Flora is boiling water on the stove. She turns the dial up to high, causing the water to boil vigorously with large, quickly forming bubbles. She then turns the dial down to low, causing the water to boil gently with smaller, slowly forming bubbles. Flora wonders if the boiling temperature changes with the dial settings. The correct answer is C - the boiling temperature remains the same at 100 degrees Celsius regardless of the dial setting.
Mia and Devon are having a summer party and need to make two sizes of ice. They wonder if the temperature at which water freezes is affected by the size of the ice. Small ice cubes freeze at a lower temperature than large blocks of ice. This is because it takes more energy to freeze a larger volume of water, so large blocks of ice freeze at a slightly higher temperature than small ice cubes.
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
BURNISHING PROCESS(SUPER FINISHING PROCESS)Johns Joseph
THIS PRESENTATION IS ABOUT THE BURNISHING PROCESS.BURNISHING IS A SUPER FINISHING PROCESS.WHICH IS A VERY IMPORTANT PROCESS IN PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PRODUCT.THE PROCESS IS EXPLAINED IN SIMPLE WORDS AND IN UNDERSTANDABLE FORMAT. THE BURNISHING PROCESS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN INDUSTRYS
1) Dalton's law of partial pressures states that in a mixture of ideal gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
2) The partial pressure of a gas is defined as the pressure that gas would exert if it alone occupied the entire volume at that temperature.
3) According to the ideal gas law, the partial pressure of each gas can be calculated using the formula Pk=(nkRT/V), where Pk is the partial pressure of the kth gas, nk is the number of moles of the kth gas, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature, and V is the total volume.
The document discusses melting points and boiling points of substances. The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, and the boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Water melts at 0°C and boils at 100°C. Several examples are provided to illustrate the state of water - liquid, solid, or gas - at different temperatures using the melting and boiling points as a reference. Tables also show the melting points, boiling points, and states of chlorine, iodine, fluorine and bromine at various temperatures.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure states that in a gas mixture, each gas exerts its own independent pressure, called its partial pressure, and the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. The partial pressure of a gas depends on the number of moles of gas, the volume of the container, and temperature, but not on the identity of the other gases present. Dalton's Law allows calculation of the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture from the total pressure and mole fractions of the gases.
Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. The document provides an explanation of Dalton's law, including definitions of key terms like partial pressure. It also provides several examples and practice problems that apply Dalton's law to calculate total pressure, partial pressures, or missing values in gas mixtures.
Flora is boiling water on the stove. She turns the dial up to high, causing the water to boil vigorously with large, quickly forming bubbles. She then turns the dial down to low, causing the water to boil gently with smaller, slowly forming bubbles. Flora wonders if the boiling temperature changes with the dial settings. The correct answer is C - the boiling temperature remains the same at 100 degrees Celsius regardless of the dial setting.
Mia and Devon are having a summer party and need to make two sizes of ice. They wonder if the temperature at which water freezes is affected by the size of the ice. Small ice cubes freeze at a lower temperature than large blocks of ice. This is because it takes more energy to freeze a larger volume of water, so large blocks of ice freeze at a slightly higher temperature than small ice cubes.
This slides are about inline injection pump and calibration of the pumps .The working of the pump is described in simple words and with examples of daily usable devices.
BURNISHING PROCESS(SUPER FINISHING PROCESS)Johns Joseph
THIS PRESENTATION IS ABOUT THE BURNISHING PROCESS.BURNISHING IS A SUPER FINISHING PROCESS.WHICH IS A VERY IMPORTANT PROCESS IN PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PRODUCT.THE PROCESS IS EXPLAINED IN SIMPLE WORDS AND IN UNDERSTANDABLE FORMAT. THE BURNISHING PROCESS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN INDUSTRYS
1) Dalton's law of partial pressures states that in a mixture of ideal gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
2) The partial pressure of a gas is defined as the pressure that gas would exert if it alone occupied the entire volume at that temperature.
3) According to the ideal gas law, the partial pressure of each gas can be calculated using the formula Pk=(nkRT/V), where Pk is the partial pressure of the kth gas, nk is the number of moles of the kth gas, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature, and V is the total volume.
