In our day-to-day personal and inter-personal social life, Yoga has given us multitudes of tools, concepts, attitudes and techniques through which we can attain inner contentment leading to happiness and spiritual realization while simultaneously creating harmony in all relationships. All psycho-social qualities essential for healthy inter-personal relationships are cultivated when we live a life of Yoga that is in tune with the eternal Dharma.
This article appeared in the Annals of SBV 2014; 3 (1): 53-60.
My lecture on "Kashmir Shaivism and Neuroscience" to an audience mostly in Washington, DC. It was organized by an organization named "Kaleidoscope" in Washington DC, USA, on March 21, 2021.
Not-Self in the Brain - Rick Hanson, PhDRick Hanson
The biological evolution of awareness and the apparent self; what neuroscience tells us about the distributed and endlessly variable neural nature of the apparent self; the stress, suffering, and interpersonal difficulties that come from “excesses of self”; the importance of healthy self-compassion and self-advocacy; how to heal injuries to self-worth; methods for taking things less personally, relaxing possessiveness, and feeling more at one with all things.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Emotional attachment - Buddhism & Business, emtions, ethics and suffering. Extract from Opportunity, Strategy & Entreprneurship: A Meta-Theory, Volume 1, New York, Nova Scientific.
My lecture on "Kashmir Shaivism and Neuroscience" to an audience mostly in Washington, DC. It was organized by an organization named "Kaleidoscope" in Washington DC, USA, on March 21, 2021.
Not-Self in the Brain - Rick Hanson, PhDRick Hanson
The biological evolution of awareness and the apparent self; what neuroscience tells us about the distributed and endlessly variable neural nature of the apparent self; the stress, suffering, and interpersonal difficulties that come from “excesses of self”; the importance of healthy self-compassion and self-advocacy; how to heal injuries to self-worth; methods for taking things less personally, relaxing possessiveness, and feeling more at one with all things.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Emotional attachment - Buddhism & Business, emtions, ethics and suffering. Extract from Opportunity, Strategy & Entreprneurship: A Meta-Theory, Volume 1, New York, Nova Scientific.
Spiritual health and community well being anjali gupta
WHO defined Health is state of compelete physical, mental,social and spiritual well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. means holistic health is something out of bio-social model. its all about spiritual dimension keeps beople wise, energetic, positive, hopeful and happy. Raj Yoga meditation is a tool where you can learn and get experience in life which never had experience in life this is what Dr Anjli Gupta experienced in her life and sharing you all with her experience
The book shares the scope of dianetics, how dianetics can bring a person from hopeless state to hopeful state with optimum life, how negative experiences are stored and how they affect us without us knowing it. Dianetics suggests some techniques which enables us to locate these hidden occurrences and restoring them to our full awareness as memories, freeing us from negative effects. The book describes the procedure as therapy to clear our mind from negative thoughts and for this, we need to understand mind and life itself. For example how mind stores information? What is the impact of stored thoughts on our lives? What is called survival and how it effects on us?
Neuropsychological research on stress, emotions, and painful experiences; approach/avoid responses to the pleasant/unpleasant “hedonic tone” of experience; illuminating parallels in the Buddhist analysis of “dependent origination,” in which our reactions to the hedonic tone of experience lead to craving, clinging, and suffering; numerous methods for reducing or eliminating reactions to the hedonic tone, and thus gaining much greater emotional balance, and an increasingly unshakeable core of happiness.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Berkhin and Hartelius. Why Altered States Are Not Enough: A Perspective from ...IgorBerkhin
Transpersonal psychology has at times employed Buddhist terminology in ways that do not reflect distinctions that underlie these tightly defined terms. From a Buddhist perspective, attempts to equate Buddhist terms with language from other traditions are misdirected, and
produce results that no longer represent Buddhism. For example, it is an error to translate certain Buddhist terms as referring to a shared universal consciousness; Buddhism explicitly rejects this idea. Nor is it appropriate to assume that the generic, cross-traditional altered state of nondual awareness postulated in some transpersonally-related circles is in any way related to nirvana or other advanced states described within Buddhism. Buddhist practices are focused on the achievement of particular knowledge and capacities, not the attainment of altered states.
Presented at Spirit Rock Meditation Center - December, 2011.
The biological evolution of awareness and the apparent self; what neuroscience tells us about the distributed and endlessly variable neural nature of the apparent self; the stress, suffering, and interpersonal difficulties that come from “excesses of self”; the importance of healthy self-compassion and self-advocacy; how to heal injuries to self-worth; methods for taking things less personally, relaxing possessiveness, and feeling more at one with all things.
Top five skills which everyone should have in their emotional toolbox are
1.Resilience
2.Creativity
3.Assertiveness
4.Mental Flexibility
5.Self Awareness
Spiritual health and community well being anjali gupta
WHO defined Health is state of compelete physical, mental,social and spiritual well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. means holistic health is something out of bio-social model. its all about spiritual dimension keeps beople wise, energetic, positive, hopeful and happy. Raj Yoga meditation is a tool where you can learn and get experience in life which never had experience in life this is what Dr Anjli Gupta experienced in her life and sharing you all with her experience
The book shares the scope of dianetics, how dianetics can bring a person from hopeless state to hopeful state with optimum life, how negative experiences are stored and how they affect us without us knowing it. Dianetics suggests some techniques which enables us to locate these hidden occurrences and restoring them to our full awareness as memories, freeing us from negative effects. The book describes the procedure as therapy to clear our mind from negative thoughts and for this, we need to understand mind and life itself. For example how mind stores information? What is the impact of stored thoughts on our lives? What is called survival and how it effects on us?
