This document provides an exploratory review of research on issues of leisure for people with non-normative sexual identities. It discusses how homonegativity and discrimination have been shown to negatively impact LGBTQ leisure experiences. It also examines how leisure serves as an important context for sexual identity development, though marginalization presents obstacles. The purpose is to explore major themes in this research, including theoretical perspectives, to inform future studies grounded in comprehensive understanding of the topic.
From the different worldviews between these groups, we discuss positionality and access to data, i.e. the ways characteristics such as socio-economic, education, social status, and gender influence the research. The idea is not to set ‘rights’ and ‘wrongs’, but to ponder on how successful (or not) were our attempts and reflect on unforeseen effects of our own work.
This document provides an introduction to the book "Gay Science: The Ethics of Sexual Orientation Research" by Timothy F. Murphy. The introduction outlines the ongoing scientific and social debate around the origins and meaning of sexual orientations like homosexuality. It notes that while past research often assumed homosexuality was a psychological disorder, more recent research takes a neutral stance on causation but still has social implications. The introduction previews the book's aim to provide an ethical analysis of sexual orientation research and its potential impacts, both positive and negative, on gay people. It does not intend to argue for any particular causal theory but rather map out the relevant issues for discussion.
The study examined how social class influences prosocial behavior. Across four studies, the researchers found that individuals from lower social classes demonstrated more generous, charitable, trusting, and helpful behaviors than those from upper social classes. Mediator and moderator data suggested lower class individuals acted more prosocially because of a greater commitment to egalitarian values and increased feelings of compassion stemming from their life experiences and social environments.
The document summarizes a study that investigated how cultural background, relationship satisfaction, and familiarity influence perceptual understanding between oneself and others. 139 participants from individualistic and collectivistic cultures completed questionnaires measuring asymmetric insight and relationship satisfaction regarding three individuals - one with a satisfied relationship, one neutral, and one unsatisfied. While no main effects were found for culture or familiarity, there was a significant interaction - those from individualistic cultures showed greater asymmetry in understanding others from their own culture, while collectivistic cultures showed similar understanding of others regardless of cultural background. The study aimed to expand on past research showing cultural and relationship factors influence perceptual biases between self and other.
Wanna be startin somethin, mj in the scholarly literature, a selected bibliog...Brandon Penny
Two librarians at Texas Tech University have released a report detailing Michael Jackson's broad influence in the scholarly community. Associate Librarians Susan Hidalgo and Rob Weiner combed through scholarly papers and peer-reviewed articles in over 100 databases in creating "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide"
The guide shows Jackson popping up in psychology, medical, chemistry, mass communications and even engineering journals.
This document discusses theories around the stability of categories of sex, gender, and sexuality. It compares essentialist views that see these categories as innate and stable to social constructionist and queer theories that see them as changing based on social and cultural influences. The document analyzes several key studies and cases like Bruce/Brenda that have informed this debate. It examines perspectives from evolutionary psychology, social identity theory, psychoanalysis, and queer theory on how these categories are developed and maintained over time.
This document discusses ethnocentrism and immigrants in the United States. It defines ethnocentrism as evaluating one's own group positively and others negatively. It classifies types of ethnocentrism like Americentrism and discusses how perceptions of cultural differences have changed over time. The document also outlines key immigration policies and acts in US history that have targeted immigration, from the 1790 census to the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act. It notes how immigration has significantly influenced US diversity and ideas around ethnocentrism.
This document provides acknowledgements and dedication for a research project on how American civilization annulled and transformed the lives of Negroes. It thanks the academic institution, supervisor, family and friends for their support during the research process. The abstract summarizes that the research traces how slavery left a lasting negative impact on relations between whites and blacks in America, and how whites used their power to control Negroes and restrict their lives even after slavery was abolished. Key literary works that will be analyzed include Roots, The Autobiography of the Ex-Colored Man, and Native Son to understand how slavery and racism impacted Negroes at different time periods in American history.
From the different worldviews between these groups, we discuss positionality and access to data, i.e. the ways characteristics such as socio-economic, education, social status, and gender influence the research. The idea is not to set ‘rights’ and ‘wrongs’, but to ponder on how successful (or not) were our attempts and reflect on unforeseen effects of our own work.
This document provides an introduction to the book "Gay Science: The Ethics of Sexual Orientation Research" by Timothy F. Murphy. The introduction outlines the ongoing scientific and social debate around the origins and meaning of sexual orientations like homosexuality. It notes that while past research often assumed homosexuality was a psychological disorder, more recent research takes a neutral stance on causation but still has social implications. The introduction previews the book's aim to provide an ethical analysis of sexual orientation research and its potential impacts, both positive and negative, on gay people. It does not intend to argue for any particular causal theory but rather map out the relevant issues for discussion.
The study examined how social class influences prosocial behavior. Across four studies, the researchers found that individuals from lower social classes demonstrated more generous, charitable, trusting, and helpful behaviors than those from upper social classes. Mediator and moderator data suggested lower class individuals acted more prosocially because of a greater commitment to egalitarian values and increased feelings of compassion stemming from their life experiences and social environments.
The document summarizes a study that investigated how cultural background, relationship satisfaction, and familiarity influence perceptual understanding between oneself and others. 139 participants from individualistic and collectivistic cultures completed questionnaires measuring asymmetric insight and relationship satisfaction regarding three individuals - one with a satisfied relationship, one neutral, and one unsatisfied. While no main effects were found for culture or familiarity, there was a significant interaction - those from individualistic cultures showed greater asymmetry in understanding others from their own culture, while collectivistic cultures showed similar understanding of others regardless of cultural background. The study aimed to expand on past research showing cultural and relationship factors influence perceptual biases between self and other.
Wanna be startin somethin, mj in the scholarly literature, a selected bibliog...Brandon Penny
Two librarians at Texas Tech University have released a report detailing Michael Jackson's broad influence in the scholarly community. Associate Librarians Susan Hidalgo and Rob Weiner combed through scholarly papers and peer-reviewed articles in over 100 databases in creating "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide"
The guide shows Jackson popping up in psychology, medical, chemistry, mass communications and even engineering journals.
This document discusses theories around the stability of categories of sex, gender, and sexuality. It compares essentialist views that see these categories as innate and stable to social constructionist and queer theories that see them as changing based on social and cultural influences. The document analyzes several key studies and cases like Bruce/Brenda that have informed this debate. It examines perspectives from evolutionary psychology, social identity theory, psychoanalysis, and queer theory on how these categories are developed and maintained over time.
This document discusses ethnocentrism and immigrants in the United States. It defines ethnocentrism as evaluating one's own group positively and others negatively. It classifies types of ethnocentrism like Americentrism and discusses how perceptions of cultural differences have changed over time. The document also outlines key immigration policies and acts in US history that have targeted immigration, from the 1790 census to the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act. It notes how immigration has significantly influenced US diversity and ideas around ethnocentrism.
This document provides acknowledgements and dedication for a research project on how American civilization annulled and transformed the lives of Negroes. It thanks the academic institution, supervisor, family and friends for their support during the research process. The abstract summarizes that the research traces how slavery left a lasting negative impact on relations between whites and blacks in America, and how whites used their power to control Negroes and restrict their lives even after slavery was abolished. Key literary works that will be analyzed include Roots, The Autobiography of the Ex-Colored Man, and Native Son to understand how slavery and racism impacted Negroes at different time periods in American history.
Zjames_final-9-23-08-0024793-dissertation-read onlyDrzenobia James
This dissertation examines factors that enable chronic homelessness among single males at a shelter in Wilmington, Delaware. The author conducted a qualitative study using various data collection methods, including intake forms, surveys, observations, interviews, and organizational records from 2002-2005. The study found that chronic homelessness is likely the result of individual characteristics intersecting with social, economic, and structural factors. These may include issues like substance abuse, mental illness, unemployment, incarceration, and lack of affordable housing. While external conditions are important, some shelter users also reported making a rational choice to remain homeless. The author aims to understand this complex issue and identify ways to reduce chronic homelessness.
