The document discusses different types of oils including organic oils from plants and animals, mineral oils from fossil fuels, and refined versus unrefined olive oils. It provides details on extra virgin olive oil production and health benefits. Cooking, fuel, and lubrication are listed as some of the main applications of oils.

1. REGARDING OIL
Anujin Myangankhuu
12.01.2015

2. An oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at
ambient temperatures and is both:
 Hydrophobic ( immiscible with water, literally "water fearing”)
 Lipophilic ( miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving").
Oil has a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable
and slippery.

3. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may
be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses.
-Oils may be: -
Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies as purifying
agents.
Animal,
Vegetable,
Petrochemical in origin,
Volatile or
non-volatile

4. TYPES
 Organic oils
Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms
through natural metabolic processes. Lipid is the scientific term for the fatty
acids, steroids and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while
oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other
than lipids, including proteins, waxes and alkaloids.
 Mineral oils
Crude oil, or petroleum, and its refined components, collectively termed petrochemicals, are
crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient fossilized organic
materials, such as zooplankton and algae, which geochemical processes convert into oil.
Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil"
because its organic origin is remote, and because it is obtained in the vicinity of rocks,
underground traps, and sands. Mineral oil also refers to several specific distillates of crude
oil.

5. APPLICATIONS
1. Cooking oil
2. Cosmetics oil
3. Religio oil
4. Painting oil
5. Heat transfer
6. Lubrication
7. Fuel
8. Chemical feetstock

6. Cooking oil
 Several edible vegetable and animal oils, and also fats, are used for various
purposes in cooking and food preparation. In particular, many foods are
fried in oil much hotter than boiling water. Oils are also used for flavoring
and for modifying the texture of foods (e.g. Stir Fry).
 Cooking oils are derived either from: -Animal fat, as butter
-Lard and other types, or
-Plant oils ( olive, maize, sunflower and
many other spicies)

7. OLIVE oil
 Olive oil” is how we refer to the oil obtained from the fruit of olive trees.
People have been eating olive oil for thousands of years and it is now more
popular than ever, thanks to its many proven health benefits and its culinary
usefulness.
 Olives can only grow in certain regions, yet millions of people are involved in
olive oil production throughout the world and the culture of olive oil is rich
and vital.
 Olive oil is a fat obtained from the olive (the fruit of Olea europaea;
family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.

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After olives are picked and washed, they’re
crushed – sometimes between two big stones,
but now more commonly by steel blades. The
resulting paste is stirred to release the oil
droplets in a process called maceration,
before being spun in a centrifuge to pull out
the oil and water. After the water is removed,
what is left is olive oil.

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10. REFINED OLIVE OILS
Only about 30 percent of all olive oil production ends at extracting the
oil from the olives. Refining involved using solvents and high heat to
neutralize the tastes of the oil. This allows producers to use olives that
are not in the best condition, and blend from oils from a wide variety of
sources (even countries) because the bad tastes resulting from oxidized
olives and the mass production process are chemically removed. When
you see “Pure Olive Oil” at the store, or a bottle that says simply “Olive
Oil,” these are refined.

11. UNREFINED OLIVE OILS
Unrefined olive oils do not undergo chemical refining.
The process goes no further than extraction and bottling.
Producers of unrefined olive oils need to use fruit that is in good
condition and carefully manage various factors, because the oil
will not be treated to chemically hide bad tastes that would result
from oxidized olives or some other contamination.
In unrefined olive oils
extra virgin olive oils
virgin olive oils

12. Extra virgin olive oil
 Extra virgin is the highest quality and most expensive olive oil classification.
It should have no defects and a flavor of fresh olives.
 In chemical terms extra virgin olive oil is described as having a free acidity,
expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.8 grams per 100 grams and a
peroxide value of less than 20 milliequivalent O2. It must be produced
entirely by mechanical means without the use of any solvents, and under
temperatures that will not degrade the oil (less than 86°F, 30°C).

13. WHY SHOULD I USE OLIVE OIL?
Olive oil is a monounsaturated fat and the cornerstone of the
famous Mediterranean diet. Most people choose olive oil
because of its many proven benefits to human health. Extra virgin
olive oils offer even more: a world of fruity-bitter tastes that
chefs are capturing to elevates dishes to a level they never
thought possible.

14. OLIVE OIL HEALTH BENEFITS
Studies of the health benefits of olive oil consumption fill the
pages of medical journals around the world. Heart disease,
diabetes, Alzheimer's and cancers are among the long list
ailments that can be avoided and conditions that can be
improved by a diet that includes olive oil.

15. Seed oil
 A seed oil is a vegetable oil that is obtained from
the seed (endosperm) of some plant, rather than
the fruit (pericarp).
 Most vegetable oils are seed oils. Some common
examples are sunflower oil, canola oil, and sesame oil.
NOT: Some important vegetable oils are not seed oils.

16.  Seed Preparation Mainly Soybeans for Direct Solvent Extraction (without
Dehulling)
 The prime task of any seed preparation plant is to process seeds in such a
way that under normal circumstances, the solvent extraction plant can remove
the oil in an economical way. The basic technological steps used in today’s
modern and highly efficient oil mills comprises the following steps: