Overview of the Recommender system or recommendation system. RFM Concepts in brief. Collaborative Filtering in Item and User based. Content-based Recommendation also described.Product Association Recommender System. Stereotype Recommendation described with advantage and limitations.Customer Lifetime. Recommender System Analysis and Solving Cycle.
Recommender Systems represent one of the most widespread and impactful applications of predictive machine learning models.
Amazon, YouTube, Netflix, Facebook and many other companies generate an important fraction of their revenues thanks to their ability to model and accurately predict users ratings and preferences.
In this presentation we cover the following points:
→ introduction to recommender systems
→ working with explicit vs implicit feedback
→ content-based vs collaborative filtering approaches
→ user-based and item-item methods
→ machine learning and deep learning models
→ pros & cons of the methods: scalability, accuracy, explainability
What really are recommendations engines nowadays?
This presentation introduces the foundations of recommendation algorithms, and covers common approaches as well as some of the most advanced techniques. Although more focused on efficiency than theoretical properties, basics of matrix algebra and optimization-based machine learning are used through the presentation.
Table of Contents:
1. Collaborative Filtering
1.1 User-User
1.2 Item-Item
1.3 User-Item
* Matrix Factorization
* Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)
* Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
* Alternating Least Square (ALS)
* Deep Learning
2. Content Extraction
* Item-Item Similarities
* Deep Content Extraction: NLP, CNN, LSTM
3. Hybrid Models
4. In Production
4.1 Problematics
4.2 Solutions
4.3 Tools
Recommender Systems represent one of the most widespread and impactful applications of predictive machine learning models.
Amazon, YouTube, Netflix, Facebook and many other companies generate an important fraction of their revenues thanks to their ability to model and accurately predict users ratings and preferences.
In this presentation we cover the following points:
→ introduction to recommender systems
→ working with explicit vs implicit feedback
→ content-based vs collaborative filtering approaches
→ user-based and item-item methods
→ machine learning and deep learning models
→ pros & cons of the methods: scalability, accuracy, explainability
What really are recommendations engines nowadays?
This presentation introduces the foundations of recommendation algorithms, and covers common approaches as well as some of the most advanced techniques. Although more focused on efficiency than theoretical properties, basics of matrix algebra and optimization-based machine learning are used through the presentation.
Table of Contents:
1. Collaborative Filtering
1.1 User-User
1.2 Item-Item
1.3 User-Item
* Matrix Factorization
* Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)
* Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
* Alternating Least Square (ALS)
* Deep Learning
2. Content Extraction
* Item-Item Similarities
* Deep Content Extraction: NLP, CNN, LSTM
3. Hybrid Models
4. In Production
4.1 Problematics
4.2 Solutions
4.3 Tools
Recommendation systems, also known as recommendation engines, are a type of information system whose purpose is to suggest, or recommend items or actions to users.
The recommendations may consist of:
-> retail items (movies, books, etc.) or
-> actions, such as following other users in a social network.
It can be said that, Recommendation engines are nothing but an automated form of a “shop counter guy”. You ask him for a product. Not only he shows that product, but also the related ones which you could buy. They are well trained in cross selling and up selling. So, does our recommendation engines.
basic Function and Terminology of Recommendation Systems. Some Algorithmic Implementation with some sample Dataset for Understanding. It contains all the Layers of RS Framework well explained.
In this lecture, I will first cover the recent advances in neural recommender systems such as autoencoder-based and MLP-based recommender systems. Then, I will introduce the recent achievement for automatic playlist continuation in music recommendation.
Recommendation systems, also known as recommendation engines, are a type of information system whose purpose is to suggest, or recommend items or actions to users.
The recommendations may consist of:
-> retail items (movies, books, etc.) or
-> actions, such as following other users in a social network.
It can be said that, Recommendation engines are nothing but an automated form of a “shop counter guy”. You ask him for a product. Not only he shows that product, but also the related ones which you could buy. They are well trained in cross selling and up selling. So, does our recommendation engines.
basic Function and Terminology of Recommendation Systems. Some Algorithmic Implementation with some sample Dataset for Understanding. It contains all the Layers of RS Framework well explained.
