Relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses that define, limit, or add meaning to the antecedent. Relative pronouns can be the subject or object of the verb in the clause. When the relative pronoun is the object of the verb, it can sometimes be omitted. Who/whom should be used for people and which/that for non-people. Whose is used to show possession and is always followed by a noun.

1. RelativePronouns

2. Os pronomes relativos introduzem orações subordinadas adjetivas (restritivas ou explicativas). Essas orações definem, limitam ou acrescentam algo ao significado antecedente.

3. Who / That(Quem/que) São usados quando o antecedente for pessoa The girl who/thatarrived is beautiful

4. Which/That(que) São usados quando o antecedente não for pessoa The book which/thatyousuggested is good

5. O pronome relativo pode ser sujeito ou objeto do verbo The girl whohasjustarrived is beautiful(sujeito) The girl who I saw is beautiful(objeto)

6. Quando o pronome relativo for objeto do verbo: ele pode ser omitido Who pode ser substituído por whom (que, quem) The girl who/whom/that/ X I saw is pretty Thedogwhich/ that/ X I saw is hurt

7. Após preposições usa-se: Whom (pessoa) which (não pessoa) Nesses casos o relativos não pode ser omitido The girl aboutwhomyou are talking is mysister The book aboutwhichyou are talking is expensive

8. The woman who called you is my friend. The woman whom/ who you called is my friend. The woman that called you is my friend. (informal) The woman that you called is my friend. (informal)

9. Subject who vs. Object whom Pronouns WHO - SUBJECT OF THE CLAUSE / WHOM - OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE The woman who called you is here. Subject can´t omit The woman (whom) you called is here. You can omit the object pronoun. The woman (that) you called is here. You can omit the object pronoun.

10. How do you know if it takes the place of an object? If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, then it is likely that the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. It cannot be deleted. If the relative pronoun is followed by a subject noun or pronoun – I, we, he, she, they – then that or who must be the object and it can be deleted.

11. They guy who showed us his car appears to be honest. (Cannot delete who.)(verb) The guy [who/whom] we spoke to appears to be honest. (Can delete who.)(subject pronoun) The guy who sold me the car disappeared. (Cannot delete who.verb)

12. The guy [who/whom] Jack sold the car to is angry. (Can delete who.)(subject pronoun) The driver who probably hit my car lives next door. (Cannot delete who.)(adverb + verb) The driver [who/ whom] Jack and I probably hit is angry. (Can delete who.)(double subject pronoun)

13. WhoseCujo, cuja, cujos, cujas É usado para mostrar relação de posse. É sempre seguido por um substantivo e nunca pode ser omitido Themanwhosesonwassickwants to talk to you Thehousewhosewindows are open is for sale

14. Put in the relative who, which or whose where necessary. Type an x if the relative pronoun can be left out. 1) This is the boy______ had an accident. 2) Yesterday I saw a car______ was really old. 3) Mandy is the girl_______ I met on Friday. 4) I haven't seen Frank,________ brother is five, for a long time now

15. 4) I haven't seen Frank,_____ brother is five, for a long time now. 5) The robber stole the car____ the lady parked in front of the supermarket. 6) This is the man________ house is on fire. 7) Can I talk to the girl________ is sitting on the bench?

16. 8) The book________ you gave me is great. 9) She likes hamburgers are hot. 10) Bill Clinton,________ was President of the USA, has only one daughter