Neuropsychological research on stress, emotions, and painful experiences; approach/avoid responses to the pleasant/unpleasant “hedonic tone” of experience; illuminating parallels in the Buddhist analysis of “dependent origination,” in which our reactions to the hedonic tone of experience lead to craving, clinging, and suffering; numerous methods for reducing or eliminating reactions to the hedonic tone, and thus gaining much greater emotional balance, and an increasingly unshakeable core of happiness.
More resources are freely offered at http://www.rickhanson.net.
Berkhin and Hartelius. Why Altered States Are Not Enough: A Perspective from ...IgorBerkhin
Transpersonal psychology has at times employed Buddhist terminology in ways that do not reflect distinctions that underlie these tightly defined terms. From a Buddhist perspective, attempts to equate Buddhist terms with language from other traditions are misdirected, and
produce results that no longer represent Buddhism. For example, it is an error to translate certain Buddhist terms as referring to a shared universal consciousness; Buddhism explicitly rejects this idea. Nor is it appropriate to assume that the generic, cross-traditional altered state of nondual awareness postulated in some transpersonally-related circles is in any way related to nirvana or other advanced states described within Buddhism. Buddhist practices are focused on the achievement of particular knowledge and capacities, not the attainment of altered states.
Presented at Spirit Rock Meditation Center - December, 2011.
The biological evolution of awareness and the apparent self; what neuroscience tells us about the distributed and endlessly variable neural nature of the apparent self; the stress, suffering, and interpersonal difficulties that come from “excesses of self”; the importance of healthy self-compassion and self-advocacy; how to heal injuries to self-worth; methods for taking things less personally, relaxing possessiveness, and feeling more at one with all things.
Top five skills which everyone should have in their emotional toolbox are
1.Resilience
2.Creativity
3.Assertiveness
4.Mental Flexibility
5.Self Awareness
Top five skills which everyone should have in their emotional toolbox are
1.Resilience
2.Creativity
3.Assertiveness
4.Mental Flexibility
5.Self Awareness
Become a better leader and manager by clarifying your thinking - understand not what you think but also how you think and why you think that way you do .... Learn the Power of Spiral Dynamics and improve the quality of your working life
The main objective of this website is to offer a new way of thinking about such matters based on science and clear reasoning; a way of thinking that reveals meaning and purpose for our lives; a way that leads to natural personal fulfillment and happiness
a brief synopsis of factors important in human interactions and behaviorism. Hungers dictate how one behaves in a social setting. These form some important cues in understanding a person in the relationship context; personal or business.
A unique view of the growth, maturation, and developement of the human individual; used as a basis for instruction of,"The Trivalent Understanding": the next stage in the evolution of humanity.
"The saving formula according to the teachings of Confucius is working to integrate one's personality and helping others to do the same simultaneously."
Similar to THE YOGA OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS (20)
On behalf of Param Pujya Ammaji and the entire Gitananda Yoga Family Worldwide we wish all our readers a very happy and prosperous New Year 2024!
Our beloved Ammaji as Editor of Yoga Life always put Lord Vigneshwara, the ‘obstacle to all obstacles’ on the January cover, and we continue the tradition with this colourful image of the Divine Lord. We pray to the benevolent Lord Abhayakaravinayaka to bless us all in the New Year with wellness, happiness, prosperity and success in all our endeavors.
The inner covers highlight memorable moments from the wonderful time we had hosting the Yoga Studies team from the Loyola Marymount University, USA during their study tour of India. The front inner cover depicts special moments during the Indo-US Yoga Chikitsa Symposium at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth that was graced by the present Vice Chancellor Prof NR Biswas and the past Vice Chancellor and Emeritus Professor Dr KR Sethuraman.
The back inner page depicts the wonderful time the LMU team led by Prof Lori Rubenstein Fazzio had at the ICYER Ananda Ashram during the two day Yoga Chikitsa Workshop as well as at the Sri Kambaliswamy Madam. They were blessed by Param Pujya Ammaji and Yoga Chikitsa Ratna Dr Madanmohanji who participated actively in all the sessions.
On the back cover Dr Anandaji as the Madathipathi welcomes all dedicated Sadhakas for the 150th Annual Guru Puja for Srila Sri Kambaliswamigal and 30th Guru Puja of Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj to be held on 11th January 2024.
Yoga is the path of self-re-discovery, and we are fortunate to be guided by our illustrious Guru Parampara. May we always be worthy of their potent blessings and benevolent grace.
Dhivya Priya Bhavanani's talk on 7th January 2022 at the 27th International Yoga Festival, organized by the Government of Puducherry, Department of Tourism, Pondicherry, India from 4th to 7th January 2022.
Vibhaga and pranava pranayama of Gitananda Rishictulure Yoga by Dr AnandaYogacharya AB Bhavanani
A presentation on Vibhaga and pranava pranayama of Gitananda Rishiculture Yoga by Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Ashram Acharya ICYER at Ananda Ashram, Pondicherry, India.
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Yogasana Tribute to the Nation on its 75th year of in...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
We humbly dedicate this Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Yogasana Tribute to the Nation on its 75th year of independence offered by the CYTER Team of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India to each and every one of the great freedom fighters of our beloved Nation who contributed their mite during the freedom struggle.
We owe the freedom we savour today to their timeless sacrifices.
We will forever remain indebted to all of them.
Jai Hind !
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's special session on Yoga and the digestive system for members of the Rishiculture Gitananda Yoga Family.
Disclaimer: Copyrights of images used in the presentation belong to the respective owners and Dr Ananda doesn't claim any IPR on them and has used them only for educational purposes with no malafide intentions.