This study aims to examine how aspects of poverty affect the information seeking behaviors of transgender individuals. A survey will be administered in person in San Francisco to collect data on participants' experiences with poverty indicators (e.g. housing instability, low income) and how they fulfill information needs (e.g. internet, support groups). Snowball sampling will be used to reach as many participants as possible. Results will be analyzed to identify correlations between forms of poverty and search methods used. The 12-week study involves obtaining permissions, collecting data for 7 weeks, analyzing results, and reporting findings. Care will be taken to ensure participants feel respected.
Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people that are widely accepted. They develop from a lack of complete information about people and are reinforced by various media sources. Stereotypes can be implicit or explicit and serve functions like reducing cognitive burden, but can also lead to prejudice. While stereotypes offer a way to understand differences, they overgeneralize traits to whole groups and are often negatively evaluated. Understanding how stereotypes form and change is important for cultural dynamics between groups.
Not Apart of the Club Consumer Crossing Over Marketing Niche BoundariesRudy Diaz
This document is a thesis written by Rudy Diaz at the University of Denver in 2014 exploring how consumers occupy nightlife spaces in the Denver area and the implications for marketing niches. Through observations and interviews, Diaz discovered that heterosexual women often chose to socialize in gay bars to avoid misogyny in straight bars, and gay men sometimes chose straight bars to avoid unwanted attention. Both groups used these spaces as a refuge from their typical environments. Diaz also found that some heterosexual men would follow women to gay bars. The research suggests masculinity is expressed across a spectrum and influences experiences in nightlife spaces.
Participants were randomly assigned to minimal groups based on t-shirt color and listened to stories about in-group and out-group members. Their memory and attitudes were assessed immediately after and one week later. Results showed no significant in-group preferences in memory or attitudes, despite previous research finding biases based on minimal groups. The study provided insight into how arbitrary group assignments may not reliably influence eyewitness testimony or social perceptions over time as hypothesized.
This document is a capstone research paper examining racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. It explores why minority youth are disproportionately incarcerated compared to white youth. The paper analyzes historical context, relevant theories, and key contributing factors such as peers, community, education, family, poverty, and the impact of a judge's perceptions. Through a case study and literature review, the research aims to understand the overrepresentation of racial minorities in juvenile detention and how the system can help youth improve their life chances.
The document analyzes how Puerto Rico High School serves as a counter-storytelling institution for the Puerto Rican community it serves. It challenges mainstream narratives about Puerto Ricans through its name, which honors a Puerto Rican nationalist leader often portrayed negatively. Material objects in the school also tell counter-stories about Puerto Rican history and political struggles. Student interviews show how literacy is used to critically analyze social issues and write counter-narratives that reinsert their community into history and advocate for social justice.
This document provides summaries of 15 academic sources related to feminist anthropology and gender studies. The sources cover a range of topics including histories of feminist anthropology, critiques of feminist theory, ethnographic works analyzing gender roles and rituals, and studies of masculinity. The document aims to provide an annotated bibliography on literature relevant to understanding feminist anthropological perspectives and research on gender.
This document discusses the foundations of human sexuality including gender identity, sexual orientation, and sexual behavior. It defines human sexuality as the combination of physiological, sociological, and psychological factors that influence how individuals experience and express themselves sexually. Key aspects discussed include the history of diversity in the workplace, definitions of gender identity and sexual identity, factors influencing human attraction and sexual preference, and how individual differences shape everyday experiences of gender and sexuality.
Lincoln and Douglas meet the abolitionist David Walker as prisoners debate sl...eraser Juan José Calderón
Lincoln and Douglas meet the abolitionist David Walker as prisoners debate slavery: Empowering education, applied communication, and social justice. Stephen Hartnett
The history of the study of intercultural communicationAMIR ZESHAN
The document discusses the history and approaches to the study of intercultural communication. It began in the U.S. in 1946 with the establishment of the Foreign Service Institute to provide pre-departure courses. Edward T. Hall and George Tragers contributed the concept of proxemics, communicating through body positioning. The social science approach views culture and communication objectively while the critical approach emphasizes subjective reality and macro contexts like political and social structures that influence communication.
The Division of Race in Neighborhood StructurePaul Blazevich
This document is a research paper analyzing the division of race in neighborhood structures. It examines how ethnic groups tend to segregate into distinct areas of cities. The paper reviews 5 studies that provide evidence this segregation is not accidental, but rather a result of historic racial inequality and lack of socioeconomic mobility for minorities. The literature shows racial minorities face higher levels of environmental pollution and crime in their neighborhoods. The conclusion is that while acceptance of diversity has increased, segregation remains normalized due to the effects of multi-generational racism and economic disadvantages imposed on some groups.
In the next 10 years, the document predicts that social media will be combined into a single site that includes all current functions and can be accessed through mobile phones, eliminating the need for texting or calls. It also predicts that mobile phones will no longer have screens and will project holographic screens and keyboards. In education, it predicts technology will continue integrating into classrooms, with students each having customized learning devices and textbooks becoming obsolete, with most teaching done on computers.
Fjallað er um m.a. hvernig unnt er að gefa talmálinu aftur þá eiginleika sem það glataði við það að verða að ritmáli. Hvernig málLosna við lestrartón og gefa textanum líf með raddbeitingu.
This document discusses the importance of active learning and overcoming obstacles to its implementation. It provides quotes emphasizing that learning is not passive and students learn best when they are actively engaged. Some common obstacles to active learning include not having enough time to cover content, large class sizes, instructor discomfort with non-lecture approaches, and student resistance. However, these obstacles can be overcome through strategies like small group work, alternative methods of ensuring content mastery, and recognizing that some discomfort may be necessary to transition to better teaching methods. The document encourages instructors to plan their active learning lessons through storyboarding to align objectives, content, and activities.
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2013,DAK SMA 2013,,produk dak sma 2013,dak smk 2013,dak sm...Asaka Cv
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2013,DAK SMA 2013,,produk dak sma 2013,dak smk 2013,dak sma 2013,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratoriujm kimia sma,laboratoriujm kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,Rab alat kimia sma dak 2013.pagu@100juta,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2013
The document discusses how nature and humans interact and depend on each other. It states that while nature could exist without humans, humans cannot exist without nature as they rely on it for resources like food, oxygen, shelter. It also notes that if humans were removed, nature would replenish itself, pollution would disappear, and endangered species could repopulate. However, humans also benefit nature by fighting wildfires and diseases. The document concludes that nature and humans must coexist on Earth, and while conflicts can arise, they can also benefit one another.
Este documento resume la evolución de los dispositivos de cómputo a través de la historia, desde el ábaco en 1542 hasta las computadoras portátiles modernas. Algunos hitos clave incluyen la máquina analítica en 1816 como la primera computadora, la ENIAC en 1947 como la primera computadora electrónica y la IBM 610 en 1957 como la primera computadora personal. Las computadoras han avanzado desde máquinas mecánicas para hacer cuentas hasta poder realizar cualquier tarea en la actualidad.
Este documento explica qué es un reporte y cómo realizarlo. Define un reporte como un informe que transmite información de manera escrita u oral. Explica que un reporte debe incluir una introducción, desarrollo y conclusiones. El desarrollo debe contener la información recopilada, un análisis crítico de los resultados y comentarios. También provee recomendaciones sobre la estructura de un reporte y ejemplos.
El documento resume los logros de la gestión del alcalde Fernando de Los Santos como alcalde de Padre Las Casas entre 2010-2016. Se destacan importantes obras de infraestructura como un nuevo cementerio, carreteras, un puente y un centro educativo, así como mejoras a los servicios básicos. También se resaltan las acciones realizadas a través del presupuesto participativo y del programa PRODEM para el desarrollo municipal.