In this lecture, I will first cover the recent advances in neural recommender systems such as autoencoder-based and MLP-based recommender systems. Then, I will introduce the recent achievement for automatic playlist continuation in music recommendation.
Author and Download:
http://blog.resonateinsights.com/white-paper-motivations-in-the-marketing-mix/
What’s the difference between a consumer and a customer? Motivation.
Please, download document from original source. Document here for study purposes and personal use.
Learn how shopping analytics can help answer these four questions:
• Is this a valuable ad moment?
• What is the value of the ad moment?
• What is my buyer’s context at this moment?
• How do I maximize the moment?
A Pinpoint Systems Corporation white paper discussing how companies must transform from being about them to being about the customer by:
-Committing to a philosophical and cultural shift
-Centralizing the 360° view of customer information
-Enabling intelligent outreach
-Enabling intelligent dialog
To support organizations in making the transformation from a product- and channel- focused organization to one focused on the customer, Pinpoint Systems has applied their expertise in the customer-centric space to create the Marketing System of Record solution, powered by the efficiency of the IBM Enterprise Marketing Management platform.
The tracking features of the solution allow analysts to complete these tasks:
• Attribute customer actions to specific campaigns and target cells.
• Use campaign and response history for audience selection and segmentation.
• Compute standard campaign performance metrics.
• Automatically report those metrics, as well as emerging sales trends, to product managers and other stakeholders.
The business value of consumer analytics and big data is not just about what you can discover or infer about the consumer, but how you can use this insight promptly and effectively across multiple touchpoints (including e-Commerce systems and CRM) to create a powerful and truly personalized consumer experience.
For most organizations, mobilizing this kind of intelligence raises organizational challenges as well as technical ones.
This presentation reveals how some leading companies are starting to address these challenges, and describes the vital role of enterprise architecture in supporting such initiatives.
Entrepreneurship & Early Stages Growth Marketing PlanningDan Taylor
My slides from a guest lecture at Leeds Trinity University, presenting to business students on market analysis, segmentation, and identifying your TAM.
Retail remains the undisputed leader in consumer spending, despite the continued velocity in the digital retailing space. So how, then, what should startups know about retail and retailers? And how does user-centered design play a role in unlocking the tremendous opportunity? This was the subject of a two-hour talk give an Denver Startup Week in September, 2014.
Lead Scoring: Five Steps to Getting Started How-To GuideDemand Metric
Executive Summary
This How-To Guide will help marketers score leads by showing how to set up a simple lead scoring system and then refine it over time.
Lead scoring applies mathematical formulas to rank potential customers. It is chiefly used to identify prospects that are ready for direct sales contact. Because the calculations are automatic, the scores are consistent, current, and can include more variables than any manual assessment. This saves marketers work, ensures that all qualified leads are sent to sales promptly, and keeps non-qualified leads out of the sales system.
Read this brief 11-page guide to learn about:
The case for lead scoring
Setting up a simple lead scoring system
Refinements to improve results over time
Companies that follow this process will quickly gain immediate benefits from lead scoring and have a solid foundation for future growth.
Demand Metric's How-To Guides are designed to provide practical, on-the-job training and education and provide context for using our premium tools & templates. If there is a topic that you would like to see covered, please contact us at info@demandmetric.com to make a content request.
Running Head Competitive Analysis of the Organization .docxMARRY7
Running Head: Competitive Analysis of the Organization 6
Competitive analysis of the organization
It is important for any organization to thrive and succeed in their business markets. It is also vital for these particular firms to develop the need to analyze their competitor’s needs and strategies. Understanding competitor analysis however is important in ascertaining marketing planning strategies and processes. Strong competitors perhaps can hinder best performances of the firm and its general success, and at an advanced stages, it can lead to total failures. Competitive analysis however enables firms to anticipate their close competitor’s actions and that can enable the organization to exploit competitor’s weaknesses. The strategy also enables firms to identify their most unique selling points. The identification of the selling points however can be strengthened trough marketing campaigns. Competitive analysis however enables and aids successful competitors to continuously develop their best marketing strategies in acute response to the changes in the market place.