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's Keynote on "Integrating yoga therapy within the Modern Medical System" at the Global Yoga therapy Day conference 2021
YOGA AS THERAPY : Synthesis of Traditional Wisdom with Modern Scientific Know...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani’s presentation on YOGA AS THERAPY : Synthesis of Traditional Wisdom with Modern Scientific Knowledge in the 34th Research Methodology & Biostatistics Workshop conducted by the Tamil Nadu Dr.MGR. Medical University in July 2021.
Yoga and Cultural Misappropriation: An e-book by Dr Ananda, Malini and PadmaYogacharya AB Bhavanani
This e-book authored by Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Yogasadhaki Malini and Yogacharini Padma provides a road map towards manifesting culturally appropriate yoga in modern times. Yoga without its cultural context, is no longer yoga and hence we must be mindful of the necessity to retain the content for yoga to be alive through us.
This e-book is endorsed by the Indian Yoga Association – A self-regulatory body of Yoga Organizations. IYA is a maiden attempt to unite all yoga paramparas in a common cause. Indian Yoga Association is committed to promotion and advancement of Yoga and its applications around the world and industry-cum-self-regulatory body to facilitate activities of member institutions.
To know more about the IYA visit http://www.yogaiya.in/about/
To know more about Dr Ananda and the ICYER at Ananda Ashram, please visit www.rishiculture.in
Dr Ananda's invited presentation on Yoga Research: Past, Present and Future at the International E-conference titled "Recent Advances in the Medical Sciences International E - Conference, RAMSIECON 2021" organised by Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore from 30th June to 3rd July 2021.
This e-book authored by Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Yogasadhaki Malini and Yogacharini Padma provides a road map towards manifesting culturally appropriate yoga in modern times. Yoga without its cultural context, is no longer yoga and hence we must be mindful of the necessity to retain the content for yoga to be alive through us.
Yogacharya Dr. ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI
MBBS, ADY, DPC, DSM, PGDFH, PGDY, FIAY, MD (Alt.Med), C-IAYT, DSc (Yoga)
Yogacharya Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani is Director of the Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (CYTER), and Professor of Yoga Therapy at the Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry (www.sbvu.ac.in).
He is also Chairman of the International Centre for Yoga Education and Research at Ananda Ashram, Pondicherry, India (www.icyer.com) and Yoganjali Natyalayam, the premier institute of Yoga and Carnatic Music and Bharatanatyam in Pondicherry (www.rishiculture.in). He is son and successor of the internationally acclaimed Yoga team of Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj and Yogacharini Kalaimamani Ammaji, Smt Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani.
A recipient of the prestigious DSc (Yoga) from SVYASA Yoga University in January 2019, he is a Gold Medallist in Medical Studies (MBBS) with postgraduate diplomas in both Family Health (PGDFH) as well as Yoga (PGDY) and the Advanced Diploma in Yoga under his illustrious parents in 1991-93. A Fellow of the Indian Academy of Yoga, he has authored 19 DVDs and 26 books on Yoga as well as published nearly 300 papers, compilations and abstracts on Yoga and Yoga research in National and International Journals. His literary works have more than 2650 Citations, with an h-Index of 25 and an i10-Index of 50. In addition, he is a Classical Indian Vocalist, Percussionist, Music Composer and Choreographer of Indian Classical Dance.
In recent years he has travelled abroad 20 times and conducted invited talks, public events, workshops and retreats and been major presenter at Yoga conferences in the UK, USA, Italy, Czech Republic, South Africa, Germany, Switzerland, Malaysia, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
He is an Honorary Advisor to International Association of Yoga Therapists (www.iayt.org), Australasian Association of Yoga Therapists (www.yogatherapy.org.au), World Yoga Foundation (www.worldyogafoundation.in) and Gitananda Yoga Associations worldwide (www.rishiculture.in).
A recognized PhD guide for Yoga Therapy he was recognized as an IAYT Certified Yoga Therapist (C-IAYT) by the International Association of Yoga Therapists, USA in 2016. It is notable that he is the first Indian to receive this honour.
He is currently member of numerous expert committees of the Ministry of AYUSH including its National Board for Promotion of Yoga and Naturopathy, Scientific Advisory Committee & Standing Finance Committees of CCRYN, Technical Committee of the Yoga Certification Board, Expert Committees for Celebration of International Yoga Day and the National Yoga & Diabetes program. He is Consultant Resource Person for the WHO and its Collaborative Centre in Traditional Medicine (Yoga) at MDNIY, New Delhi. He is also EC member and Director Publications of the Indian Yoga Association (www.yogaiya.in).
Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's ivited talk on "Yoga and Respiratory Disorders" for the International Capacity Building Workshop- Webinar on "Yoga for Non communicable Disease- A Scientific Perspective" hosted by MDNIY, New Delhi Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India and World Health Organization (WHO)
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Introduction:
All aspects of our human personality are cultured
through the process of Yoga helping us evolve
towards perfection until we are “One” with the
Divine Self. Yoga helps destroy the Kleshas, the
psychological afflictions that warp our vision,as well
as eradicates Karma Bandha that prevents us from
realizing our potential Divinity. Our great Rishis
like Veda Vyasa and Maharishi Patanjali have given
us a clear road map for this evolutionary journey
with vital clues towards understanding both the
internal and external culturing processes of Yoga.
The cultural teachings of Yoga help us become “All
One”by losing our sense of individuality to gain an
unparalleled sense of universality.