The document discusses melting points and boiling points of substances. The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, and the boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Water melts at 0°C and boils at 100°C. Several examples are provided to illustrate the state of water - liquid, solid, or gas - at different temperatures using the melting and boiling points as a reference. Tables also show the melting points, boiling points, and states of chlorine, iodine, fluorine and bromine at various temperatures.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure states that in a gas mixture, each gas exerts its own independent pressure, called its partial pressure, and the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. The partial pressure of a gas depends on the number of moles of gas, the volume of the container, and temperature, but not on the identity of the other gases present. Dalton's Law allows calculation of the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture from the total pressure and mole fractions of the gases.
Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. The document provides an explanation of Dalton's law, including definitions of key terms like partial pressure. It also provides several examples and practice problems that apply Dalton's law to calculate total pressure, partial pressures, or missing values in gas mixtures.
Melting Point determination- Acetanilide, Benzoic Acid and Salicylic Acidmariela sanota
This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the melting points of acetanilide, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. Small samples of each compound were placed in sealed capillary tubes and heated in an oil bath. The temperatures at which each sample began melting and fully melted were recorded. Salicylic acid had the highest melting point between 140-150°C, while acetanilide had the lowest between 105-114°C. Melting points can be used to identify compounds and assess purity, as pure substances have sharp melting points over a narrow range.
John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist born in 1776. He formulated the Law of Partial Pressures in 1801, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases in a container is equal to the sum of the pressures of each gas if they occupied the container alone at the same temperature. Dalton's law is useful for calculating the pressure of individual gases in a mixture based on their partial pressures and the total pressure. It can be applied, for example, to find the air pressure inside a bottle by subtracting the pressure of water vapor from the total pressure.
This document discusses the properties and behavior of gases. It defines several key concepts:
- Gases can be compressed or expanded depending on pressure and will exert an even pressure on their container.
- The kinetic molecular theory of gases states that gas particles are in constant, random motion and collide elastically with each other and container walls.
- Gas laws like Boyle's, Charles', and the combined gas law mathematically relate the pressure, volume, temperature and amount of a gas.
- The ideal gas law combines these relationships into one equation that can be used to calculate gas properties under any conditions.
- Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions contain
Slideshow with 4 short video imbedded showing some properties of several gases that can be generated in the elementary lab as demonstrations.
Would very much like to hear from anyone who downloads this to learn if the imbedded videos play.
Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. It provided a rational explanation for Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes and indicated that elemental gases like hydrogen and chlorine exist as diatomic molecules. Avogadro's law also established a method for determining molecular weights of gases and helped develop the kinetic molecular theory. According to the law, if the amount of gas is increased or decreased, the volume will change proportionally.
This document provides an overview of key concepts relating to gases, including:
- Characteristics of gases such as expanding to fill their container and being highly compressible.
- Definitions and units used to measure gas pressure, such as pascals, bars, mmHg, and atmospheres.
- Laws describing the behavior of gases, including Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressures, and the ideal gas equation.
- The kinetic molecular theory which models the behavior of gas particles at the molecular level.
The document discusses the gas laws and properties of gases. It begins by describing the composition of Earth's atmosphere, which is primarily nitrogen and oxygen. It then discusses that gases have mass and low densities compared to liquids and solids. The document outlines four variables that describe gases - pressure, volume, temperature, and amount. It explains concepts such as gas compressibility, units of measurement for gases, and the kinetic molecular theory which describes gas particles as being in constant random motion.
This document discusses the properties of gases and the gas laws. It explains that gases have higher energy, lower density, and flow to fill their container compared to liquids and solids. The document also describes how temperature and pressure are measured, noting that pressure is measured using a barometer that reads the height of mercury. It then explains the gas laws of Boyle's Law and Charles' Law, which describe how the volume of a gas changes with pressure and temperature respectively when other variables are held constant.
This document provides an overview of several gas laws:
- Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature.
- Charles' Law explains that the volume of a gas is proportional to the Kelvin temperature if pressure remains constant.
- The Combined Gas Law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws to relate the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.
- According to Avogadro's Law, equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles.