Based on porter’s five competitive forces, these strategies were developed basically as a framework for assessing and evaluating the business competitive strength and the firm’s business position. This strategy believes in the notion that five forces exist that determines the competitiveness and attractiveness of the market. It also identifies greatly where power lies in a business situation. Porter’s specifications are therefore important in realizing the strengths of the organization current competitive position, and it also predicts the organizational strength in the future. The forces however can be used by strategic analysts at advanced stages to realize if new products or services that prevail in the business environment are potentially profitable.
They can also use it to ascertain the areas that posses more strength, this will help in improving weaknesses and helps to avoid mistakes.
Porters five forces of competitive positions
Supplier power is the certainty of how suppliers make it easy to drive and raise prices. Normally, supplier power is driven by the number of suppliers for each particular input, the available of their products and services, the strengths supplier posses and the relative cost of switching from one particular supplier to the other. Suppliers posses power when: there are very few suppliers of a particular product, when substitute don’t exist, when the product is extremely important to the potential buyer who cannot do without it and also the degree of differentiation of inputs
Buyer power.Buyer’s posses the potential of lowering prices. This is normally ascertained by the number of buyers existing in the market. It is also related to the individual buyer to the organization. Cost of ...
leewayhertz.com-How to build an AI-powered recommendation system.pdfrobertsamuel23
The internet has transformed the way we shop, with a vast selection of products available
for purchase online. However, this convenience comes at a cost, with consumers having to
sort through countless options, making it an overwhelming and tiring task.
Videos are more engaging, more memorable, and more popular than any other type of content out there. That’s why it’s estimated that 82% of consumer traffic will come from videos by 2025.
And with videos evolving from landscape to portrait and experts promoting shorter clips, one thing remains constant – our brains LOVE videos.
So is there science behind what makes people absolutely irresistible on camera?
The answer: definitely yes.
In this jam-packed session with Stephanie Garcia, you’ll get your hands on a steal-worthy guide that uncovers the art and science to being irresistible on camera. From body language to words that convert, she’ll show you how to captivate on command so that viewers are excited and ready to take action.
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
A.I. (artificial intelligence) platforms are popping up all the time, and many of them can and should be used to help grow your brand, increase your sales and decrease your marketing costs.In this presentation:We will review some of the best AI platforms that are available for you to use.We will interact with some of the platforms in real-time, so attendees can see how they work.We will also look at some current brands that are using AI to help them create marketing messages, saving them time and money in the process. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of using AI in marketing & branding and have a lively conversation that includes comments from the audience.
Key Takeaways:
Attendees will learn about LLM platforms, like ChatGPT, and how they work, with preset examples and real time interactions with the platform. Attendees will learn about other AI platforms that are creating graphic design elements at the push of a button...pre-set examples and real-time interactions.Attendees will discuss the pros & cons of AI in marketing + branding and share their perspectives with one another. Attendees will learn about the cost savings and the time savings associated with using AI, should they choose to.
Come learn how YOU can Animate and Illuminate the World with Generative AI's Explosive Power. Come sit in the driver's seat and learn to harness this great technology.
Digital Commerce Lecture for Advanced Digital & Social Media Strategy at UCLA...Valters Lauzums
E-commerce in 2024 is characterized by a dynamic blend of opportunities and significant challenges. Supply chain disruptions and inventory shortages are critical issues, leading to increased shipping delays and rising costs, which impact timely delivery and squeeze profit margins. Efficient logistics management is essential, yet it is often hampered by these external factors. Payment processing, while needing to ensure security and user convenience, grapples with preventing fraud and integrating diverse payment methods, adding another layer of complexity. Furthermore, fulfillment operations require a streamlined approach to handle volume spikes and maintain accuracy in order picking, packing, and shipping, all while meeting customers' heightened expectations for faster delivery times.
Amid these operational challenges, customer data has emerged as an important strategy. By focusing on personalization and enhancing customer experience from historical behavior, businesses can deliver improved website and brand experienced, better product recommendations, optimal promotions, and content to meet individual preferences. Better data analytics can also help in effectively creating marketing campaigns, improving customer retention, and driving product development and inventory management.