In our day-to-day personal and inter-personal
social life, Yoga has given us multitudes of tools,
concepts,attitudesandtechniquesthroughwhichwe
can attain inner contentment leading to happiness
and spiritual realization while simultaneously
creating harmony in all relationships. All psycho-
social qualities essential for healthy inter-personal
relationships are cultivated when we live a life of
Yoga that is in tune with the eternal Dharma.These
humane qualities include loving understanding,
innate sensibility that sees other’s perspectives,
compassion, empathy, respect, gratitude, fidelity
and responsibility. In fact the Srimad Bhagavad
Gita delineates very similar qualities of a spiritually
healthy person in Chapter XVI. These include:
fearlessness (Abhayam), purity of inner being
(Sattva Samshuddhih), steadfastness in the path
of knowledge (Jnanayoga Vyavasthitih), charity
(Danam), self control (Dama), spirit of sacrifice
(Yajna), self analysis (Svadhyaya), disciplined
life (Tapa), uprightness (Arjavam), non violence
(Ahimsa), truthfulness (Satyam), freedom from
anger (Akrodhah), spirit of renunciation (Tyagah),
tranquility (Shanti), aversion to defamation
(Apaishunam), compassion to all living creatures
(Daya Bhutesv), non covetedness (Aloluptvam),
gentleness (Maardavam), modesty (Hrir
Acaapalam), vigor (Tejah), forgiveness (Kshama),
fortitude (Dhritih), cleanliness of body and mind
(Saucam), freedom from malice (Adroho), and
absence of pride (Naa Timaanita). One who is
blessed with these qualities is indeed a divine
blessing to the social life of their immediate family,
friends, relatives and their society itself.
The Four Pronged Approach:
Our ancient Indian culture, a vibrant living culture
till even today, has a lot to offer in every sphere
of life. The elevated spiritual, psychological and
metaphysical concepts of our great Maharishis
hold true even today and it is up to us to delve into
them and reap benefits of psycho-physiological
health, happiness as well as intra-personal and
inter-personal social harmony. Our Rishis were
visionary seers who codified innumerable concepts
that produce physically, emotionally and mentally
healthy individuals who are valuable for betterment
of society.
Our ancients in their infinite wisdom realised
thatweneedtodealwithdifferentpeopledifferently.
Some people can be held close whereas with others
an arm’s length or often a six feet pole’s length is
required. Sensitive, sensible people may respond
to a soft carrot approach while the arrogant who
are usually dull and inert may only respond to a
heavy and strong stick. The Rishis have codified a
four pronged approach to deal with different types
of human personalities at different times and in
different ways.SaintThiyagaraja in his composition
“sarasa sama dana bheda danda chatura” describes
Lord Rama as the perfect example of a human
possessing these qualities of Kingship and kinship.
The first of these four methods is known as
Sama and is the dealing with people using a sense
of equanimity and treating them as equals in the
search for truth. This can only be applied with the
noble ones and will be misused by others as seen in
THE YOGA OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani *
* Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Deputy Director, CYTER, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research
Institute, Puducherry 607402, India and Chairman: International Centre for Yoga Education and Research,
and Yoganjali Natyalayam Puducherry. www.rishiculture.org and www.icyer.com
2. Ann. SBV, Jan - Jun 2014;3(1)
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today’s chaotic environment.The second method is
Dana, which implies the affording of concessions
towards those who are truly needy. This may be in
the material, physical, mental or emotional form
and is the giving of a bit of leeway that can help
those who are in trouble to come up to par with
others and then slowly develop into one who can
be treated at the Sama level. Bheda is the third
method and is a separation from troublesome
elements in order to reduce the extent of the
problem. When used in a proper and judicious
manner this can help many situations to normalize
and prevent them from going from “bad to worse”.
When things get really bad or worse, then Danda
or minimal deterrent action through judicious
punishment can be of use when we considering the
holistic picture.
In modern times the “spare the rod” mentality
is prevalent and we do seem to end up spoiling
our children and youth by making them weaker
in all aspects. We take away their ability to be
responsible citizens by teaching then indirectly
that “anything that happens is not your fault- you
are the victim”. I reiterate clearly that I am not a
supporter of any form of corporal punishment, but
I do realize the need for a determent in order for
the betterment of the whole.One rotten apple is all
that we need to spoil a barrel and the same can be
said of the repeated offenders.Such situations need
to be nipped in the bud and the Danda method
has its uses too in such situations. Of course this
requires a lot of Viveka on the part of the parent,
teacher or person in authority and also needs safety
precautions so that it is not misused by ignorant
egotistical persons who want to be the “star of the
show” at the cost of the others. The most basic
qualities required for a good parent, teacher and
leader in any field of endeavor are intelligence and
empathy. Yet how many of our people have these
qualities today?
EvolutionaryQuirksoftheHumanBrain:
Ammaji,Kalaimamani Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani
often talks about the five quirks of the human
brain and quotes the Ken Keyes Jr who in his book
“Your Road Map to Lifelong Happiness” argues
that there is an essential “lack of communication”
between the “old” (reptilian - mammalian) and the
“new” (conscious, neo-cortex) parts of the human
brain. As the “old brain” developed over 60 to 375
million years it is powerful and well-set in its ways.
Its habitual responses to environmental survival
challenges are strong and automatic – “kill or be
killed”. On the other hand, the “New Brain” of
human consciousness is only 40 to 100 thousand
years old and hence the new boy on the block.
