Modern Psychology Yoga diploma course ghantali thane ghatkopar

1. YOGA AND MODERN
PSYCHOLOGY
Nandini Gore
M.A. (Counseling Psychology)
Ghantali Mitra Mandal
Diploma in Yoga Education

2. What is Psychology
 Scientific study of Behavioral and
Mental Processes
 Behavior includes overt actions
 Mental process refers to all the
internal, covert activities of our minds

3. Psychology’s Goals
 Description : What is happening?
 Explanation : Why is it happening?
 Prediction : When will it happen
again?
 Control : How it can be changed?

4. WHAT IS YOGA
 Way of Life
 Awareness about our Body, Breath
and Mind
 चित्त वृत्ती निरोध – Restraining the
modifications of Chitta
 Purification of Body, Mind and
Emotions
 Journey from Gross to Subtle

5. GOALS OF YOGA
 Better control over our Body and
Breath
 Attaining Peace of Mind
 Prevention of certain diseases
 Therapeutic Use – specially for
Psychosomatic disorders
 Samadhi

6. Branches in Psychology
 Developmental Psychology
 Social Psychology
 Cognitive Psychology
 Counseling Psychology
 Abnormal/Clinical Psychology
 Criminal Psychology
 Child Psychology
 Sports psychology
 Industrial Psychology and so many…….

7. Branches in Yoga
Branches Branches
ितुरंग योग षड ंग योग
अष् ंग योग र ज योग
ज्ञ ि योग कर्म योग
भक्ती योग जप योग
ि द योग र्ंत्र योग
सहज योग And so on ......

8. Perspectives in Modern
Psychology
 Psychodynamic Perspective
 Behavioral Perspective
 Humanistic Perspective
 Bio psychological Perspective
 Cognitive Perspective
 Socio cultural Perspective
 Evolutionary Perspective

9. Behavioral Perspective
 People are affected by the
environmental stimuli to which they
happen to be exposed.
 John B. Watson
 B.F. Skinner
 Karma – Nishkam Karma – Karma
Yoga

10. Humanistic Perspective
 People have free will - the freedom to
choose their own destiny
 Emphasis is on human potential - the
ability of each person to become the
best person he or she could be
 Abraham Maslow
 Carl Rogers
 र्ैत्री करूण र्ुददत उपेक्ष .....

11. Bio Psychological Perspective
 Human behavior - a direct result of
events in the body
 Hormones, brain chemicals, tumors
and diseases - biological causes of
behavior and mental events
 Yogic Diet – its impact (आह र शुद्धौ सत्त्व
शुद्धी – सत्व शुद्धौ ध्रुव स्र्ृनत...)
 Effect of Asanas & Stretching on Brain
Chemicals and Neurotransmitter level

12. Cognitive Perspective
 People change and grow in the way
they know, understand, and think
about the world - affect their behavior
 Jean Piaget
 ववतक म दहंस दय: कृ तक ररत िुर्ोददत
लोभक्रोधर्ोह पूवमक र्ृदू र्ध्य चधर् त्र
दुख ज्ञ ि िन्त फल ाः

13. Socio Cultural Perspective
 Social perspective – study of groups,
social roles and rules of social
actions, and relationships
 Cultural perspective – study of
cultural norms, values and
expectations.
 Culture and society has impact on the
behavior of people.
 Lev Vygotsky

14. Evolutionary Perspective
 Behavior is the result of genetic
inheritance from our ancestors - traits
and behavior are inherited through
natural selection
 Influenced by early work of Charles
Darwin, Konrad Lorenz

15. Psychodynamic Perspective
 Behavior throughout life is motivated
by inner, unconscious forces,
stemming from childhood, over which
we have little control
 Sigmund Freud
 Erik Erikson

16. Sigmund Freud
 Born in 1856
 Viennese physician
 Europe – Victorian age
 Time of sexual repression
 Came to believe that there were
layers of consciousness in the mind

17. Divisions of mind
 The Preconscious mind – level where all
of the information, events, concepts and
thoughts that a person is not aware of at
the moment are kept
 Information can be easily brought into
conscious awareness - when the need
arises. (Long term memory)
 The Conscious mind – everything which a
person is aware at any given moment
 Information is held while it is being used
(Short term memory)