Innovative formats such as social commerce and live shopping are beginning to impact the digital commerce landscape, offering new ways to engage with customers and drive sales, and may provide opportunity for brands that have been priced out or seen a downturn with post-pandemic shopping behavior. Social commerce integrates shopping experiences directly into social media platforms, tapping into the massive user bases of these networks to increase reach and engagement. Live shopping, on the other hand, combines entertainment and real-time interaction, providing a dynamic platform for showcasing products and encouraging immediate purchases. These innovations not only enhance customer engagement but also provide valuable data for businesses to refine their strategies and deliver superior shopping experiences.
The e-commerce sector is evolving rapidly, and businesses that effectively manage operational challenges and implement innovative strategies are best positioned for long-term success.
Short video marketing has sweeped the nation and is the fastest way to build an online brand on social media in 2024. In this session you will learn:- What is short video marketing- Which platforms work best for your business- Content strategies that are on brand for your business- How to sell organically without paying for ads.
How to Run Landing Page Tests On and Off Paid Social PlatformsVWO
Join us for an exclusive webinar featuring Mariate, Alexandra and Nima where we will unveil a comprehensive blueprint for crafting a successful paid media strategy focused on landing page testing.With escalating costs in paid advertising, understanding how to maximize each visitor’s experience is crucial for retention and conversion.
This session will dive into the methodologies for executing and analyzing landing page tests within paid social channels, offering a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical insights.
The Pearmill team will guide you through the nuances of setting up and managing landing page experiments on paid social platforms. You will learn about the critical rules to follow, the structure of effective tests, optimal conversion duration and budget allocation.
The session will also cover data analysis techniques and criteria for graduating landing pages.
In the second part of the webinar, Pearmill will explore the use of A/B testing platforms. Discover common pitfalls to avoid in A/B testing and gain insights into analyzing A/B tests results effectively.
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Most small businesses struggle to see marketing results. In this session, we will eliminate any confusion about what to do next, solving your marketing problems so your business can thrive. You’ll learn how to create a foundational marketing OS (operating system) based on neuroscience and backed by real-world results. You’ll be taught how to develop deep customer connections, and how to have your CRM dynamically segment and sell at any stage in the customer’s journey. By the end of the session, you’ll remove confusion and chaos and replace it with clarity and confidence for long-term marketing success.
Key Takeaways:
• Uncover the power of a foundational marketing system that dynamically communicates with prospects and customers on autopilot.
• Harness neuroscience and Tribal Alignment to transform your communication strategies, turning potential clients into fans and those fans into loyal customers.
• Discover the art of automated segmentation, pinpointing your most lucrative customers and identifying the optimal moments for successful conversions.
• Streamline your business with a content production plan that eliminates guesswork, wasted time, and money.
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital CommercePushON Ltd
Vladimir Mulhem has over 20 years of experience in commercialising cutting edge creative technology across construction, marketing and retail.
Previously the founder and Tech and Innovation Director of Creative Content Works working with the likes of Next, John Lewis and JD Sport, he now helps retailers, brands and agencies solve challenges of applying the emerging technologies 3D, AR, VR and Gen AI to real-world problems.
In this webinar, Vladimir will be covering the following topics:
Applications of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce,
Benefits of 3D and AR,
Tools to create, manage and publish 3D and AR in Digital Commerce.
It's another new era of digital and marketers are faced with making big bets on their digital strategy. If you are looking at modernizing your tech stack to support your digital evolution, there are a few can't miss (often overlooked) areas that should be part of every conversation. We'll cover setting your vision, avoiding siloes, adding a democratized approach to data strategy, localization, creating critical governance requirements and more. Attendees will walk away with actions they can take into initiatives they are running today and consider for the future.
Digital marketing is the art and science of promoting products or services using digital channels to reach and engage with potential customers. It encompasses a wide range of online tactics and strategies aimed at increasing brand visibility, driving website traffic, generating leads, and ultimately, converting those leads into customers.
https://nidmindia.com/
1. Recommender
System!!
Presenting By: Nilotpal Pramanik
Dual Degree B.Tech(I.T)-M.Tech(I.T),
Spl. Robotics(2016-2021), Indian Institute
of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P
Under Supervision: Dr. Ranjana Vyas
Dept. of Information Technology,
Indian Institute of Information
Technology, Allahabad, U.P
2. Introduction
We can get into
this topic through
discussing three
most important
question...