The lack of communication between the old and
new brains produces the “Five Quirks” that are the
major causes behind innumerable problems we face
in all interpersonal relationships.These quirks are:
1. The Object Quirk – the animal brain sees
objects only in a very vague,hazy,general sense and
not in a specific sense.It views objects and classifies
them as to how they may fulfill its needs or in what
way they may threaten its safety. Thus, it confuses
different people and things. It sees everything
generally as friend or foe, provider of food or as a
sexual possibility. It does not need to see any object
with specific characteristics. For example, it does
not choose a mate on personal charm or elevated
character but simply as a means to gratify sex drive.
Other objects and other creatures are important
only as means to satisfy basic needs.
2. The Time Quirk – Keyes says the “Old
Brain” has no time sense. It does not perceive past
or future. It lives only in the present moment. It
“eats or is eaten.” There is no sense of tomorrow
or yesterday. Everything is immediate, now, urgent.
At that lower level of life, every experience is in the
“Now” of survival.
3. The Unsafe Stranger Quirk – The “Old
Brain” views all strangers with suspicion. The
“unknown stranger”is a possible threat to survival or
a competitor for resources. Any creature “different”
from oneself and one’s species is a potential threat.
4. The Unchanging Entity Quirk – To the
“Old Brain” incapable of perceiving subtleties,
everything remains the same – a tree is always a
tree. It does not perceive the various changes,
which all things pass through. It sees all things
as “unchanging” as the perception of intricate
subtleties of change is not necessary for survival.
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5. Adaptable Memory Quirk – The animal
does not need memory. The only memory
necessary is what enables it to survive. Hence, what
it remembers can be “adjusted” to whatever best
helps it to survive. There is no objective truth. The
only “Truth” to the animal brain is “survival of the
fittest.”
The manner in which animals and reptiles
perceive the world is a much dimmer, less precise,
lessclear,survival-orientedperceptiontotallygeared
to survival. This is much less than that available
to the conscious mind. The “Old Brain” is fuelled
by emotional responses. The basic motivating
emotion is fear. The other important drives-sex,
survival instinct, herd mentality, dominance, power
struggles, nurturing and being nurtured-are all tied
to the organism’s basic need to survive at all costs
and fear of death or extinction.
For example, the “Object Quirk” manifests
in human experience when a person in the past
was abused by a red-haired woman and hence, in
future, always has a dislike for red-haired women.
The “Old Brain” cannot see the possibility that all
red-haired women will not abuse it. Similarly the
Time Quirk manifests itself in human behavior in
this manner: when one experiences unhappiness,
one feels one is “always unhappy.” This may cause
one to perceive another person as “always angry”,
even though the person may only be angry at that
moment. Witness how many husband-wife or
parent-child quarrels begin with the words… ‘You
always do this…”
The “Unsafe Stranger Quirk” is evidenced in
the suspicion that people feel when a foreigner
enters their circle,or someone of a different religion
a different race, a different culture etc comes into
their social circle. There is an instinctual fear, even
though that person may be perfectly harmless.This
is highly visible in today’s society where everyone
wants “their” country, state, language, religion
etc to be the “best”. Linguistic, religious and
regional fanaticism springs forth from such “old”
conditioned responses that are so deeply ingrained
in the animal brain that people lose all ‘sense’ and
do things that they would never do in even their
wildest dreams.
The “Unchanging Entity Quirk” manifests
when people cannot see that those around them are
constantly changing, that they are not what they
were yesterday. A thief may have reformed himself,
but others may always perceive him as “a thief.”The
husband may have overcome his bad habit, but the
wife cannot see him anew.This is carried further by
the “Adjustable Memory Quirk” that occurs when
people deliberately or unconsciously “re-arrange”
their memories to support or justify their emotions
or desires. For example, a couple who wish to
divorce may “adjust their memories’ to “remember”
only the “bad times” or the “bad characteristics”
of their partners. This is very common in most
relationships and cannot be overcome without
awareness and consciousness that springs from
introspectional self analysis of Swadyaya.
Animals are prisoners of their genes. They are
incarnated into a conditioned, stimulus-response
programming and they have no choice, but to
follow their instincts. Man, the new being, the first
“Conscious Organism” has the power of choice.
He / she may now act, and choose to respond in
a dignified and adequate manner, rather than re-
act in an uncontrolled and totally inappropriate
manner. The human being has the power to think,
to recall past situations and compare them to
the present reality. Man has the power of reason
which frees him from the instinctive responses to
challenge which is the mode of behavior of the
reptilian and mammalian kingdom. But the power
of the unconscious emotions and instincts rising
from the “Old Brain”in a kind of “evolutionary lag”
sometimes overpowers the “Rational Brain” and
causes “The New Being” to react in an irrational
manner. Man as a social, conscious being has lifted
himself from the jungle environment with its
moment to moment dangers and constant life and
death challenges. He no longer faces challenges
to his very survival on a constant basis. His life
is relatively secure on the physical level (barring
wars and other unusual circumstance). Yet, his
“Old Brain” is hard wired to react as though every
threat (physical or psychological) is a life and death
matter. Hence, even psychological challenges, or
innocuous frictions trigger off “Old Brain”extreme
responses, especially on the emotional level.
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We can witness in so many human relationships
that the old, animal and reptilian autonomic
responses and reactions cloud the “human” or
conscious perception. The “Old Brain” reacts out
of past conditioning. It is heavily “loaded” with
emotionswhicharepartofthemammaliancomplex,
and hence, “unconscious.” The animal-reptile
(Pashu) is not “free” to choose as it is bound by the
tight noose (Pasha) of its conditioned stimulus-
response mechanism. If it is threatened, it will flee
or fight. These are the only options open to it. We
must remember that on the other hand, the “New
Brain” has the power to act after considering the
reality of the present situation. We have the choice
of using discernment, rationality and deliberation
to choose consciously our actions and responses
in any given circumstance. This power of choice
is concomitant to the event of consciousness. The
multiple million dolor question is however,“Are we
ready and willing to be real human beings?”