Zjames_final-9-23-08-0024793-dissertation-read onlyDrzenobia James
This dissertation examines factors that enable chronic homelessness among single males at a shelter in Wilmington, Delaware. The author conducted a qualitative study using various data collection methods, including intake forms, surveys, observations, interviews, and organizational records from 2002-2005. The study found that chronic homelessness is likely the result of individual characteristics intersecting with social, economic, and structural factors. These may include issues like substance abuse, mental illness, unemployment, incarceration, and lack of affordable housing. While external conditions are important, some shelter users also reported making a rational choice to remain homeless. The author aims to understand this complex issue and identify ways to reduce chronic homelessness.
This study aims to examine how aspects of poverty affect the information seeking behaviors of transgender individuals. A survey will be administered in person in San Francisco to collect data on participants' experiences with poverty indicators (e.g. housing instability, low income) and how they fulfill information needs (e.g. internet, support groups). Snowball sampling will be used to reach as many participants as possible. Results will be analyzed to identify correlations between forms of poverty and search methods used. The 12-week study involves obtaining permissions, collecting data for 7 weeks, analyzing results, and reporting findings. Care will be taken to ensure participants feel respected.
Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people that are widely accepted. They develop from a lack of complete information about people and are reinforced by various media sources. Stereotypes can be implicit or explicit and serve functions like reducing cognitive burden, but can also lead to prejudice. While stereotypes offer a way to understand differences, they overgeneralize traits to whole groups and are often negatively evaluated. Understanding how stereotypes form and change is important for cultural dynamics between groups.
Not Apart of the Club Consumer Crossing Over Marketing Niche BoundariesRudy Diaz
This document is a thesis written by Rudy Diaz at the University of Denver in 2014 exploring how consumers occupy nightlife spaces in the Denver area and the implications for marketing niches. Through observations and interviews, Diaz discovered that heterosexual women often chose to socialize in gay bars to avoid misogyny in straight bars, and gay men sometimes chose straight bars to avoid unwanted attention. Both groups used these spaces as a refuge from their typical environments. Diaz also found that some heterosexual men would follow women to gay bars. The research suggests masculinity is expressed across a spectrum and influences experiences in nightlife spaces.
Participants were randomly assigned to minimal groups based on t-shirt color and listened to stories about in-group and out-group members. Their memory and attitudes were assessed immediately after and one week later. Results showed no significant in-group preferences in memory or attitudes, despite previous research finding biases based on minimal groups. The study provided insight into how arbitrary group assignments may not reliably influence eyewitness testimony or social perceptions over time as hypothesized.
This document is a capstone research paper examining racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. It explores why minority youth are disproportionately incarcerated compared to white youth. The paper analyzes historical context, relevant theories, and key contributing factors such as peers, community, education, family, poverty, and the impact of a judge's perceptions. Through a case study and literature review, the research aims to understand the overrepresentation of racial minorities in juvenile detention and how the system can help youth improve their life chances.
The document analyzes how Puerto Rico High School serves as a counter-storytelling institution for the Puerto Rican community it serves. It challenges mainstream narratives about Puerto Ricans through its name, which honors a Puerto Rican nationalist leader often portrayed negatively. Material objects in the school also tell counter-stories about Puerto Rican history and political struggles. Student interviews show how literacy is used to critically analyze social issues and write counter-narratives that reinsert their community into history and advocate for social justice.
This document provides summaries of 15 academic sources related to feminist anthropology and gender studies. The sources cover a range of topics including histories of feminist anthropology, critiques of feminist theory, ethnographic works analyzing gender roles and rituals, and studies of masculinity. The document aims to provide an annotated bibliography on literature relevant to understanding feminist anthropological perspectives and research on gender.
This document discusses the foundations of human sexuality including gender identity, sexual orientation, and sexual behavior. It defines human sexuality as the combination of physiological, sociological, and psychological factors that influence how individuals experience and express themselves sexually. Key aspects discussed include the history of diversity in the workplace, definitions of gender identity and sexual identity, factors influencing human attraction and sexual preference, and how individual differences shape everyday experiences of gender and sexuality.
Lincoln and Douglas meet the abolitionist David Walker as prisoners debate sl...eraser Juan José Calderón
Lincoln and Douglas meet the abolitionist David Walker as prisoners debate slavery: Empowering education, applied communication, and social justice. Stephen Hartnett
The history of the study of intercultural communicationAMIR ZESHAN
The document discusses the history and approaches to the study of intercultural communication. It began in the U.S. in 1946 with the establishment of the Foreign Service Institute to provide pre-departure courses. Edward T. Hall and George Tragers contributed the concept of proxemics, communicating through body positioning. The social science approach views culture and communication objectively while the critical approach emphasizes subjective reality and macro contexts like political and social structures that influence communication.
The Division of Race in Neighborhood StructurePaul Blazevich
This document is a research paper analyzing the division of race in neighborhood structures. It examines how ethnic groups tend to segregate into distinct areas of cities. The paper reviews 5 studies that provide evidence this segregation is not accidental, but rather a result of historic racial inequality and lack of socioeconomic mobility for minorities. The literature shows racial minorities face higher levels of environmental pollution and crime in their neighborhoods. The conclusion is that while acceptance of diversity has increased, segregation remains normalized due to the effects of multi-generational racism and economic disadvantages imposed on some groups.
In the next 10 years, the document predicts that social media will be combined into a single site that includes all current functions and can be accessed through mobile phones, eliminating the need for texting or calls. It also predicts that mobile phones will no longer have screens and will project holographic screens and keyboards. In education, it predicts technology will continue integrating into classrooms, with students each having customized learning devices and textbooks becoming obsolete, with most teaching done on computers.
Fjallað er um m.a. hvernig unnt er að gefa talmálinu aftur þá eiginleika sem það glataði við það að verða að ritmáli. Hvernig málLosna við lestrartón og gefa textanum líf með raddbeitingu.
This document discusses the importance of active learning and overcoming obstacles to its implementation. It provides quotes emphasizing that learning is not passive and students learn best when they are actively engaged. Some common obstacles to active learning include not having enough time to cover content, large class sizes, instructor discomfort with non-lecture approaches, and student resistance. However, these obstacles can be overcome through strategies like small group work, alternative methods of ensuring content mastery, and recognizing that some discomfort may be necessary to transition to better teaching methods. The document encourages instructors to plan their active learning lessons through storyboarding to align objectives, content, and activities.
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2013,DAK SMA 2013,,produk dak sma 2013,dak smk 2013,dak sm...Asaka Cv
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2013,DAK SMA 2013,,produk dak sma 2013,dak smk 2013,dak sma 2013,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratoriujm kimia sma,laboratoriujm kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,Rab alat kimia sma dak 2013.pagu@100juta,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2013
The document discusses how nature and humans interact and depend on each other. It states that while nature could exist without humans, humans cannot exist without nature as they rely on it for resources like food, oxygen, shelter. It also notes that if humans were removed, nature would replenish itself, pollution would disappear, and endangered species could repopulate. However, humans also benefit nature by fighting wildfires and diseases. The document concludes that nature and humans must coexist on Earth, and while conflicts can arise, they can also benefit one another.
Este documento resume la evolución de los dispositivos de cómputo a través de la historia, desde el ábaco en 1542 hasta las computadoras portátiles modernas. Algunos hitos clave incluyen la máquina analítica en 1816 como la primera computadora, la ENIAC en 1947 como la primera computadora electrónica y la IBM 610 en 1957 como la primera computadora personal. Las computadoras han avanzado desde máquinas mecánicas para hacer cuentas hasta poder realizar cualquier tarea en la actualidad.
Este documento explica qué es un reporte y cómo realizarlo. Define un reporte como un informe que transmite información de manera escrita u oral. Explica que un reporte debe incluir una introducción, desarrollo y conclusiones. El desarrollo debe contener la información recopilada, un análisis crítico de los resultados y comentarios. También provee recomendaciones sobre la estructura de un reporte y ejemplos.
