Religious architecture(iiui)
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iiuiThis document provides an overview of Islamic architecture between the 7th and 18th centuries. It discusses the main types of Islamic architecture, which include civil, funeral, military, and religious architecture. Religious architecture focused on buildings used for worship, such as mosques, madrasas, and khanqahs. Key elements of mosque design are described, including the sahn (courtyard), zullah/iwan (prayer chamber), mihrab (niche indicating the qibla/direction of Mecca), and minbar (pulpit). Different regional styles of mosque plans are also mentioned, such as Arabic, Ottoman, Seljuk, and Indian plans.
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Presentation Islam
Islam is the religion of peace whose followers, Muslims, submit to the will of Allah (God). The key Islamic principles are the oneness of God, mankind, prophets, message, and daily practices like prayer, fasting, charity. Muslims are guided by the Quran and teachings of Prophet Muhammad. There are misunderstandings that terrorism contradicts Islamic teachings of mercy, but extremist groups have distorted the religion's true message of peace.
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The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in 836 AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It has an open air courtyard surrounded by arcades and a large hypostyle prayer hall. A notable feature is its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world at 31.5 meters tall. The mosque was constructed simply of sun-dried bricks but includes elements of marble, granite and other materials. It has historically been an important place of worship and model for other mosques in North Africa.
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This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture from the 7th century to 1600 AD. It discusses the main types of Islamic buildings like mosques, madrasas, hammams, and caravanserais. It then focuses on the architectural features of mosques, including mashrabiya, mihrab, sahn, minarets, domes, and others. Examples of famous global mosques are given, like the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and the Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Dubai. Key details about their designs, construction histories, and unique architectural elements are summarized.
Mosque
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
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The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in the 9th century AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It follows an Abbasid style with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a hypostyle prayer hall. Some key features include its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world, its mihrab and minbar which feature intricate carved woodwork, and its use of columns in the prayer hall from ancient Roman sites. The mosque has historically been an important religious and architectural site in North Africa.
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The Great Mosque of Córdoba began as a Catholic church in the 8th century that was converted to a mosque during Moorish rule. Over nearly 250 years, it was expanded to its current form with a hypostyle hall of over 850 columns supporting a wooden ceiling. The focal point is the ornate mihrab surrounded by intricate mosaic work. It was later converted back to a Catholic church but still retains much of its original Moorish architecture like the horseshoe arches and domes.
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The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was founded in 670 AD and rebuilt in its current form in 836 AD under the Aghlabid prince Ziyadat Allah I. It is located in the historic center of Kairouan and is an important example of early Islamic architecture, incorporating elements from eastern Islamic art and pre-Islamic North African motifs. The mosque follows a hypostyle plan with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a prayer hall with multiple aisles divided by marble columns supporting horseshoe arches. It contains significant architectural features like a ribbed dome, minaret, mihrab, minbar, and maqsura and has served as an important pilgrimage
Great mosque of kairouan
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in the 9th century AD under the Aghlabid dynasty. It is located in the historic city of Kairouan and has undergone several renovations and expansions over the centuries. The mosque follows a hypostyle architectural design with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a prayer hall with multiple aisles separated by columns. It incorporates elements of pre-Islamic art and architecture and is considered an important early example of a mosque.
Introduction to islamic architecture
Islamic architecture developed from the 7th century onward in countries where Islam became dominant. Key features of Islamic architecture include mosques, tombs, and palaces. The earliest mosques were simple square enclosures surrounded by reeds. Over time, mosques developed architectural elements like minarets, mihrabs, iwans, courtyards, and domes. Islamic architecture spread across regions through trade routes and military conquests, adapting to local materials and climates. Mosques became focal points for communities and incorporated elements symbolizing religious beliefs and social functions.
C:\Fakepath\Islam (Pp Tminimizer)
- The passage provides background information on the origins and founding of Islam, beginning with Muhammad receiving revelations from God in 610 AD in Mecca.