Importance of Adhikara Yoga:
ThePanchaYamaandPanchaNiyamaareconsidered
as Adhikara Yoga by Dr TR Anantharaman as they
give us the self resplendent authority and inner
resolve for spiritual realizations. They provide
a strong moral and ethical foundation for our
personal and social life. They guide our attitudes
with regard to the right and wrong in our life and
in relation to our self,our family unit and the entire
social system.
Thehigher,consciouspowertoreflect,toperceive
the current situation freed of all past conditioning,
and then to consciously choose an appropriate
response is the essence of Yama-Niyama, the
moral and ethical system of Rishiculture Ashtanga
Yoga. Yama may be understood to be a conscious
restraint of primitive instincts and impulses rising
from the “Old Brain.” Yama is thus the control
of our unconsciousness tendencies, our Vasanas
and the deeply ingrained habitual patterns of our
Samskaras. Niyama may be on the other hand said
to be a positive and conscious reinforcement of the
higher consciousness, those Divine characteristics
that propel one’s evolution into more advanced
states of being. Niyama is the cultivation of
consciousness. Pujya Swamiji, Gitananda Giri
called the Yama and Niyama as “No-Option Yoga”
for they are the “sarvabhauma mahavratam” of
Maharishi Patanjali. If we want to grow, to evolve
out of our reptilian – mammalian past into the
truly human, humane and divine nature, we must
restrain the primordial instincts through Yama and
consciously reinforce our Divine nature through
the observances and practice of Niyama.
ThePanchaYamasareAhimsa(Non–violence),
Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (non-stealing),
Brahmacharya (control of the creative impulse)
and Aparigraha (non – covetedness). These are the
“DO NOT’S”in a Yoga Sadhaka’s life. Do not kill,
do not be untruthful, do not steal, do not waste
your god given creativity and do not covet that
which does not belong to you.These guide us to say
a big “NO”to our lower self and the lower impulses
of violence etc. When we apply these to our life
we can definitely have better personal and social
relationships as social beings.
The Pancha Niyamas are Soucha (cleanliness),
Santhosha (contentment), Tapa (discipline),
Swadyaya (study of one’s-self) and Ishwar
Pranidhana (gratitude to the Divine). The Pancha
Niyamas guide us with “DO’S” - do be clean, do
be contented, do be disciplined, do self - study
(introspection) and do be thankful to the divine
for all of his blessings. They help us to say a big
“YES” to our higher self and the higher impulses.
Definitely a person with such qualities is a God-
send to humanity.
We must remember that even if we are
unable to live the Yama-Niyama completely, the
attempt by us to do so will bear fruit and make us
a better person, of value to those around us and
a valuable person within our family and society.
These are values which need to be introduced to
our children and youth, making them aware and
conscious of these wonderful concepts of daily
living. These are indeed qualities that are to be
imbibed in a natural and Sahaja manner and not
learnt under the threat of fear or compulsion.
The parents and teachers can by example show
their children the importance of these qualities
and when the children see the good examples of
their parents and teachers living there principles
they will surely follow suit sooner than later.
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Other Important Yogic Concepts:
There are many important Yogic concepts that
help guide us in shaping our personal lives as well
as helping us to create harmonious interpersonal
relationships that make up our daily social life.
Some examples of these spiritually uplifting
concepts that transform all aspects of our social life
include:
• Vasudeiva Kudumbakam: The whole
world is one family. This is an excellent concept
which helps one to understand that division on
the basis of class, creed, religion and geographical
distribution are all ‘man made’ obstructions
towards oneness. One can then look upon all as
his own and can bond with everyone irrespective
of any barrier. All the great Yogic saints such as
Tirumoolar, Tiruvalluvar, Basava, Periyalvar and
Tirunavukkarasar have reminded us again and
again in so many lovely verses of the singular
teachings that there is only “One Humanity and
One God”.
• Chaturvidha Purusharthas: The four
legitimate goals of life tell us how we can set
legitimate goals in this life and work towards
attaining them in the right way, following our
dharma to attain Artha (material prosperity),Kama
(emotional prosperity) and finally the attainment
to the real goal of our life, Moksha (spiritual
prosperity). These four are termed as Aram, Porul,
Inbam and Veedu respectively in Nannool, an
ancient Dravidian text and the great life enhancing
teachings in the Tirukkural of Tiruvalluvar deal
directly with the first three and hints at the fourth.
• PanchaKlesha: Avidya(ignorance),Asmita
(ego), Raaga (attraction), Dwesha (repulsion) and
Abinivesha (urge to live at any cost) are the five
Kleshas or mental afflictions with which we are
born into this human life. Through Yoga we can
understand how these control our life and see their
effects on our behavior. These ‘Kleshas’ hinder
our personal and social life and must be destroyed
through the practice of Patanjali’s Kriya Yoga
which is Tapa, Swadyaya and Ishwar Pranidhana.
• Jiva Karunya: Empathic compassion
towards all living beings is extolled in the
teachings of Tirumoolar, Tiruvalluvar and Vallalar
Ramalinga Adigalar.Tirumoolar says that the most
important aspects of right living are the devoted
loving offering to the Divine while in daily life
the feedings of other human beings and animals
with loving compassion. He also stresses the need
of speaking good and kind words to others as the
means to spiritual upliftment. Tiruvalluvar asks us
the poignant question, “Of what use is intelligence
if one cannot empathize with the pain of others
and help them”
• Chatur Bhavana: The four attitudes that
Patanjali advises us to cultivate are given in the
33rd Sutra of the Samadhi Pada. These attitudes
that help us to control our mental processes are:
friendliness towards those who are happy (Maitri
– Sukha); compassion towards those who are
miserable (Karuna – Dukha); cheerfulness towards
the virtuous (Mudhita – Punya); and indifference
towards the wicked (Upekshanam – Apunya).