What?? Why?? How??
4. “A recommender system or a
recommendation system is a
subclass of information filtering
system that seeks to predict the
"rating" or "preference" or
“prioritise” a user would give to an
item.As well as through which
system an organization can
provide more efficient choices
and specific informations about
its products to an user with
respect to his/her age, gender,
interest or observed behaviour
about item and more other
categories.
4
6. ➢USER’S Aspects!!
▹ Getting reliable and relevant
informations before going for any
product through the ratings and
comments from the previous users.
▹ Save the time to find the desirable one
among a lot due to having categories.
▹ Provide a open space to show the
preferences to the products.
6
7. ➢ORGANIZATION’s
Aspects
▹ Analyze the behaviour of the
customers.
▹ To provide more improved,
accurate and precise results to
the users.
▹ Make new or renew the business
strategies to optimize their
profits.
7
9. 9
In modern society is that people have too
much options to use from due to the
prevalence of Internet. In the past,
people used to shop in a physical store,
in which the items available are limited.
For instance, the number of movies that
can be placed in a Blockbuster store
depends on the size of that store. By
contrast, nowadays, the Internet allows
people to access abundant resources
online. Although the amount of available
information increased, a new problem
arose as people had a hard time
selecting the items they actually want to
see. This is where the recommender
system comes in.
10. RFM
CONCEPT
RFM criterion is one of
the oldest and most widely
used technique for
selecting the most
significant customers. It
supports the selection of
customers that are most
recent (R), frequent (F),
and add a larger monetary
value (M) in every
transaction.
10
11. RFM(Recency,Frequency,
Monetary) Analysis
Recency
Recency is the most
important predictor of who
is more likely to respond to
an offer. Customers who
have purchased recently are
more likely to purchase
again when compared to
those who did not purchase
recently.
On the basis of Date of
purchasing...It can be seen
that around 2200
customers out of 3900
customers have purchased
in last 2 months. Note that
some customers have not
visited the store in last 4–8
months. To regain that lost
customer base, business
should look out for the
reasons why these
customers stop visiting the
stores.
Frequency
The second most
important factor is how
frequently these
customers purchase. The
higher the frequency, the
higher is the chances of
these responding to the
offers.
On the basis of Month of
purchasing...It can be
seen that most of the
customers are visiting the
store less than 13 times a
year. Therefore, now it
will be interesting to see
what the variation is in
the Monetary value that
these customers
contribute.
Monetary Value
The third factor is the
amount of money these
customers have spent on
purchases. Customers
who have spent higher
contribute more value to
the business as compared
to those who have spent
less.
On the basis of Year of
purchasing...It can be
seen there is an almost
equal distribution of
customers as far as
monetary value is
concerned.
11
12. Based on business requirements, various cutoffs are
imposed on each of the three parameters. After
applying the cut-offs, customers can be classified
mainly in three segments:
12
● Customers clearing all the three cut-offs are the best and the most
reliable customers. Business should focus on making customised
promotional strategies and loyalty schemes for these customers in order
to retain this valuable customer base.
● Customers failing the recency criterion only are those customers who
have stopped visiting the store. Business should focus on these
customers and look out for the reason why they abandoned visiting the
stores.
● Customers clearing the recency criterion but failing frequency criterion
are the new customers. Business should provide more incentives and
offers to these customers and try to retain these new customers.
13. Apart from
segmenting
customers, business
can also use RFM
criterion to filter out a
reliable customer base
and perform analysis
like Market Basket
Analysis to see
customer buying
pattern or assess the
success of marketing
strategies by analysing
the response of these
customers.
13
R
F
M
14. The squares are of different sizes
indicating that is a different
number of customers in each
segment. For instance, there are
no squares corresponding to
Recency = 1 and Frequency = 5
and Monetary = 2 indicating that
no customers fall in these
segments. The square
corresponding to Recency = 1 and
Frequency = 1 Monetary = 1 is
larger than its neighbors since it
represents a larger segment of the
customer base as compared to its
neighbors. Marketers are mostly
interested in large segments of the
customer base with high response
spending like the segment with
Recency = 1 and Frequency = 1. A
3D scatter plot is used to depict
the complete RFM.