El documento resume los logros de la gestión del alcalde Fernando de Los Santos como alcalde de Padre Las Casas entre 2010-2016. Se destacan importantes obras de infraestructura como un nuevo cementerio, carreteras, un puente y un centro educativo, así como mejoras a los servicios básicos. También se resaltan las acciones realizadas a través del presupuesto participativo y del programa PRODEM para el desarrollo municipal.
The future is predictable #futureinsights by @janfsauerJan Sauer
#futureinsights by @janfsauer. #googleglass #wearables #sensors #ai #futurepredictions @katapultgroup Modified from presentation given to segment specific group in Europe in the fall of 2104.
Puppet Camp Seattle 2014: Docker and Puppet: 1+1=3 Puppet
This document discusses Docker and Puppet and how they can be used together. It suggests using Puppet to install and configure Docker on the host system, and then using Dockerfiles to build container images in a deterministic way. While Puppet could theoretically be used to build containers, the document argues it is better to use Dockerfiles for image builds and to separate operational concerns like logging and monitoring into separate containers for better portability and flexibility.
An Ohio landowner whose land Sunoco Logistics Partners wants to traverse with the Mariner East 2 pipeline tried a novel legal argument. The landowner's attorneys argued in the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals that pure propane and pure butane--both of which would be transported through the pipeline from eastern Ohio all the way to the Marcus Hook refinery near Philadelphia--are not "petroleum." At least, not petroleum for the purposes of the permit which grants Sunoco the right to build the pipeline to transport petroleum products. The Court of Appeals justices rejected that argument and said, in essence, that propane and butane fit under the definition of petroleum as that word has been used for generations. This is the court's ruling.
Shifting landscape of lgbt org researchArushi Verma
This document provides an overview of organizational research on LGBT individuals from the late 19th century to present. It identifies four dominant frames that have shaped this research: 1) a medical abnormality frame that viewed LGBT people as abnormal and focused on etiology; 2) a deviant social role frame that studied how deviant roles were enacted; 3) a collective identity frame focused on rights, equality, and strategies for visibility and addressing discrimination; and 4) a social distinctiveness frame that examines what makes LGBT workers and organizations distinct. These frames significantly influenced the scope and questions of LGBT organizational scholarship over time.
This document discusses the intersection of disability and queer identity development for students. It notes that LGBTQ students with disabilities face discrimination that can negatively impact their identity development and success in college. Creating partnerships between queer resource centers and disability services is one strategy to create a more welcoming environment. While these students have similar developmental concerns to other students, they also have unique challenges due to societal oppression related to their sexual orientation, gender identity, disability status, and the intersection of these identities. The document reviews literature on LGBTQ and disability identity development theories and the lack of research specifically on the intersection of these identities. It concludes that identity development occurs over time in a fluid process for both LGBTQ and disability identities.
2015 mala workshop lgbtq young adult literatureMolly Wetta
This document discusses the importance of including LGBTQ+ materials in public libraries. It begins by defining key terms related to sex, gender, and sexuality. It then explains that 1.2-5.6% of adults identify as LGBTQ+, and that many youths recognize their identity in their teens. Studies show LGBTQ+ youth often feel unsafe at school. The document argues that libraries provide a safe space for questioning teens and access to LGBTQ+ literature and resources is crucial for identity development, mental health, fostering acceptance, and ensuring this population is included rather than excluded. It provides statistics on LGBTQ+ representation in YA literature and recommends titles, genres, and resources for readers' advisory.
Lost In Translation The Closeted Truths of Counseling Psychology and the Gay ...Ronald Curtis
This document discusses the lack of education around LGBTQ issues in counseling psychology programs. It notes that while diversity is discussed, LGBTQ topics typically only receive 3-4 hours of instruction. This is insufficient for trainees to develop skills working with LGBTQ clients. The document also discusses a study that found providing information on LGBTQ issues improved knowledge, but exploring attitudes did not necessarily make attitudes more positive, possibly due to social desirability bias. It argues for incorporating queer theory and moving beyond traditional models to better address LGBTQ issues in counseling psychology.
This document discusses research methods used to study gender and society. It describes quantitative methods like descriptive statistics, surveys, and experiments that gather measurable data. It also discusses qualitative methods like textual analysis and ethnography that aim to understand experiences. Critical research methods identify inequalities to motivate change, and mixed methods combine approaches. Gender studies draw from various disciplines like sociology, anthropology, history, and more. Studying gender enhances appreciation of diversity, awareness of cultural expectations, and ability to engage with others in society.
A Review of LGBTQ Adolescents Minorities Facing Positive and Negative Outcome...Taylor Hartman
This document summarizes research on the cognitive and social development of LGBTQ adolescents. It finds that LGBTQ youth face unique challenges including difficulty developing a sense of self-identity due to societal expectations. They also experience minority stress from discrimination, which can negatively impact their mental health and physical health through risky behaviors. Their cognitive development may also be impaired if they face harassment or do not have a supportive community. Overall, the document examines how societal and environmental factors can influence the developmental process of LGBTQ adolescents.
This document provides a brief history of key LGBTQIA+ events from antiquity to modern times. It discusses how same-sex relationships were viewed at different points in history, from being tolerated in ancient Greece to being criminalized by laws enacted in the 4th century CE. It also outlines milestones like the terms "bisexual" and "heterosexual" being coined in 1892, the first known sex reassignment surgery in 1931, and Alfred Kinsey's groundbreaking research in the 1940s-50s challenging beliefs that sexuality is binary. The history shows how attitudes have fluctuated from acceptance to persecution over centuries, with increasing cultural acceptance in recent decades.
Disability Studies What Is It andWhat Difference Does It Make.docxlynettearnold46882
Disability Studies: What Is It and
What Difference Does It Make?
Philip M. Ferguson
Chapman University
Emily Nusbaum
Colorado University Colorado Springs
The academic field of disability studies has expanded rapidly over the last two decades or so. With that expansion has also come some growing ambiguity about exactly what is meant by the term "disability studies." This article reviews the history and evolution of disability studies as an interdisciplinary approach to research and scholarship. While acknowledging the broad range of interests and approaches that can fall under the umbrella of the "disability studies" label, we argue that it may be useful to present a set of core themes or beliefs that seem central to disability studies as a field if it is to fulfill its promise as a truly different way of exploring the meanings of disability in society. Finally, we argue that disability studies should be of special interest to members of TASH and others with particular interest in the lives of people with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities.DESCRIPTORS: disability studies, social model of disability, inclusion, value-based research Over the last decade or so, the term "disability studies" has become a familiar usage throughout all areas of inqtiiry and scholarship involved in the study of issues affecting people with disabilities. Yet, the question arises as to whether the writing and research emerging from this still new and evolving area of study have any special relevance to those whose strongest interests are improving the lives of individuals with the most significant intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families. This article—as well as the others in this special issue—tries to demonstrate why that question should be answer redin the affirmative. The purpose, then, of this article is threefold. First, we provide a brief history of the emergence and evolution of the broad range of scholarship and inquiry that falls under the field called "disability studies." Second,we identify and briefly discuss what we see as at least some of the core concepts that underlie the relatively new field of study. Finally, we argue that, as a field of study, disability studies has particular salience for those interested in the development of research and policy in support of people with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Certainly, if one goes simply by frequency of usage, the practice of "disability studies" has gained ample currency within academic settings of the humanities and social sciences (Cushing & Stnith, 2009; Taylor & ZubalRuggieri,2009). In such a context, disability studies is often compared with similar approaches to human difference that have a somewhat longer history, such as Gender Studies and Race/Ethnicity Studies. In its broadest terms,then, disability studies might initially portray itself as the interdisciplinary study and representation of the concepts,cultures, and personal .