These help us create a Yogic attitude of Sama
Bhava or equal mindedness in all situations. They
also help us to overcome the Kleshas, and provide
us with answers on how to live a Yogic life. They
make us humane and help us to live within the
social structure in a healthy and happy manner.
• Pratipaksha Bhavanam: The concept of
Pratipaksha Bhavanam is an amazing teaching
and must be inculcated in our Sadhana of day-
to-day living as we face it so many times each
day. Even if we cannot replace negative thoughts
with emotion-laden positive reinforcements, we
must at least make an attempt to stop them in
their troublesome track! I have personally found
that a strong ”STOP” statement works wonders
in helping block out the negative thoughts that
otherwise lead us into the quicksand-like cesspool
of deeper and greater trouble. Tiruvalluvar advises
us to repay negative actions done to us by others
with positive selfless actions towards them.
• Karma Yoga: Selfless action and the
performance of our duty without any motive are
qualities extolled by the Bhagavad Gita which
is one of the main Yogic texts. Performing one’s
duty for the sake of the duty itself and not with
any other motive helps us to develop detachment
(Vairagya) which is a quality vital for a good
life. Karma Yoga includes important concepts of
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action-reaction and teaches us the importance of
right action. This includes the concepts of selfless
action (Nishkama Karma) as well as skill in action
(Karmasu Koushalam). Selfless action and the
performance of our duty without any motive are
qualities extolled by the Bhagavad Gita which is
one of the main yogic texts. Performing one’s duty
for the sake of the duty itself and not with any other
motive helps us to develop detachment (Vairagya)
which is a quality vital for a good life. Yoga is skill
in action according to Yogeshwar Krishna in the
Bhagavad Gita. ‘To do our best and leave the rest’is
how Pujya Swamiji Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj
used to describe the best way of life. Even if we
don’t practice the other aspects of Yoga, we can be
‘living’Yoga, by performing all our duties skill fully
and to the best of our ability. A great teacher can
be a true Yogi by performing doing their duty to
perfection and without care for the rewards of the
action, even if they do not practice any Asanas or
Pranayama.
• Samatvam: ‘Yoga is equanimity’ says
the Bhagavad Gita. Development of a complete
personality who is neither affected by praise
nor blame through development of Vairagya
(detachment) leads to the state of “Stitha Prajna”
or “Sama Bhava”. This is a state of mind which is
equally predisposed to all that happens, be it good
or bad. Such a human is a boon to society and a
pleasure to live and work with.
• Bhakti Yoga: The self effacing, loving path
of Bhakti enables us to realize the greatness of the
Divine and understand our puniness as compared
to the power of the Divine or nature. We realize
that we are but ‘puppets on a string’ following his
commands on the stage of the world and then
perform our activities with the intention of them
being an offering to the Divine and gratefully
receive HIS blessings.“It is only with the blessings
of the Divine, that we can even worship his holy
feet (avanarulal avan thal vanangi)” says the Shiva
Puranam, a Shaivite Dravidian classic.
Shifting From Individuality To
Universality:
Yoga, which emphasizes the universal, is a perfect
foil to those human activities, which glorify the
personal. The ego which is fixated only on its own
shallow self will soon run into the blank wall of
depression and despair, overwhelmed by its own
superficiality. That striving spirit which looks
within at the universal aspect of its own nature and
sees the oneness of the whole of creation will find
an endless fountain of inspiration and joy. In short
it may be safely said that the practice of Yoga as
a unified whole helps the individual shift from an
‘I”-centric approach to a “we”-centric approach.
Tirumoolar stresses the importance of cutting the
ego sense (Anava Mala) in countless verses of the
3000 versed classic Tirumandiram.
Yoga not only considers the importance of
attaining a dynamic state physical health but
also more importantly mental health. Qualities
of a mentally healthy person (Stitha Prajna) are
enumerated in the Bhagavad Gita as follows:
• Beyond passion, fear and anger (veeta raga
bhaya krodhah- II.56)
• Devoid of possessiveness and egoism
(nirmamo nirahamkarah- II.7)
• Firm in understanding and un bewildered
(sthira buddhir asammudhah- V.20)
• Engaged in doing good to all creatures
(sarva bhutahiteratah- V.25)
• Friendly and compassionate to all ( maitrah
karuna eva ca- XII.13)
• Pureheartedandskilfulwithoutexpectation
(anapekshah sucir daksah- XII.16)
Maharishi Patanjali tells us that we can gain
unexcelled happiness, mental comfort, joy and
satisfaction by practicing and attaining a state of
inner contentment (santoshat anuttamah sukha
labhah- PYS II:42).This link is quite apparent once
we think about it, but not too many associate the
need for contentment in their greed for anything
and everything in this material world. The Srimad
Bhagavad Gita says, “yogaha karmasu koushalam”
meaning thereby that Yoga is skill in action (II.50).
