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Refining_Process Refining_Process Refining_Process.ppt
- 1. Diesel Diesel Gas Oil Gas Oil CrudeOil Crude Oil Bitumen Bitumen Roads Long Chain Molecules Long Chain Molecules Gas treatment Gas treatment Sulphur Sulphur Recovery Recovery Sulphur Sulphur H H2 2S S H H2 2S S Waxy Distillate Waxy Distillate Butane Butane De-asphalting De-asphalting Asphalt Asphalt Fuel oil Fuel oil De-asphalted oil DAO De-asphalted oil DAO Desulphurisation Desulphurisation Kerosine Kerosine Shorter Chain Molecules Shorter Chain Molecules Hydrogen Hydrogen Manufacturing Manufacturing Unit Unit Hyrdrocracker Hyrdrocracker Hydrogen Hydrogen High Vacuum High Vacuum Separation Separation Vacuum Gas Oil Vacuum Gas Oil Long Residue Long Residue Distillation Distillation Diagram of Refinery Units Diagram of Refinery Units Platformer Platformer Petrol Petrol
- 2. CDU1 CDU2 HVU1 BBU HVU2 BDU HCU HMU HDS2 Split HDT Plat DePr HDS1 Fuel Gas GasOil Blend Mogas Blend FuelOil Blend RG RG H2 RG H2 RG H2 RG H2 RG Natural Gas Syngas andReformates Condensates and Low Sulphur Crudes High Sulphur Crudes Imported Residues High Sulphur Crudes Low Sulphur Crudes Imported Residues Naphtha Kero LGO HGO Long Residue Naphtha Kero LGO HGO Long Residue Sulphur Refinery Gas Regular Mogas Premium Mogas Kero / Avtur CO2 Automotive Gasoils and Marine Light Fuel Oil Bunkers Heavy Fuel Oil Refinery Fuel Bitumen 80/100 Bitumen 180/200 Bitumen 45/55 The Process Units The Process Units
- 3. GASOILS GASOILS 32% 32% JET/ KERO JET/ KERO 14% 14% MOGAS MOGAS 30% 30% FUELAND LOSS FUEL AND LOSS 7% 7% FUEL OILS FUEL OILS 17% 17% Approx 7 Barrels to the Tonne Approx 7 Barrels to the Tonne A Typical Crude Barrel A Typical Crude Barrel
- 4. Distiller Units Distiller Units Platformer Hydrocracker GasoilHydrotreater Kerosine Hydrodesulphuriser Depropaniser Hydrogen Manufacturing unit High Vaccuum Unit Butane Deasphalting unit Bitumen Unit Sulphur Recovery Product Blending Crude Crude Products out Products out The Process Units The Process Units
- 5. Distillation Distillation • The initialseparation takes place The initial separation takes place in the distillation Column in the distillation Column • The Crude is first heated in a furnace The Crude is first heated in a furnace to a temperature of 360 to a temperature of 360 o o C C • It enters the column and vapours and It enters the column and vapours and liquids separate liquids separate • The light vapours rise to the top whilst The light vapours rise to the top whilst the heavier liquids fall to the bottom the heavier liquids fall to the bottom
- 6. Furnace Furnace Distillation Column Distillation Column Crude Crude Kerosene Kerosene Gases+Tops + Naphtha Gases +Tops + Naphtha Light Gasoil Light Gasoil Heavy Gasoil Heavy Gasoil Long Residue Long Residue
- 7. Crude Lower Boiling Lower Boiling HigherBoiling Higher Boiling Distillation Column Distillation Column
- 8.
- 9. Hydrogen Hydrogen Under Pressure andHeat Under Pressure and Heat Reaction takes place and Reaction takes place and Hydrogen bonds with Hydrogen bonds with Sulphur to form H Sulphur to form H2 2s s Desulphurisation Process Desulphurisation Process Reactor Reactor Catalyst Catalyst Sour Tops + Naphtha Sour Tops + Naphtha Sour Gasoil Sour Gasoil Sour Kerosene Sour Kerosene Desulphurised Kerosene Desulphurised Kerosene Desulphurised Tops + Naphtha Desulphurised Tops + Naphtha Desulphurised Gasoil Desulphurised Gasoil H2S H2S
- 10. • Increases lowOctane Naphtha to high Increases low Octane Naphtha to high Octane Platformate Octane Platformate • Uses Heat and Pressure in a Reactor Uses Heat and Pressure in a Reactor • Hydrogen is evolved in the process Hydrogen is evolved in the process • Platinum Catalyst assists the process Platinum Catalyst assists the process PLATFORMING PLATFORMING
- 11.