This document discusses quantitative research methodologies and combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. It provides examples of religious and Islamic studies research topics that could be examined using various methods. Specifically, it discusses:
1) The benefits of combining quantitative and qualitative methods, such as developing research questions, increasing validity, and providing complementary perspectives.
2) Examples of religious phenomena that could be studied in isolation using quantitative methods, such as levels of religious commitment, faith, piety, and morality.
3) The limitations of studying isolated religious phenomena through quantitative research alone, such as an inability to consider nuanced participant experiences or address normative questions.
This document outlines an agenda for a workshop on supporting LGBTQ youth in schools. The agenda includes an overview of LGBTQ terminology, discussions of queer identity and experience, issues like violence, suicide and substance abuse among queer youth, and strategies for building empathy and safety for LGBTQ students. The workshop also covers interventions for individual, structural and cultural change, such as developing awareness, knowledge and skills to support queer youth, implementing inclusive policies, and promoting acceptance in the community.
YourLastName2
Nepali2
Name: Shrijana Nepali
Professor: Mark Shepherd
ENGL-1301-51009
LGBT Social Acceptance and Inclusivity
The transgender issue is most common problem in our society. The number of transgenders in our society are increasing gradually but we fail to accept them for our narrow vision. It is very shameful to us that in the time of modern culture we are breaking many old concepts and accepting new concept. Let's seek to grasp the term-transgender meaning. There are individuals who differ from their birth sex by their sexual identity or gender expression. The research reviewed concentrated mainly on transgender people's key concerns and public acceptance. The M. Ed focusing on curriculum is important because this is the professional and mostly filed based work as a teacher educator. If we emphasize M. Ed's transgender term. Curriculum then teacher trainer will be easily useful for transgender empowerment. Although over the past two decades a significant body of LGBT health information has been established, much remains to be explored. What can we do to empower LGBT rights? What are the priorities for a research agenda to address these gaps?
Some say LGBT community should be treated with equal rights as everyone, while others say marriages between same-sex couples should not be recognized by the law as valid. The LGBT community is also being criminalized and sentenced.
What Richard did to Sasha as seen in the 57 Bus story is clear reflection of what is happening in our society today. There is a lot of violence against people of different sexual orientations and gender identities, some nations go as far as giving people the death penalty or incarceration. We must therefore ask ourselves whether there is a connection between the level of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) acceptance and the level of inclusiveness of the laws of a country. According to Sasha, gender is "the term for what people feel about themselves, how they feel inside," and it does not automatically correspond with the biological sex at birth (Slater).
Community values are reflected in the school’s curriculum, and teachers could bridge the divide between privileged and marginalized students by honoring their identities. Traditional curricula that rely on whole-class topics that privilege heteronormative expectations do a great disservice to diverse learners. These topics isolate students. However, topics with LGBT representation normalize LGBT students, creating a safe space for academic and emotional growth. Scholars are beginning to develop models for understanding LGBT integration in education, but the role of religion in encouraging or hindering LGBT inclusion has been theorized (Revelle, Carol and Anna Waugh).
Beyond bridging literature on the political sociology of LGBT rights and religion and the culture wars, against this backdrop of legal vulnerability, Legislators who oppose same-sex marriage and recent moves to advance transgender equalit ...
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality In A School ContextCynthia Velynne
This document summarizes a research study that examined students' attitudes toward homosexuality and how those attitudes correlate with certain factors. The study surveyed 451 college students about their attitudes using a scale, and analyzed how attitudes related to age, gender, religion, church attendance, exposure to LGBT people, and preference for media with LGBT characters. The results found that attitudes could range from liberal to conservative depending on the situation, and that several factors like age, gender, religion and church attendance were significantly correlated with attitudes toward homosexuality. The study provides insight into understanding attitudes toward the LGBT community in an educational setting.
This document discusses the need to create supportive spaces for transgender youth. It notes that transgender youth face unique challenges, such as lack of role models, victimization, and family rejection. The document outlines how community centers can help by providing resources to address basic needs, support identity development, and foster connections. Focus groups with transgender youth found that centers helped them access services, counseling, and social support networks. Centers should receive training to better understand transgender issues and support the well-being of these youth.
[ver 3] LGBTQ+ Research on Vietnam Culture x Coming out .pdfphuonganhnguyen0173
The presentation I made on my research “The effects of cultural beliefs on the process of "coming out" of Same-sex attracted individuals in Hanoi”, was presented at the Student Scientific Conference of the Faculty of International Studies 2021-2022
Presentation Masculinities in Hiv Jerker 11 11 08 (V2)IDS
The document discusses research on masculinities and how it can be applied to issues of HIV, sex, and health. It outlines key findings from masculinity research, including that there are multiple masculinities that exist, how masculinities are socially constructed and learned over time, and that they are complex and dynamic. It then discusses how early HIV prevention approaches relied on simplistic gender binaries and narratives that did not engage men effectively. It argues for moving beyond binary understandings of gender and vulnerability to recognize complexities.
Analysis Of LGBT Identity Development Models And Implications For PracticeMartha Brown
This summary provides an overview of LGBT identity development models:
- Stage models from the 1970s focused on resolving internal conflicts around gay/lesbian identities and the "coming out" process, though they were limited by primarily studying white men.
- More recent research examines identities of bisexuals, people of color, women, and the influence of other social identities. This highlights the diversity within LGBT communities.
- Alternatives to stage models take a life span approach and consider broader social contexts rather than narrow stages, allowing for more fluid and varied experiences.
1) The document presents summaries of several publications from recent years on topics related to education, sociology, and gender studies.
2) One publication examines the acculturation of immigrants using path analysis, while another analyzes the scientific productivity of award-winning Israeli scientists.
3) Several publications study the issue of femicide, including failed femicides among migrant women and theories of femicide.
4) Other topics covered include the effectiveness of parent-based early childhood interventions, political opinions among youth, and observations of child-rearing practices in Germany from an Israeli perspective.
1. The document defines key terms related to gender studies such as gender, social research approaches, and ethics in research.
2. It discusses how gender studies emerged from the need to analyze and challenge male-centered knowledge and how gender roles are socially constructed and change over time and place.
3. The document covers diversity and inclusion in gender studies, different approaches to gender research, important ethics to consider, and viewing gender through a human ecological lens.
Sujay Extended identity theory FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
1. The document proposes an "Extended Identity Theory" that builds upon the author's previous work on generic identity theory. It aims to model identity in relation to real-world data from a multicultural perspective.
2. Key concepts from previous papers are reviewed, including components of identity, theories of identity formation, and a "symbiotic approach" to sociocultural change. The author argues observations must consider multicultural viewpoints.
3. The paper proposes several extensions to identity theory and applications to real-world problems. It presents data from different world regions and aims to develop concepts that can address real issues.
In this qualitative research study, Kristen Martinez, M.Ed., Ed.S., LMHCA, NCC, an LGBT+ affirmative therapist at Pacific NorthWell, interviewed five self-identified gay men about their experiences coming out and staying out.
This document summarizes the education and professional experience of Sarah Walters Vollentine. She holds a Master's degree in Recreation and Leisure Services with a focus on Therapeutic Recreation from Texas State University, where she later worked as a Lecturer. Her professional experience includes internships with municipal parks departments and working as a Recreation Therapy Intern. She has presented at several professional conferences on topics related to inclusive recreation and evidence-based practice.
This document provides a report on Sarah Walters' value added project at ResCare Premier Texas. The project initially involved developing a stress management group, but expanded in scope. Sarah led the stress management group and used her role hosting research review sessions to present on related interventions and discuss adapting them. This led the team to integrate group concepts more in daily programming through staff education and home practice. While Sarah's tenure ended, she set this process in motion and improved the stress management group. She was glad to engage in evidence-based practice and initiate lasting changes to group learning provision. Materials from the stress management group and her presentations are provided.