18. The Unconscious mind
 Most important determining factor in
human behavior and personality.
 Remains hidden at all times – surfacing in
symbolic form in dreams and behavior
 Has many times more memories than in
the preconscious and the conscious.
 In spite of determined efforts, it is difficult
to bring memory out from here.
 Freudian slip – tendency to reveal oneself
through errors of speech

19. Divisions of the Personality
 Id –If it feels good,do it (Pleasure
principle)
 Ego – The executive director
 Superego – The moral Watchdog

20. Id
 Largely unconscious, amoral part
of the personality
 Exists at birth containing all basic
biological drives such as hunger,
thirst, self preservation and sex
 The need for immediate
gratification
 Like the kid, is intolerant of tension

21. Superego
 Opposite of the id
 Rigid conscience that internalizes
the rules & guidelines of a person’s
world
 Important contributors – parents,
teachers, society, racial & cultural
traditions
 Perfectionistic, discriminating
between good & bad, right & wrong

22. Ego
 Not present at birth but evolves as
the baby realizes its separateness
from the mother
 Aware of the pressures of the id and
the constraints of the superego
 Mediator & organizer guided by the
reality principle
 Becomes differentiated from the id as
the child develops

23. Dreams
 Dreams, symptoms and errors all
reflect unconscious
 Are meaningful and Dream Analysis is
the most important way to
understand people
 Are viewed as fulfilling wishes or
impulses that could not be allowed
into awareness

24. Defense Mechanisms
 People face anxiety that results from
conflict between internal drives
and social constraints
 To deal with this, usually learned
during early childhood and developed
to deal with inner conflict anxiety etc
 Healthy – Altruism, Humor,
Suppression
 Unhealthy – Repression,
Somatization

25. Goals of Psychoanalysis
 Mature control over irrational and
harmful impulses and instincts
 Enriching the nature and variety of the ego
defense mechanisms to make them more
effective, mature and adaptable
 Developing perspectives grounded in an
accurate and clear assessment of reality
 Developing capacity for healthy and
rewarding intimate relationships
 Reducing the perfectionism, rigidity
and punitiveness of the superego

26. Application
 People with Transference neurosis
and not with people with psychosis

27. Indian Psychology
 Ved, Upanishads, आस्स्तक and ि स्स्तक
दशमि
 Scriptures such as Yogasutra,
Kautilya’s Arthashastra, Ramayan,
Mahabharat, Bhagvadgeeta etc…
 Four Purusharthas – Dharma, Artha,
Kaam, Moksha
 Four Ashramas – Brahmacharya,
Gruhastha, Vanaprastha, Sanyasa

28. Contd.
 However, there was no independent
science of psychology in ancient and
medieval India

29. Personality according to Indian
thinkers
 Comprises of discrete but interdependent and
interactive shells
 Five shells or sheaths (Panchakoshas)
 Annamaya – Gross physical body
 Pranamaya – The subtle body
 Manomaya – The Perceptual body
 Vijnyanmaya – The Conscious body
 Anandamaya – The Transcendental body
 Atman – beyond these five
 Trigunas –
 Sattva (Knowledge),
 Rajas (Action), and
 Tamas (Inertia)

30. The states of consciousness
 Jagratavastha – Wakeful state – State of
normal consciousness
 Swapnavastha – Dream state – concerned
with the subtler aspects of human
knowledge and experience
 Prajnavastha – Dichotomy disappears in
super consciousness - Pure consciousness
of divinity
 Turiyavastha – highest state – nature of
the atman is experienced in this tranquil,
steady & pure state of super consciousness

31. Comparison
 Base – Philosophical - Psychological
 Culture – Individualistic vs. Collective
 Type of family – Joint vs. nuclear
 Idealism – No idealims
 Sacrifice, Service to others
 Without hurting others, try to make yourself happy and
satisfy your own needs
 First make others happy and feel happy in serving
others.
 Emphasis on Punarjanma, sanskar, karma etc.
 Emphasis on thoughts, emotions, behavior etc.
 Final goal is Samadhi – Self Actualization
 Final goal is Control – How the undesired behavior can
be changed to desired behavior by using scientific
methods.

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