The real Yogi, immensely conscious and aware at
the physical, mental and emotional levels gains
great control through that consciousness over
all aspects of life thus developing a real skill in
living. Part of that skill springs from his cultivated
detachment, his ability to work for “work’s sake,”
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and not for the sake of the reward. He realizes that
his duty is to do his best but that the ultimate result
is not in his hands. The Yogi performs the needed
action not for the sake of the fruits of that action,
but because it is good and necessary to do so. Such
an attitude of mind produces consummate skill in
whatever action the Yogi undertakes. Consummate
concentration, consummate controls are all
offshoots of good Yoga Sadhana. This belies the
age-old belief that the competitive spirit produces
the highest skill. To this the Yogic answer is:
detachment from the fruits of the action produces
the greatest efficiency, for one is then emotions
connected with “goal-oriented”, competitive
thinking. The beauty of Yoga is that these abstract
principles become concrete in the daily practice of
the techniques available in the Yoga system. Once
the “Seed of Yoga” finds fertile soil, these concepts
grow naturally, slowly but surely taking root in all
aspects of life.
Regaining Our Health And Happiness
Through Yoga:
“Health and happiness are your birthrights,
Moksha is your goal. Reclaim your birthrights
and attain your goal though Yoga” roared the
Lion of Modern Yoga, Yogamaharishi Dr Swami
Gitananda Giri. Living a happy and healthy
life on all planes is possible through the unified
practice of Hatha Yoga Asanas and Pranayamas,
Dharana, Dhyana and Bhakti Yoga especially
when performed consciously and with awareness.
Asanas help to develop strength, flexibility, will
power, good health, and stability and thus when
practiced as a whole give a person a “stable and
unified strong personality”. Pranayama helps us to
control our emotions which are linked to breathing
and the Pranamaya Kosha (the vital energy sheath
or body). Slow, deep and rhythmic breathing helps
to control stress and overcome emotional hang-
ups. Dharana and Dhyana help us to focus our
mid and dwell in it and thus help us to channel
our creative energy in a wholistic manner towards
the right type of evolutionary activities. They help
us to understand our self better and in the process
become better humans in this social world.
The true Yogic life involves a sustained struggle
against past conditioning, an attempt to control
one’s inner environment in order to focus inward.
Yoga is isometric, pitting one part of the body
against the other and the Yogi strives to be “more
perfect today, than he/she was yesterday”. It is
practically impossible for classical Yoga Sports,
Pranayamas and other Yoga practices to harm the
practitioner when they are performed in the proper
manner.
Yoga is not just performing some contortionist
poses or huffing and puffing some Pranayama or
sleeping our way through any so-called meditation.
It is an integrated way of life in which awareness
and consciousness play a great part in guiding
our spiritual evolution through life in the social
system itself and not in some remote cave in the
mountains or hut in the forest. Yoga can be rightly
said to be the science and art of right-useness of
body, emotions and mind.
Tiruvalluvar says, “The loving ones live for
the sake of others while the unloving live only
for themselves”. Yogis have immense love and
compassion for all beings and wish peace and
happiness not only for themselves, but for all
living beings. They are not “individualists” seeking
salvation for themselves but on the contrary are
“universalists” seeking to live life in the proper
evolutionary manner to the best of their ability
and with care and concern for their fellow human
brethren and those beings living at all planes of
existence. This is well exemplified by Yogic prayers
such as, “Om, loka samasta sukhino bhavanthu
sarve janaha sukhino bhavanthu Om shanti,shanti,
shanti Om”.
May we all become true Yogis as extolled by
Yogeshwar Sri Krishna when he says, “tasmad yogi
bhavarjuna –become thou a Yogi,Oh Arjuna”.Hari
Om Tat Sat- May that be the reality!
Suggested Reading:
1. A Primer of Yoga Theory. Dr. Ananda Balayogi
Bhavanani. Dhivyananda Creations, Iyyanar Nagar,
Pondicherry. 2008.
2. A Yogic Approach to Stress. Dr Ananda Balayogi
Bhavanani.. Dhivyananda Creations, Iyyanar Nagar,
Pondicherry. (2nd edition) 2008.
3. Ancient Yoga and Modern Science. Dr. TR
8. Ann. SBV, Jan - Jun 2014;3(1)
Page 60 Annals of SBV
Anantharaman. Mushiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi. 1996
4. Ashtanga Yoga of Patanjali. Dr Swami Gitananda
Giri. Edited by Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani. Satya Press,
Pondicherry.1995
5. Culturing one’s self though Yoga. Ananda Balayogi
Bhavanani. Yoga Mimamsa 2011; 43 (1): 84-94.
6. Evolutionary quirks, yama – niyama the human
brain. Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani. Yoga Vijnana 2009; 2 (3
4): 1-8.
7. Frankly speaking.Dr Swami Gitananda Giri.Edited
by Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani.Satya Press,Pondicherry.1995
8. Srimad Bhagavad Gita. Swami Swarupananda.
Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata. 2007
9. Thiruvalluvar on Yogic Concepts. Meena
Ramanathan, Aarogya Yogalayam, Venkateswara Nagar,
Saram, Pondicherry-13.2007
10. Tirumandiram: A Tamil Scriptural Classic.
Translated by Dr. B. Natarajan, Sri Ramakrishna Math,
Chennai. 2006
11. Understanding the Yoga Darshan. An Exploration
of the Yoga Sutras of Maharishi Patanjali by Ananda Balayogi
Bhavanani. Dhivyananda Creations, Pondicherry. 2011
12. Yoga for Health and Healing. Dr Ananda Balayogi
Bhavanani. Dhivyananda Creations, Iyyanar Nagar,
Pondicherry. 2007
13. YogaTherapyNotes.DrAnandaBalayogiBhavanani.
Dhivyananda Creations, Iyyanar Nagar, Pondicherry. 2007
14. Yoga: Step by Step. Dr Swami Gitananda Giri.
Satya Press, Pondicherry. 1975