This document summarizes an asset mapping and recreation program review conducted for the City of Schertz, Texas. The review found a lack of recreation programs offered by the Schertz Parks and Recreation Department, resulting in residents relying on various non-profit and commercial entities for programming. Specifically, there was a concentration of programs near the city center, leaving a gap in the heavily populated northwest area. Additionally, most programs served children and youth, with few opportunities for older adults. The recommendations call for the Parks department to address needs in the northwest part of the city and for older adults, which can be done without creating redundancies or lack of interest.
The participant was assessed using a non-standardized assessment tool developed by the CTRS. The assessment gathered information on the participant's diagnosis, interests, and barriers to leisure participation. It found the participant enjoys activities like running, hiking, and music but identified being at the facility and inability to leave as barriers. The participant displayed some confusion about why he was at the facility and made comments implying past involvement with marijuana distribution. He expressed a desire to live independently with only once daily staff checks.
The Pawnee Teen Center offers a variety of programs for teens including soccer and basketball leagues, art programs, tutoring, college fairs, and outdoor adventure trips. This document includes budgets for the upcoming fiscal year for several of the center's programs including the College Fair, Basketball Leagues, and Teen Adventure trips. The budgets provide information on projected revenues and expenses including payroll, supplies, marketing costs, and insurance. The pricing strategies aim to recover costs through average cost pricing while keeping programs affordable for teens.
The document is a program plan for the Haunted Haus 2012 event organized by the New Braunfels Parks and Recreation Department. It provides an overview of the department, which maintains parks and offers recreation programs for the city of New Braunfels. It then outlines the planning and operations for the Haunted Haus event, including organization, staffing, activities, and schedules. The plan aims to create a fun and safe Halloween event for the community.
This document outlines goals and procedures for teaching several skills to students with autism spectrum disorder. It includes goals for a student to learn to skip count by 10s to 100 using a hundreds chart, write complete simple sentences, request a sensory break using a picture symbol, ask to go to the bathroom verbally and with sign language, and wash hands before eating snack. The document provides details on instructional procedures, prompting hierarchies, data collection, maintenance and generalization for each goal.
This article examines an outdoor adventure education program used to improve retention of nontraditional early childhood education students. The program was designed to boost personal and social growth through experiential exercises and team challenges. It aimed to help students share fears/frustrations, see their situations differently, and feel more empowered. The study employed qualitative methods to analyze themes from debriefing discussions, finding that students experienced outcomes like perseverance and overcoming fears. The program was intended as a supportive, therapeutic intervention using the context of activities to develop meaning related to students' work through guided reflection.
This document summarizes a research study on media representation of lesbian, gay, and bisexual athletes who have come out publicly. The study analyzed articles from ESPN and Yahoo Sports covering the coming out stories of 17 athletes. Key findings include:
1) The articles often framed each athlete's coming out as a momentous, historic event for both sport and society, presenting them as role models breaking barriers.
2) There were some differences in how male and female athletes' stories were covered, with more focus on challenging stereotypes for lesbian athletes.
3) Overall, the study provides insight into how media representation has evolved from ignoring homosexuality in sport to more positively covering coming out stories, though some stereotypes persist
This document describes a LEGO-based social skills program for children and adolescents ages 6-16 with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The program aims to improve social skills like initiating interactions, maintaining conversations, and generalizing skills to real-world settings. It uses LEGO play both individually and in small or large groups to motivate social learning and practice. Staff are trained to implement the program safely and evaluate outcomes through participant assessments and guardian surveys.
The document outlines the program plan for the Woodlands Township Youth Tennis Camp. The camp is a weekly summer program for children ages 5-16 that includes tennis instruction, crafts, and pool time. Goals of the camp include providing a high-quality yet affordable program and increasing participation and revenue. The camp will be held at Bear Branch Park and managed by a head tennis pro who will oversee staff and day-to-day operations, including a contingency plan for inclement weather. Equipment, supplies, and marketing materials were purchased in advance of the 10-week camp.
The document summarizes the key changes to OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard in 2012, which updated the system for classifying and communicating information about chemical hazards. The major changes include a standardized global system for classifying chemicals based on their health, physical and environmental hazards. Chemical labels and Safety Data Sheets were also updated to new formats with consistent sections, pictograms, and other elements to better inform workers about hazards and protective measures. The training covered the new formats for labels and Safety Data Sheets and how chemicals will be classified and their hazards communicated under the updated standard.
The City of Round Rock is seeking a photographer or studio to provide professional photography services for their parks and trails. The selected photographer will be responsible for taking high quality photos that capture the architecture and everyday use of each park facility and trail. Photographers must demonstrate experience with architectural and action photography of outdoor scenes, as well as the equipment and ability to deliver final high-resolution digital photos including RAW files. The submission should include samples of previous work, resume, pricing, and information addressing the qualifications in the RFQ. The City will shortlist applicants to interview and then select a photographer to contract for the project.
The Round Rock Parks and Recreation Department has created a sponsorship policy to seek additional funding from businesses and organizations. The policy outlines guidelines for acceptable sponsorships, including restricting certain industries like alcohol and requiring sponsor messages to be consistent with the department's mission of creating positive experiences. It establishes different sponsorship levels that provide benefits to sponsors in exchange for funding to support parks and recreation facilities and programs. The policy aims to generate new revenue sources while maintaining the department's public image.
The document provides a program plan for the 2012 Haunted Haus event hosted by the New Braunfels Parks and Recreation Department. The plan outlines details of the annual haunted house event including the target teenage audience, rationalization of providing a fun Halloween program, goals of ensuring safety, a fun experience, and event success, and evaluation methods to assess goal achievement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Running head: ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 1
Issues of Leisure for People with Nonnormative Sexual Identities
and of Related Research: An Exploratory Review
Sarah Walters
Texas State University
2. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 2
Abstract
This paper recognizes the permeation of issues related to nonnormative sexual identity
throughout popular and scholarly discourse as justified by the evident marginalization of
the LGBTQ population as well as the fundamental nature of sexual identity as a formative
element of psychosocial development. The focus is on issues of nonnormative sexualities
within the field of leisure studies. The purpose of the paper is to explore the major themes
found throughout LGBTQ leisure research to build a broad foundation of understanding of
this body of knowledge and to establish theoretical perspective as a primary determinant
of the effectiveness of research on this topic.
Keywords: LGBTQ, gay, lesbian, leisure, sexual identity, nonnormative, queer
3. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 3
Issues of Leisure for People with Nonnormative Sexual Identities
and of Related Research: An Exploratory Review
Topics related to the experiences and identities of individuals with nonnormative
sexualities, such as the dubious ethicality of gay conversion therapy or of transgender
individuals being denied admission to women’s colleges, have become increasingly
prevalent in popular news. These topics transcend speculative public dialogue as key
political and legal matters—the most heavily anticipated US Supreme Court ruling of 2015
will be on the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans, and there are over 100 bills that
could limit the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ)
individuals in US state legislatures as of April 1, 2015 (“State & Local Advocacy,” 2015).
With these stories dominating social media feeds and print headlines alike, it is
unsurprising that discourse concerning nonnormative sexualities has also permeated
academic literature. This permeation is justified not only by the cultural and systematic
marginalization of the LGBTQ community evident in these stories but also by the
fundamental nature of sexual identity, and particularly nonnormative sexual identity, as a
defining element of psychosocial development.
