This document presents a presentation on remote sensing, detailing its significance and applications in fields such as biology, geology, and agriculture. It discusses the evolution of remote sensing from early aerial methods to modern satellite platforms, highlighting the advantages of satellite data acquisition. Key benefits of satellite remote sensing include continuous data collection, broad coverage, and enhanced data processing capabilities.

1. “VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY”
JNANA SANGAMA , BELAGAVI – 590018
Government Engineering College , Karwar
Majali – 581 345,Uttara Kannada,Karnataka
2024 - 2025
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Presentation on
SATELLITE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
Under the Guidance of:
Mrs. Malleshwari M S
Submitted By:
Srushti M (2GP22EC050)

2. CONTENTS:
 REMOTE SENSING
Aerial Remote Sensing
Satellite Remote Sensing

3. • Remote sensing is defined as the science of identifying, measuring and analysing the
characteristics of objects of interest without actually being in contact with them.
• It is done by sensing and recording the energy reflected or emitted by these objects and
then processing and interpreting that information.
• Sometimes, the gravitational and magnetic fields are also employed for remote sensing
applications.
• Remote sensing is widely used by biologists, geologists, geographers, agriculturists,
foresters and engineers to generate information on objects on Earth’s land surface,
oceans and atmosphere.
• Applications include monitoring natural and agricultural resources, assessing crop
inventory and yield, locating forest fires and assessing the damage caused, mapping and
monitoring of vegetation, air and water quality, etc.
REMOTE SENSING:

4. • A brief look into the history of remote sensing suggests that this technology dates back
to the early 19th century when photographs of Earth were taken from the ground.
• The idea of aerial remote sensing emerged in the early 1840s when the pictures were
taken from cameras mounted on balloons, pigeons, etc.
• Until the introduction of satellites for remote sensing, aerial remote sensing was the
only way of gathering information about Earth.
• The first remote sensing satellite to be launched was Earth Resources Technology
Satellite (ERTS-A) in the year 1972.
• Today satellites have become the main platform for remote sensing applications as
they offer significant advantages over other platforms, which include radio-controlled
aero planes and balloon kits for low altitude applications as well as ladder.
• trucks for ground-based applications.

5. • In aerial remote sensing, as mentioned before, sensors are mounted on aircraft, balloons,
rockets and helicopters.
• Cameras mounted on aircraft have been used to monitor land use practices, locate forest
fires and produce detailed and accurate maps of remote and inaccessible locations of the
planet.
• Aerial systems are less expensive and more accessible options as compared to the satellite
systems and are mainly used for one-time operations.
• The advantage of aerial remote sensing systems as compared to the satellite-based
systems is that they have a higher spatial resolution of around 20 cm or less.
• However, they have a smaller coverage area and higher cost per unit area of ground
coverage as compared to the satellite based remote sensing systems.
Aerial Remote Sensing:

6. • Satellites are the main remote sensing platforms used today and are sometimes referred to
as ‘eyes in the sky’.
• Use of satellites for remote sensing applications has brought a revolution in this field as
they can provide information on a continuous basis of vast areas on the Earth’s
surface day and night.
• This ever-expanding range of geographical and geophysical data help people to
understand their planet better, monitor various parameters more minutely and hence
manage and solve the problems related to Earth more efficiently.
• Satellites have become the main platform for carrying out remote sensing activities as they
offer a number of advantages over other platforms.
Satellite Remote Sensing:

7. 1. Continuous acquisition of data
2. Frequent and regular re-visit capabilities resulting in up-to-date information
3. Broad coverage area
4. Good spectral resolution
5. Semi-automated/computerized processing and analysis
6. Ability to manipulate/enhance data for better image interpretation
7. Accurate data mapping
Some of these advantages include:
• A point worthy of a mention here is that the aerial and satellite-based remote sensing
systems use those regions of the electromagnetic spectrum that are not blocked by the
atmosphere.
• These regions are referred to as ‘atmospheric transmission windows’.

8. Thank you