The document discusses fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines. It describes the key components and functions of fuel injection systems. The systems work to accurately meter and inject fuel into the combustion chamber at precise timings and rates to achieve proper mixing and combustion. Common components include the fuel tank, feed pump, injection pump, injector nozzle, and governor. The injection pump pressurizes and meters the fuel supply, while the nozzle atomizes the fuel into fine droplets for rapid mixing in the chamber.
1. This document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and properties of ideal gases. It introduces concepts such as average kinetic energy, Maxwell speed distribution curves, and the ideal gas law.
2. Several gas laws are described, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, and Dalton's law of partial pressures. Standard temperature and pressure is defined.
3. Deviations from ideal gas behavior occur at high pressures due to intermolecular forces and the non-negligible volume of gas particles. Real gases behave more ideally at lower pressures.
Chem II - Daltons Law (Liquids and Solids)Lumen Learning
1) According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
2) The partial pressure of each gas depends only on its mole fraction in the mixture.
3) For a mixture of gases with equal mole fractions, each gas contributes equally to the total pressure.
Electronic fuel injection systems use an electric fuel pump and pressure, rather than engine vacuum, to spray fuel into the engine intake manifold or combustion chambers. This allows for more precise fuel delivery and improved engine performance compared to carbureted systems. Modern systems are computer-controlled and use various sensors to monitor engine operating conditions and adjust fuel delivery accordingly through fuel injectors.
Optimization of Machining Parameters of 20MnCr5 Steel in Turning Operation u...IJMER
Now-a-days increasing the productivity and the quality of the machined parts are the main
challenges of metal cutting industry during turning processes. Optimization methods in turning
processes, considered being a vital role for continual improvement of output quality in product and
processes include modeling of input-output and in process parameters relationship and determination of
optimal cutting conditions. This paper present on Experimental study to optimize the effects of cutting
Parameters on Surface finish and MRR of 20MnCr5 Steel alloy work material by employing Taguchi
techniques. The orthogonal array, signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to study
the performance characteristics in turning operation. Five parameters were chosen as process variables:
Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth of cut, Hardness of cutting Tool, Cutting environment (wet and dry). The
experimentation plan is designed using Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) and Minitab statistical
software is used. Optimal cutting parameters for minimum surface roughness (SR) and maximum material
removal rate were obtained. Finally, the relationship between factors and the performance measures
were developed by using multiple regression analysis
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Melting Point determination- Acetanilide, Benzoic Acid and Salicylic Acidmariela sanota
This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the melting points of acetanilide, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. Small samples of each compound were placed in sealed capillary tubes and heated in an oil bath. The temperatures at which each sample began melting and fully melted were recorded. Salicylic acid had the highest melting point between 140-150°C, while acetanilide had the lowest between 105-114°C. Melting points can be used to identify compounds and assess purity, as pure substances have sharp melting points over a narrow range.
John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist born in 1776. He formulated the Law of Partial Pressures in 1801, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases in a container is equal to the sum of the pressures of each gas if they occupied the container alone at the same temperature. Dalton's law is useful for calculating the pressure of individual gases in a mixture based on their partial pressures and the total pressure. It can be applied, for example, to find the air pressure inside a bottle by subtracting the pressure of water vapor from the total pressure.
This document discusses the properties and behavior of gases. It defines several key concepts:
- Gases can be compressed or expanded depending on pressure and will exert an even pressure on their container.
- The kinetic molecular theory of gases states that gas particles are in constant, random motion and collide elastically with each other and container walls.
- Gas laws like Boyle's, Charles', and the combined gas law mathematically relate the pressure, volume, temperature and amount of a gas.
- The ideal gas law combines these relationships into one equation that can be used to calculate gas properties under any conditions.
- Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions contain
Slideshow with 4 short video imbedded showing some properties of several gases that can be generated in the elementary lab as demonstrations.
Would very much like to hear from anyone who downloads this to learn if the imbedded videos play.
Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. It provided a rational explanation for Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes and indicated that elemental gases like hydrogen and chlorine exist as diatomic molecules. Avogadro's law also established a method for determining molecular weights of gases and helped develop the kinetic molecular theory. According to the law, if the amount of gas is increased or decreased, the volume will change proportionally.
This document provides an overview of key concepts relating to gases, including:
- Characteristics of gases such as expanding to fill their container and being highly compressible.
- Definitions and units used to measure gas pressure, such as pascals, bars, mmHg, and atmospheres.