Like most social science disciplines, by their very nature primed for illuminating the
many components of this complex psychosocial topic, the leisure studies field has not been
exempt from this trend. Scholarly work related to nonnormative sexual identity has been
present in the leisure literature since the 1990s and only continues to evolve (Johnson &
Kivel, 2007). Throughout the development of this body of knowledge, several major themes
have been apparent: homonegativity and discrimination as primary issues for LGBTQ
leisure participation (Jacobson & Samdahl, 1998); leisure as a context for sexual identity
4. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 4
development (Caldwell, Kivel, Smith, & Hayes, 1998; Kivel & Kleiber, 2000; Johnson, 1999;
Kivel, 1994); and the critique of heteronormativity and the gender binary as compulsory
standards in leisure and sport (Sartore & Cunningham, 2009; Lenskyj, 2012; Elling &
Janssens, 2009). More recently, much of the literature addressing nonnormative sexual
identities and the leisure experiences of the LGBTQ population has been metaliterary in
nature, analyzing the theoretical perspectives of past research and addressing the need for
a shift in perspective to one that avoids transcendental pretense and better serves the
population considered (Johnson & Kivel, 2007; Jones, 2010; Robinett, 2014).
The purpose of this paper is not to prove the marginalization of the LGBTQ
population within leisure and call for its resolution or to delve into one facet of LGBTQ
leisure experience through a heteronormative lens. Rather, the purpose is to explore the
major themes identified above—surveying each through consideration of one or several
representative articles—in an effort to inform future study that is grounded in vaguely
comprehensive awareness of the body of knowledge related to issues of leisure for people
with nonnormative sexual identities. Moreover, the purpose is to consider the significance
of frame of research as a primary determinant of the effectiveness of research on this topic
and to further establish the need for LGBTQ leisure research written from intentionally
crafted perspectives that avoid the heteronormativity and dichotomous nature that it so
frequently critiques.
Homonegativity as an Issue of Leisure Experience
The multidimensional term “homonegativity,” which encompasses all negative
affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses towards individuals identifying as LGBTQ,
replaced the less effective term “homophobia” in the late 1970s (Roderick, McCammon,
5. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 5
Long, & Allred, 1998). Homonegativity, which can range from suppressed internalized
belief to belligerent physical violence, is recognized as destructive to both quality of
experience and basic safety for individuals identifying as LGBTQ. The incidence of
homonegativity and discrimination against LGBTQ individuals within leisure, as well as the
importance of effectively reacting to and deconstructing this stigma, is well documented
(Jacobson & Samdahl, 1998; Kivel, 1994; Elling & Janssens, 2009).
Jacobson & Samdahl (1998) presented the postulation that “[leisure studies
researchers’] a priori belief in the goodness of leisure has prevented [them] from exploring
the opposite side of this relationship,” and argued that this belief has resulted in an
established conceptual tilt limiting the study of topics such as homonegativity within
leisure (p. 234). They considered the possibility that leisure may serve as a reinforcing
context for stigma and discrimination experienced by generally marginalized populations
and addressed, from a broad social and ecological lens, the presence of and reaction to such
stigma and discrimination within the leisure experiences of lesbians over the age of 60.
Their research found that participants did experience both subtle and overt
homonegativity in and outside of leisure and that participants intentionally segmented
their lives due to fear of physical harm and societal devaluation. However, it also made
clear that this segmentation and the resulting intentional construction of alternative
community led to positive experiences such as meaningful activist leisure and validating
interaction with other “old lesbians.” The authors concluded that studying leisure as both a
function and determinant of environment—a context for both reinforcing and combatting
negative social constructs—will improve ability to understand those “who live their lives
on the fringes of society” (p. 253).
6. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 6
Leisure as Context for Sexual Identity Development
Leisure is almost universally accepted as a fundamental context for general identity
development throughout the lifespan (Kelly, 1983; Kleiber, 1999; Larson, 1994). There has
been much research exploring the notion that the same is likely true for nonnormative
sexual identity development (Caldwell et al., 1998; Kivel & Kleiber, 2000; Johnson, 1999;
Kivel, 1994). Johnson (1999) addressed ways in which leisure contributes to identity
development for LGBTQ individuals as well as various obstacles for this population to
accessing positive developmental leisure experiences. The study found that “leisure either
complicated or facilitated identity development depending on the extent to which it
affected identification with [the LGBTQ community] and the individual’s perceptions of
membership in that group” (p. 275). Positively, group enclosure was identified as a means
of developing positive gay identity, and leisure was recognized as an opportunity for
defining self in relation to others; negatively, marginalization was acknowledged as an
issue for those unwilling or hesitant to publically identify as gay—several participants
attested to either entirely avoiding situations that would stigmatize them or intentionally
passing as heterosexual. This homonegativity, the author concluded, is the primary
obstacle to accessing developmental leisure opportunities for LGBTQ individuals and to
effectively researching the leisure experiences of this population.
Caldwell et al. (1998) also explored the leisure context of LGBTQ adolescent identity
development and obstacles to this development. The article identified LGBTQ youth as at-
risk and as virtually ignored within leisure research, and investigated health and identity-
related factors as both determinants and results of their leisure. It established leisure as
“an important social and developmental context” for LGBTQ youth but found that leisure
7. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 7
may be problematic for this population, particularly gay males, due to acute awareness of
differences from the dominant culture (p. 350). The authors concluded that the
relationship between these two factors—the dual significance and problematic nature of
leisure—warrants further study “to identify how the leisure context, in conjunction with
other contexts, can be structured to facilitate the positive, healthy developmental
opportunities” needed by LGBTQ youth (p. 353).
Kivel & Kleiber (2000) responded to the call for further research issued in the
previous study with an attempt to develop overarching themes describing the role of
leisure in the process of identity formation for LGBTQ youth. The study determined that
“the influence of leisure contexts in terms of the integration of personal and social identity
formation was mitigated by the extent to which young people felt the need to conceal their
sexual identity” (p. 226). While leisure was identified as a useful tool for resisting narrowly
prescribed expectations (establishing nonparticipation as being at least as defining as
participation) and exploring sexual identity in unconventional ways, access to
developmentally useful leisure experiences was recognized as limited by the reinforcement
of institutionalized discrimination. For most adolescents, leisure is a means for exploring,
committing to, and internalizing both public and personal identities, but the same is not
possible for LGBTQ youth who do not feel as if they can internalize leisure identity without
fostering the perception of a stigmatized social identity. The authors suggested that
marginalization undermined even the very thought of a possibility that leisure might be
used as a context for developing social identity in LGBTQ youth, and concluded that this
group, in contrast to the general population, develops personal but not social identity
through leisure.
8. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 8
Heteronormativity as Compulsory Standard in Leisure and Sport
Societal heteronormativity is defined as “the assumption that there exists only two
sexes with dichotomously affixed gender meanings that substantiate heterosexual
attraction and relationships as the norm” (Sartore & Cunningham, 2009, p. 289).
Furthermore, it is the pervasive, institutionalized reinforcement of gendered hierarchies
and of the power and status differences existing between heterosexual individuals and
individuals with nonnormative sexual identities (Sartore & Cunningham, 2009, p. 290). The
context of leisure and sport is widely regarded as a construct in which heteronormativity is
socially and institutionally reinforced (Messner, 2002; Barber & Krane, 2005; Messner &
Solomon, 2007; Griffin, 1998), and various studies have examined the impact of
compulsory heteronormativity on individuals with nonnomorative sexual identities
(Sartore & Cunningham, 2009; Lenskyj, 2012; Elling & Janssens, 2009). It is also commonly
argued that leisure studies research operates within the same heteronormative,
dichotomous context that dictates the construct that it studies (Robinett, 2014).
Sartore & Cunningham (2009) addressed the causalities and consequences of the
lesbian stigma within the sport context. The article explains that social status is linked to
conformance to gender ideals and that, just as low status, out-group membership leaves
women vulnerable to stigmatization, high status, in-group membership allows male
dominance. The negative effects of lesbian stigma on women are both a result and a
perpetuation of heterosexual norms, and the stigma contributes to the continued gendered
nature of sport and marginalization of both women and LGBTQ individuals. The authors
conclude that nearly all women, whether they identify as lesbian or not, are conscious of
the lesbian stigma and can experience the status loss and discrimination that come with the
9. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 9
lesbian label. While the focus is on the impact of lesbian stigma on women of all sexualities,
the article acknowledges that women identifying as lesbian are susceptible to increased
negative effects due to their being either more or less vigilant to avoiding the stigma based
on the publicity of their identities.
