivanasamudram were established in 1898 and 1902,
respectively. They were among the first in Asia and India has been
a dominant player in global hydroelectric power development.
India also imports surplus hydroelectric power from Bhutan.

21. SOLAR POWER
• Solar power in India is a fast-growing industry and as of 31 December 2016,
the country's solar grid had a cumulative capacity of 9,012.66 megawatts
(MW) or 9.01 gigawatts (GW). In January 2015, the Indian government
expanded its solar plans, targeting US$100 billion of investment and 100
GW of solar capacity, including 40 GW's directly from rooftop solar, by 2022.
The rapid growth in deployment of solar power is recorded and updated
monthly on the Indian Government's Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy website.
• In January 2016, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, and the
President of France, Mr. François Hollande laid the foundation stone for the
headquarters of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in Gwalpahari,
Gurgaon. The ISA will focus on promoting and developing solar energy and
solar products for countries lying wholly or partially between the Tropic of
Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The alliance of over 120 countries was
announced at the Paris COP21 climate summit.
• On 16 May 2011, India’s first solar power project (with a capacity of 5 MW)
was registered under the Clean Development Mechanism. The project is in
Sivagangai Village, Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu.

22. SOLAR POWER

24. WIND POWER
• The wind power program is the fastest growing
renewable energy program [in India] and is almost
entirely coming through private sector investments.
India has a potential of around 48,500 MW. With a
capacity addition of 12,800 MW, it contributes to
around 75% of the grid-connected renewable energy
power installed capacity.
• The major wind power capacity is in the states of
Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and
Rajasthan. Wind electric generators of unit sizes
between 225 kW and 2.10 MW have been deployed
across the country

25. WIND FARMS IN INDIA

27. The usage of energy resources in industry leads
to environmental damages by polluting the
atmosphere. Few of examples of air pollution
are sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxide (NOX)
and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from
boilers and furnaces, chloro-fluro carbons (CFC)
emissions from refrigerants use, etc. In
chemical and fertilizers industries, toxic gases
are released. Cement plants and power plants
spew out particulate matter.
Human activities, particularly the combustion
of fossil fuels, have made the blanket of
greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon
dioxide, methane, ozone etc.) around the earth
thicker. The resulting increase in global
temperature is altering the complex web of
systems that allow life to thrive on earth such
as rainfall, wind patterns, ocean currents and
distribution of plant and animal species.

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