The document discusses various renewable energy sources including wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, highlighting their history, generation processes, and environmental impacts. It contrasts renewable and non-renewable energy, notes the advantages and disadvantages of renewable resources, and emphasizes the need for a transition towards cleaner energy solutions. The conclusion stresses the importance of developing renewable energy to address environmental issues and satisfy global energy demands.

1. Renewable energy and
resources
K.Yajitha, T.Satya Swaroop, B.Akhil.
M.V.G.R College of Engineering (A).

2. Energy
Renewable Energy
• Re-New-Able
 Capable of being renewed.
• These are inexhaustible.
• They are generated almost
everyday.
• Sources: Wind, solar, hydro,
biomass, geothermal.
Non-Renewable Energy
• Non-Re-New-Able
 Not able to be Renewed
• These are exhaustible.
• They took large time in order
to generate.
• Sources:Fossilfuels,coal,nucl
ear,natural gas.

3. Sources of Renewable Energy

4. Wind Energy
 Humans have been using wind power
to sailboats about 5,500years ago.
 And used windmills for irrigation
pumping, grinding grains since the 7th
century AD in India, Iran and Pakistan.

5. In late 1,800’s and early 1,900’s,
small wind-electric generators
known as wind turbines were also
widely used.
Wind turbine use blades to collect
the winds kinetic energy and wind
flows over the blades creating lift,
which causes the blades to turn.
The blades are connected to a
drive shaft that turns an electric
generator , which produces
electricity.
When power lines were built the
electricity was transmitted to rural
areas.

6. Solar Energy
The sun has produced energy for billion of
years and people used the solar radiation for
thousand's of years for warmth and to dry
clothes, meat, fruits and grains.
In 1839 Alexander Edmond Becquerel claimed
that “shining light on an electrode submerged in
a conductive solution would create a electric
current” and named it as “photovoltaic effect”.
Alexander Edmond Becquerel

7. Photovoltaic is a technology that uses
semiconductor material to convert sunlight
directly into electricity.
In 1941, Russell ohl invented the solar
cell, shortly after the invention of
transistor.
When sunlight falls on a semiconductors
having two layers, a potential difference is
developed between two layers.
A potential difference is created between
two layers which cause electrons to flow
i.e. electric current.
On connecting p-type and n-type layers to
an external circuit, electrons flow from p-
layer to n-layer which results in generation
of current.
Russell ohl
Solar cell

8. Hydro power
In ancient times, hydropower from many
kinds of watermills has been used as a
renewable energy source for grinding
grains by ancient Greeks.
 A water mill works by
diverting water from a river or
pond to a water wheel, usually
along a channel or pipe into
farms.

9. In the late 19th century, hydropower
became a source for generating
electricity.
Hydropower is power derived from the
energy of fast-running water, which may
be harnessed for useful purposes.
A hydroelectric dam is one of the major
components of a hydroelectric facility. A
dam is a large, man-made structure
built to contain some body of water.
The purpose of a hydroelectric dam is
to provide a place to convert
the potential and kinetic energy of
water to electrical energy by using
a turbine and generator.

10. Geothermal energy
History says that the first use of
geothermal energy occurred more
than 10,000 years ago in North
America by American Paleo-Indians.
People used water from hot springs
for cooking.
The first industrial use of began near
Pisa, Italy in late 18th century.

11. Geothermal energy is the heat energy
that emitted deep within the earth in the
form of hot water or stream.
The temperature increases inside the
earth with depth is about 300 degree
Celsius at depth of 10 km.
Geothermal power plants are used for
generation of electricity from
geothermal energy.
The steam rotates the turbine that
activates a generator, which produces
electricity.

12. Biomass energy
This type of energy has been used since the
cave-men discovered fire.
In 1970s, scientists became interested in the
possibility of replacing fossil fuels with
biomass.
The invention of the steam engine allowed
mankind to obtain mechanic energy from the
combustion of wood, whereas up to the 18th
century wind and water where the only
mechanic energy sources available, thanks to
wind and water mills.

13. Biomass energy covers energy that obtained from wide variety of organic
matter of plants or animal origin.
The bioenergy is a renewable source of energy such as wood and wood
residues, agricultural and forest residues, animal fats and human waste, all of
these can be yield useful fuels either directly or after some form of conversion.

14. Impact of Energy on Environment
•Wind energy
Wind farms can have significant
impacts on the landscape, as typically
they need to be spread over more land
than other power stations and need to
be built in wild and rural areas.
 Furthermore,
spinning turbine blades can pose a
threat to flying wildlife like birds and
bats.

15. • Solar energy
 To produce solar-grade silicon, semi-conductors processing typically
involves hazardous chemicals. Depending on the solar panel
manufacturer, these chemicals may or may not be disposed properly.
When installing of solar power panels, they often need to clear vast
swathes of land.

16. • Hydro energy
It mainly effects migratory paths and damage to wildlife habits.
Emission of greenhouse gases takes place from reservoirs.
Large scale wildlife habitat destruction due to river valley flooding.

17. • Geothermal energy
 Extracting geothermal fluids releases gases that are harmful to both
the environment and our health.
 Although geothermal power plants are fairly quiet, they still emit
noise from cooling systems and other components.
 Geothermal power stations are often much smaller than fossil fuel
alternatives, they still take up space. This does depend on the type and
size of the plant but will often leave a mark on the environment.

18. • Biomass energy
 When we burn biomass for
heat or electricity, it releases
carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
When the plants that are the
source of biomass are grown,
nearly equivalent amount of co2
is captured through
photosynthesis, it impacts to air,
water and soil.

19. Applications of Renewable Energy
• Off grid
 Its major applications is to generate electricity
in small amounts.
This is mostly used in remote area
• On grid
Its major application is to generate electricity in
bulk amount.
It deals with power station which are directly
connected to wind forms and solar panels.
• Geothermal energy
 Most commonly used by farmers.
 They can use this energy to heat their greenhouses which enable them to grow
various fruits and vegetables and in some countries the heat produced from this
energy is also utilized to heat pedestrian walkway's etc., in order to prevent them
from freezing

20. Advantages of Renewable energy
1. It can be used to recycle our
waste products.
2. It can provide nations with
energy independence.
3. It can be collected in multiple
locations simultaneously.
4. It is relatively easy to maintain
renewable energy collectors.
5. It can be profitable.
6. It is offered in multiple
formats.
Disadvantages of Renewables energy
1. It is not as cost-effective as other
energy options.
2. It still generates pollution.
3. It may not be a permanent energy
resource.
4. It is an energy resource that is
difficult to access for many
people.
5. It has expensive storage costs.
6. It has large capital costs.

21. The Future of Energy
oAs the non-renewable energies are degrading day-by-day, the future world
should run on renewable energy.
oWe can also expect a solar based cars, buses, boats, and the percentage of
houses based on solar power also increased.
oHydro power can be used to generate electric power without dams.
oThe sustainable nature of wind, geothermal, and biomass highly encourage
the energy supply companies to utilize them.
oAll the energy sources can produce energy in sustainable way with no
pollution.
oMost part of the fuel source in future depends upon solar power as the energy
from sun lasts for ever.

22. conclusion
oRenewable energy sources act as substitutes for fossil fuels and reduce
emissions.
oChanges in our use of energy in a more efficient way as individuals,
countries and the world as a whole.
oEither the energy source is renewable or non-renewable it always have an
adverse effect on nature.
oSo we need to develop our renewable energy resources more and more if
we want to enjoy a peaceful and satisfactory life in today`s energy hungry
world.

23. THANK YOU !