This document discusses different types of relative clauses, including defining and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses provide essential information to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide extra contextual information. The document also covers the different "linkers" or relative pronouns used to introduce relative clauses like who, which, that. It provides examples of defining and non-defining clauses and discusses when the relative pronoun can be omitted. Adverbial relative clauses introduced by words like when, where, why are also briefly covered.

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES The essential we must remember…..

2. Types of Relative Clauses Defining Non-defining

3. THE “LINKERS” Basic: THAT WHO WHICH (OMISSION) ADVERBIALS: WHERE WHY WHEN WHOSE DEFINING NON-DEFINING

4. Defining or Non-defining? When the relative clause is necessary to understand the sentence completely When the relative clause adds some extra information but it is not essential to understand NON-DEFINING

5. Defining Clauses When the relative refers to a person : “ The man who lives next door has a dog” “ The man that lives next door has a dog” When the relative refers to a thing or animal : “ My mother bought the cottage which has three tall palms ” “ My mother bought the cottage that has three tall palms”

6. Relative Omission We can omit it if and only if: the relative clause is Defining . the relative is not adverbial the relative is not subject of the clause there is no preposition before the relative. I saw the car you told me about on tv yes NO I saw the car that/which you told me about on tv. I saw the car about which you told me on tv.

7. Non-Defining It is always a clause referred to a person, thing or animal totally identified . Mr. Smith, who lives in Norwich , was once my professor The White House, where the president of the USA lives , is in Washington Mickey Mouse, which is a very famous character , has been on TV for many years. remember: always between commas

8. Averbial Relatives TIME “when” I remember the times when we danced together at the disco PLACE “where” The city where I study is not my hometown REASON “why” We will never know the reason why she didn't come to the party POSSESION “ whose” The woman whose parents you talked to was my work college.