- Due to opposition from leaders in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 AD, marking the start of the Muslim calendar. Although Muhammad died in 632 AD, his followers spread Islam across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond.
- The passage outlines some key aspects of early Islamic architecture, including the use of geometry and calligraphy in mosques, as well as common architectural elements like minarets, mihrabs, and hypostyle halls supported by columns.
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Islamic art refers to art created by Muslim artists for Muslim patrons and for use in the Islamic faith. It is characterized by decorative elements like calligraphy, geometric patterns, and avoidance of images to comply with Islamic principles of aniconism. Common elements of mosques include minarets, courtyards, mihrabs indicating the direction of Mecca, and minbars for sermons, though their architectural styles vary greatly across regions, with influences from Roman and Byzantine precedents.
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Religious architecture(iiui)
- 2. We define the architecture of Islam as that building produced by the followers of prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.W) between the seventh and the eighteenth century . What is Islamic architecture
- 3. ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE 1- CIVILARCHITECTURE 2- FUNERAL “ 3- MILITARY “ 4- RELIGIOUS “
- 4. Palaces caravanserai Wikala fountain- sabil Houses pemarstan Khans ham mam Civil architecture
- 7. Mosques madrasa Ribat khanka Zawiyya tikkyat Religious architecture
- 10. mosques mosques
- 11. mosques mosques
- 12. Religious architecture Khanqa , dargha
- 14. madrasa
- 15. zawiyya
- 16. takiyya
- 17. mosques
- 18. Architectural elements of the mosque Sahn “ courtyard “ , open court . The zullah or iwan “ prayer chamber “ , sancuary “ . Rewaks . The mehrab . The minbar . The minare “ manar “ mazana , suwmaa . The dome . Fountain “ ablution‘ Maqsoura . Dikka .
- 24. The plan arabic plan (tradional plan )
- 28. Ottoman plan
- 29. Ottoman plan
- 31. Seljuk plan ( Irinian plan )
- 33. Indian plan
- 34. sahn
- 35. sahn
- 36. sahn
- 37. sahn
- 38. The zullah or iwan “ prayer chamber “ , sancutary
- 46. mihrab A mihrab is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. during the reign ofAl-Walid ibnAbd al-Malik (Al-Walid I, r. 705-715), the mosque of the Prophet was renovated and the governor (wāli) of Medina ordered that a niche be made to designate the qibla wall (which identifies the direction of Mecca).
- 47. In addition to its function as a directional indicator it is thought that the first mihrab niches had a ceremonial or ritual function associated with symbols of royalty. Certainly the mihrab became a focus for architectural decoration and was often embellished with the latest artistic techniques (e.g. stucco, polychrome glazed tiles, carved woodwork, glass mosaic, marble inlay).
- 48. The designs were usually epigraphic and often geometric or vegetal, but never with any suggestion of figurative imagery.
- 49. There is also an early association of mihrab and minbar, with the minbar placed next to the mihrab possibly to lend spiritual authority to the sermon. In some areas such as EastAfrica the mihrab is linked to a recessed minbar niche so that the imam climbs the minbar by entering a door in the side of the mihrab.This arrangement, however, is extremely unusual as the mihrab should be kept free of any mystical connotations
- 50. mihrab
- 52. Salting Mihrab
- 54. mihrab
- 60. manar
- 66. A minbar (Arabic:منبر,also spelt mimbar or mimber) is a pulpit in the mosque where the imam (leader of prayer) stands to deliver sermons (khutbah the prophet Muhammed only had a platform with 3 steps
- 67. The minbar is situated to the right of the mihrab and consists of a raised platform reached by a set of steps, often there is a door at the entrance to the steps and a dome or canopy above the platform
- 68. minbar
- 69. the oldest Islamic pulpit in the world to be preserved intact is the minbar of the Great Mosque of Kairouan (in the city of Kairouan inTunisia). Dating from the 9th century (at about 862 AD),