The document summarizes research on the relationship between remoteness, welfare, nutrition, and food security in rural Ethiopia. Data was collected through a survey of 851 households in remote areas without passable roads. The analysis found that greater remoteness negatively impacts household consumption and food security through lower production and market surplus. However, remoteness was not found to have a discernable effect on nutrition outcomes like BMI or child stunting and wasting. Remoteness was also shown to negatively influence dietary diversity. The results indicate a tension between remoteness hurting food access but not nutrition, requiring further consideration of factors like low sanitation and healthcare across the area or threshold effects of low food levels.
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1. Remoteness, Welfare and Nutrition:
Evidence from Rural Ethiopia
David Stifel
Lafayette College
15 June 2015
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2. How does remoteness (accessibility to markets) affect…
• Household well-being?
• Nutrition?
• Outcomes – mother & child anthropometrics
• Dietary diversity
• Food security
3. Data – Ethiopia Rural Transport Survey 2011
• Survey of 851 households in northwestern Amhara
• Sample area selected purposefully
• Without a passable road
• Land quality similar throughout
• Households use the same major market
• Remoteness defined relative to this market town
• Households’ circumstances differ because of differences in transport costs…
…not because of land characteristics.
• Technical purpose: Quasi-experimental setting addresses issue of endogeneity
and facilitates a causal interpretation of results
9. Outcomes: Mothers’ BMI
• Mean BMI = 19.2
• Percent underweight = 34.2
• Statistically not different by
remoteness
1015202530
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Cost (Birr/Quintal
bandwidth = .8
Note: Underweight is BMI < 18.5
10. Outcomes: Child Stunting
• 36 percent stunted
• Statistically not different by
remoteness
-6-2
026
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Costs (Birr/Quintal)
bandwidth = .8
Stunting: HAZ < -2
11. Outcomes: Child Wasting
• 17 percent wasted
• Statistically not different by
remoteness
-6-2
026
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Costs (Birr/Quintal)
bandwidth = .8
Wasting: WHZ < -2
12. Dietary Diversity
0
20406080
100
Percent
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Percent of Households Consuming Particular Food Items
Oil Milk
Meat Fruit
0123456
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Cost (Birr/kg)
All Household Members Chldren under age 5
Average Number of Food Groups in Household Diet
14. Food Security
0
.1.2.3
PercentofHouseholds
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Ate Smaller Meals in Past 30 Days
1-2 Times 3-10 Times
10+ Times
0
.1.2.3
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Ate Fewer Meals in Past 30 Days
1-2 Times 3-10 Times
10+ Times