Elling and Janssens (2009) employed poststructuralist quantitative methodology in
an effort to improve upon the largely postpositive, qualitative research that dominates
LGBTQ leisure literature. The authors conceded that these qualitative studies have been
successful in establishing the ideas that lower social status individuals participate in
mainstream leisure at a lower rate and that exclusionary mechanisms for LGBTQ
individuals do exist in various activities and organizational structures. They justified their
focus on compiling empirical quantitative data with the lack of participation figures for
LGBTQ individuals due to the stigma that has limited its study as an independent social
variable. The study considered the participation rates of LGBTQ men and women in
comparison to heterosexual men and women. The results suggested that participation
patterns are partly structured by sexuality as evidenced by the definitive impact of fear of
homonegativity on the leisure choices of gay men and by the tendency of lesbian women to
participate in “masculine” activities at a higher rate than heterosexual women. The authors
concluded that “non-heterosexual sports biographies do not only reflect ‘individual leisure
preferences’ but also constant – subconscious – negotiations of leisure motivations, social
identifications, and experiences or expected . . . constraints with respect to
[homonegativity] and heteronormativity” (pp. 83-84).
Lenskyj (2012) reflected on the characterization of heteronormativity and gender
identities in leisure and sport media as well as how sport and leisure discourse has fueled
10. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 10
heteronormativity and homonegativity. The article considered the perception that “in sport
‘all the men are straight and all the women are gay’” and discussed heteronormativity as
social control. The author concluded that, while more progressive trends in media
treatment of sexuality issues have emerged, it is crucial to continue to examine
heteronormativity and sexual identities through the development of intersectional analysis
perspectives.
LGBTQ Leisure Research as Metaliterary Critique
As the author has alluded throughout this paper, there is an ethic of consistent
academic consideration of effectiveness woven throughout the leisure research related to
issues of nonnormative sexual identities. This metaliterary critique of the effectiveness of
different theoretical perspectives and methodologies is the basis of many recent works
surrounding this topic. Robinett (2014) examined the level of corruption that
heteronormative ideologies have rendered upon otherwise socially just research. Johnson
and Kivel (2007) introduced a broader theoretical perspective building on queer theory
that “problematizes the rigid and mutually exclusive categories of identity that organize
contemporary social science research” (p. 93).
Robinett (2014) critiqued the tendency toward dichotomous, heteronormative
ideologies in leisure research, a tendency that he described as pervasive even in works on
topics of nonnormative sexual identities. The article is centered on the critical theoretical
perspective of emancipatory research. This methodology is characterized by the offer of
“the capacity for individual and collective healing when participants develop shared
understandings of relational positions, privileges, and tensions that are negotiated through
lived experiences” (p. 373). The article suggested that emancipatory research, supported
11. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 11
by the agenda of social justice, could allow scholars to frame their own experiences,
positions, and findings more effectively and to better negotiate the complexities of
individual and collective understandings. The author posited that this practice would allow
leisure scholars to better understand the level to which heteronormative ideologies have
“infected” research and to better prevent further “infection” in their own work. He
concluded that “mindful attention to what ideologies research counters or supports and
[clear positioning of] the researcher’s purpose can be practices of emancipation” (p. 376).
Johnson and Kivel (2007) suggested that leisure scholars have generally studied
issues relating to LGBTQ individuals without using LGBTQ theory. The least effective
studies, they argued, have examined aspects of LGBTQ leisure – satisfaction, health-related
benefits – without acknowledging the hetero/homosexual binary. Other more successful
studies have examined the binary but have failed to offer any substantial critique or to
challenge the stability of heteronormative leisure: “While Bialeschki and Pearce (1997),
Hekma (1998), and Jacobson and Samdahl (1998) all do an excellent job of examining, and
to some extent critiquing, the heterosexual/homosexual binary, they do little in the way of
deconstructing or challenging our current heterosexual ideologies and/or the socially
constructed heterosexual/homosexual binary” (p. 96). The authors established a need for a
more critical sociological analysis, as opposed to narrow social psychological commitment,
in studying issues of nonnormative sexual identities in leisure and sports. The authors
argued that this shift could be achieved with the critical employment of queer theory (see
subsection below) and that the use of queer as both theory and practice could transform
and subvert marginalizing structures of heteronormativity in both leisure practice and
study. The article concluded that “incorporating a gay and lesbian theoretical perspective
12. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 12
requires a shift in thinking beyond studies of those individuals who identify as gay or
lesbian” and seeks “to offer a framework to discuss topics that expand the opportunities
and resources for non-oppressive interaction by critiquing the underlying ideology that
surrounds dominant heterosexual attitudes, values, and beliefs” (p. 95-97).
Queer Theory
Queer theory is rooted in the work of Foucault (1978), who argued that sex is a
cause, not an effect, of gender relations and encouraged sexuality scholars “to reason that
sexuality is always historically based on and produced by the dominant culture’s use of
power” (Johnson & Kivel, 2007, p. 97). It combines knowledge of genealogies of sex and
gender and the concept of homosexuality to critically examine the domination of
heteronormativity in a step toward liberating LGBTQ individuals (Johnson and Kivel, 2007,
p. 102). It is “not a singular or systematic conceptual or methodological framework, but a
collection of intellectual engagements with the relations between sex, gender, and sexual
desire” (Spargo, 1999, p. 9). It is a mass of scholarship on nonnormative sexualities that
attempts “to illustrate how lesbians and gay men negotiate with institutions and
individuals more or less hostile, neutral, or external to them” (Marcus, 2005, p.213).
Beyond this perspective built on the extant literature of LGBTQ experience, queer theory by
simple definition is the critical study of all things considered abnormal. Johnson and Kivel
(2007) suggest that queer theory can be critically employed to vastly improve the quality
and emancipatory power of leisure research on the issues of nonnormative sexual
identities.
13. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 13
Conclusion
Issues of nonnormative sexual identities have become pervasive topics of discourse
both in public and scholarly settings. The leisure studies discipline has followed this trend,
and there exists a diverse and expanding body of knowledge related to issues of leisure for
individuals with nonnormative sexual identities. In order to inform continued research on
the topic, the author has found it necessary to build vaguely comprehensive understanding
of the body of knowledge related to LGBTQ leisure. A survey of major themes—constraints
of homonegativity and discrimination, leisure as a context for identity development, and
the problematic nature of compulsory heteronormativity—contributes to this framework.
An understanding of the significance of intentionally selecting the most effective critical
theoretical perspective, as investigated within metaliterary studies regarding LGBTQ
leisure issues, has also been identified as crucial.
This exploratory review of themes throughout major contributions to the body of
knowledge has revealed an evolution of focus that will guide further research. While the
understanding of specific facets of LGBTQ leisure experiences (such as youth identity
development and successful aging) within the standard heteronormative view has and will
continue to be important, it is evident that research can be significantly more powerful if it
focuses on deconstructing this heteronormativity to enact social justice and galvanize real
emancipatory change. The critical adaptation of queer theory in LGBTQ leisure research, as
advocated in Johnson and Kivel (2007), can bring about a dynamic challenge to the
established structures of heteronormativity in society and in the literature by offering
“diverse subjectivities with multiple theoretical utilities” and “studying phenomenon such
as leisure and sport in ways that challenge normative discursive ideologies and arouse
14. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 14
political activism in an effort to eliminate injustice” (p. 103). By focusing on the systemic
problem that necessitates this research, and by expanding the definition from queer in the
sense of sexuality to all identities and experiences that are considered abnormal, leisure
scholars not only make themselves more powerful forces for change but also expose
themselves to seemingly inexhaustible opportunities for future study.
15. ISSUES OF LEISURE FOR PEOPLE WITH NONNORMATIVE SEXUALITIES 15
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