- 12. High Octane High Octane Platformate Platformate Naphtha Naphtha FromSplitter From Splitter Hydrogen Hydrogen Recycle Recycle Hydrogen Hydrogen To Users To Users Reactor Reactor Furnace Furnace Separator Separator 50 OCTANE 50 OCTANE 100 OCTANE 100 OCTANE 520°C 520°C 18 barg 18 barg 515°C 515°C 40°C 40°C E E Platformer Unit Platformer Unit Blending Tank Blending Tank
- 13. High Vacuum High Vacuum & & BitumenUnits Bitumen Units
- 14. Bitumen Feed Tanks BitumenFeed Tanks Long Residue Long Residue High Vacuum Unit - HVU 1 High Vacuum Unit - HVU 1 Vacuum Vacuum Gases Gases Vacuum Vacuum Gas Oil Gas Oil 180 Pen 180 Pen Bitumen Bitumen
- 15. To Hydrocracker To Hydrocracker forfurthur Processing for furthur Processing Gases Gases Vacuum Vacuum Gas Oil Gas Oil 180 Pen 180 Pen Bitumen Bitumen Blowing Blowing Column Column To Refinery Gas System To Refinery Gas System Truck Loading and shipping Truck Loading and shipping 45/55 Pen 45/55 Pen Bitumen Bitumen
- 16.
- 17. What is Hydrocracking?? What is Hydrocracking ?? Production of Production of high quality light products high quality light products from heavy oils, from heavy oils, in the presence of Hydrogen. in the presence of Hydrogen.
- 18. Hydrocracker Overview Hydrocracker Overview HCU LongResidue 5500 t/d HVU VGO 200 t/d 3200 t/d Waxy Distilate BDU Asphalt 900 t/d Asphalt 10 t/d 70 t/d Butane 145 t/d Plant gas Adip gas Steam 1400 t/d Hydrogen 140 t/d Tops/Naphtha Gasoil Gas 120 t/d 1100 t/d 2000 t/d 900 t/d Kerosine Short Residue 1900 t/d DAO 1000 t/d Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit Hydrocracker Hydrocracker High Vacuum Unit High Vacuum Unit BUTANE DE-ASPHALTING UNIT BUTANE DE-ASPHALTING UNIT
- 19. Sulphur Recovery Sulphur Recovery Unit Unit ConvertsH Converts H2 2S into Sulphur S into Sulphur For use by Fertiliser Companies For use by Fertiliser Companies
- 20. Sulphur Pit Sulphur Pit H H2 2SFeed S Feed Main Furnace Main Furnace Coalescer Coalescer Stack Stack Line Burner Line Burner Incinerator Incinerator Reactor Reactor Reactor Reactor Waste Heat Waste Heat Boiler Boiler Line Burner Line Burner Fuel Gas Fuel Gas Line Burner Line Burner Fuel Gas Liquid Sulphur Liquid Sulphur 59% 59% A A A A B B C C D D C C B B D D Liquid Sulphur Liquid Sulphur Liquid Sulphur Liquid Sulphur Sulphur Recovery Unit Sulphur Recovery Unit
- 21.
- 22. Reactor Reactor Waste Heat Boiler WasteHeat Boiler Upper Quench Column Upper Quench Column To SWS To SWS Quench Water Quench Water Cooler Cooler Lower Quench Column Lower Quench Column Blower Blower KO KO Drum Drum SCOT Feed Gas SCOT Feed Gas SCOT Burner SCOT Burner FG FG Air Air SCOT Unit SCOT Unit Absorber Colum (ADIP) Absorber Colum (ADIP) To SRU To SRU KO KO Drum Drum Lean ADIP Lean ADIP Semi Rich ADIP Semi Rich ADIP
Editor's Notes
- #16 SLIDE 1. Hydro-cracking INTRODUCTION Basic presentation Interactive Ask Questions If anything is not understood - ask.
- #17 SLIDE 2. Hydro-cracking What is Hydro-cracking?? Hydro-cracking is a process that UPGRADES heavy oil, into lighter oils, in a Hydrogen rich atmosphere. ------------------------------------ Produces high quality, light products from heavy oils, in the presence of hydrogen.
- #18 SLIDE 9. HCU Overview We take this LONG RESIDUE, and pass it through a couple of downstream Units, to extract oils, that provide us with feed for the Hydro-Cracker Unit. One of these units is called a HIGH VACUUM UNIT and the other is called a BUTANE De-ASPHALTING UNIT. -------------------------------------------------------------- As has been already mentioned,the Hydro-cracking takes place in a HYDROGEN RICH ATMOSPHERE, so we need a supply of Hydrogen, of high quality and purity. This is provided by another unit called a HYDROGEN MANUFACTURING UNIT. Lets now have a look at these 3 Units in a bit more detail.