14
15. Normal-Changein Mean: If we plot
the Change of Mean in each RFM
components with respect to the
Number of Customers then we
find the GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION.And for all it’ll rise
for comparatively same height.
Normal-Changein Deviation: If we
plot the Change of Deviation in
each RFM components with
respect to the Number of
Customers then we again find the
GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION.But
from our previous discussion
there is an almost equal
distribution of customers as far
as Monetary value is
concerned.And Recency will vary
due to date with large variations
so it has a sharp pick.And for the
frequency the distribution will lie
between them according to our
discussion.
15
Number of CustomersNumber of Customers
R
F
M
18. 89,526,124$
That’s a lot of money!!
???%
Total success!!
185,244 USERS
And a lot of users!!
18
As the name suggests, this recommender system
provides with general recommendations to the user
without any context of what user wants or what is
his/her preferences.
Let’s think of Amazon for example. When we visit the
website for the first time, it provides us with a list of
most popular item. These popular items can be based
on different parameters like geography, age, sex etc.
Based on these parameters, system calculates the
mean of the product rating of all the users and provides
us with the products with maximum mean. This is also
called stereotyped recommender system.
Pros: Provide the proper guidance to the new users.
Cons: It may happen that the user needs/likes those
items which have less ratings, then??
19. Place your screenshot here
19
Probable
SOLUTION!!
During the Signing Up the
along with age, gender,
location the organization
should provide “You
prefer” / “genre” kinda
choice list to reach more
close to the user’s needs...
20. Place your screenshot here
20
Product
Association
Recommender
Apart from Stereotyped
Recommender System,
another class of non
personalised recommender
system use association to
recommend products.
21. In Product Association Recommenders, uses
the knowledge of the product that a consumer
is looking at and based on this knowledge, it
provides item recommendations. One way of
providing these recommendations is to go
through all the historical transactions and see
what other people have most frequently
bought along with the given product in the
same sales transaction.
This type of recommendation is not
personalized to the person but to current user
who is looking at the given product. So how to
calculate this?
21
22. “Let us take an example to understand
this. Let us suppose that X is Red sauce
and Y is Banana. So is it correct saying
that 80% of the people who buy Red
sauce also buy Banana necessarily? Or
does it mean that Banana is a very
common product and people will buy it
irrespective of the fact whether there is
Red sauce in the basket or not??
To control the popularity of Y overwhelm
the recommendation, we use the
concept of Bayes Theorem….
22
25. Content-based Recommendation
This type of recommender system is dependent on the inputs
provided by the user. Some of the typical examples of
content based filtering are Google, Wikipedia etc.
Let’s start by getting an intuition of what these
recommenders do. When you search a group of keywords,
the most basic idea will be to show all the items containing
those keywords. But the biggest problem that we are trying
to solve here, The problem of Huge Pile of information, acts
as a roadblock in this also. For Example, if someone search
for “The Recommender System”, there will be a large number
of documents containing the Keyword “The”. Same is for the
keyword “System”.
25
26. Collaborative Filtering
26
Let’s move forward from this intuition and incorporate the
behaviour of other users and provide more weight to the
ratings of those users who are like me. But how do we check
how much a user is similar to me?
To answer this, we will use Karl Pearson’s correlation and
see how similar two users are. It is usually calculated over the
items that both the users have rated in the past. But there is a
problem with this approach. When the number of common
ratings are not very large, the similarity value gets biased. It
might be possible that 2 users have only 2 ratings in common
but the value of correlation is very high or even very close to 1.
User-
User
28. 28
ITEM-ITEM collaborative filtering look for items that are similar
to the articles that user has already rated and recommend most
similar articles. But what does that mean when we say item-item
similarity? In this case we don’t mean whether two items are the
same by attribute like Fountain pen and pilot pen are similar
because both are pen. Instead, what similarity means is how
people treat two items the same in terms of like and dislike.
This method is quite stable in itself as compared to User based
collaborative filtering because the average item has a lot more
ratings than the average user. So an individual rating doesn’t
impact as much.
Item-Item Collaborative Filtering