- Laws describing the behavior of gases, including Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressures, and the ideal gas equation.
- The kinetic molecular theory which models the behavior of gas particles at the molecular level.
The document discusses the gas laws and properties of gases. It begins by describing the composition of Earth's atmosphere, which is primarily nitrogen and oxygen. It then discusses that gases have mass and low densities compared to liquids and solids. The document outlines four variables that describe gases - pressure, volume, temperature, and amount. It explains concepts such as gas compressibility, units of measurement for gases, and the kinetic molecular theory which describes gas particles as being in constant random motion.
This document discusses the properties of gases and the gas laws. It explains that gases have higher energy, lower density, and flow to fill their container compared to liquids and solids. The document also describes how temperature and pressure are measured, noting that pressure is measured using a barometer that reads the height of mercury. It then explains the gas laws of Boyle's Law and Charles' Law, which describe how the volume of a gas changes with pressure and temperature respectively when other variables are held constant.
This document provides an overview of several gas laws:
- Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature.
- Charles' Law explains that the volume of a gas is proportional to the Kelvin temperature if pressure remains constant.
- The Combined Gas Law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws to relate the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.
- According to Avogadro's Law, equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles.
The document discusses fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines. It describes the key components and functions of fuel injection systems. The systems work to accurately meter and inject fuel into the combustion chamber at precise timings and rates to achieve proper mixing and combustion. Common components include the fuel tank, feed pump, injection pump, injector nozzle, and governor. The injection pump pressurizes and meters the fuel supply, while the nozzle atomizes the fuel into fine droplets for rapid mixing in the chamber.
1. This document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and properties of ideal gases. It introduces concepts such as average kinetic energy, Maxwell speed distribution curves, and the ideal gas law.
2. Several gas laws are described, including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, and Dalton's law of partial pressures. Standard temperature and pressure is defined.
3. Deviations from ideal gas behavior occur at high pressures due to intermolecular forces and the non-negligible volume of gas particles. Real gases behave more ideally at lower pressures.
Chem II - Daltons Law (Liquids and Solids)Lumen Learning
1) According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
2) The partial pressure of each gas depends only on its mole fraction in the mixture.
3) For a mixture of gases with equal mole fractions, each gas contributes equally to the total pressure.
Electronic fuel injection systems use an electric fuel pump and pressure, rather than engine vacuum, to spray fuel into the engine intake manifold or combustion chambers. This allows for more precise fuel delivery and improved engine performance compared to carbureted systems. Modern systems are computer-controlled and use various sensors to monitor engine operating conditions and adjust fuel delivery accordingly through fuel injectors.
Optimization of Machining Parameters of 20MnCr5 Steel in Turning Operation u...IJMER
Now-a-days increasing the productivity and the quality of the machined parts are the main
challenges of metal cutting industry during turning processes. Optimization methods in turning
processes, considered being a vital role for continual improvement of output quality in product and
processes include modeling of input-output and in process parameters relationship and determination of
optimal cutting conditions. This paper present on Experimental study to optimize the effects of cutting
Parameters on Surface finish and MRR of 20MnCr5 Steel alloy work material by employing Taguchi
techniques. The orthogonal array, signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to study
the performance characteristics in turning operation. Five parameters were chosen as process variables:
Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth of cut, Hardness of cutting Tool, Cutting environment (wet and dry). The
experimentation plan is designed using Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) and Minitab statistical
software is used. Optimal cutting parameters for minimum surface roughness (SR) and maximum material
removal rate were obtained. Finally, the relationship between factors and the performance measures
were developed by using multiple regression analysis
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6. WATER BOILS AT 76OC ON MT.
EVEREST AT 0.333 ATMOSPHERE
PRESSURE
7.
8.
9.
10. • PRESSURE COOKER WORKS BY KEEPING THE VOLUME CONSTANT AND
INCREASING THE PRESSURE
• AS THE PRESSURE RISES, THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER AND STEAM
INSIDE THE PRESSURE COOKER ALSO RISES ABOVE THE NORMAL 100ºC
(212ºF) BOILING POINT TEMPERATURE.
• HIGHER THE PRESSURE, THE SHORTER THE COOKING TIME.