The presentation I made on my research “The effects of cultural beliefs on the process of "coming out" of Same-sex attracted individuals in Hanoi”, was presented at the Student Scientific Conference of the Faculty of International Studies 2021-2022
2. INTRODUCTION
01
Topic. Research aim,
objectives
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
02 Three main Research Questions
and our question set
THEORY 03
Literature review
summary and Theoretical
framework
METHODOLOGY
04
Elements of conducting
research
RESULTS
05
Findings and Discussion
CONCLUSIONS
06
Outcomes and Takeaway
lessons
4. RESEARCH TITLE
The effects of cultural beliefs on the process of
"coming out" of Same-sex attracted individuals
in Hanoi
5. Researchaimandobjectives
We conduct the research with ambitious aims to bring about equality and improve the
human rights situation in the case of coming-out of same-sex individuals in Hanoi.
Objectives
● to link the threats of assumptions about people’s true self and free will in love;
● to analyze the representative facets of Vietnamese culture during it;
● to spread awareness about the issue;
● to encourage the action of coming out; and
● to support the LGBTQ+ Community on their gains of rights.
7. 01
What are the stigmas of Vietnamese traditions
and beliefs towards homosexuality that obscure
the gay and lesbian from coming out?
02 03
How do Vietnamese cultural beliefs shape people’s
mindset about same sex relationship? And why do
these beliefs are engraved so deeply?
What action should supporters take to protect
and aid the homosexual community in their
process of coming out?
8. Overview
In-depth interviews (10 participants)
● 04 sessions with non-LGBTQ+ members.
● 06 sessions with individuals of the Gay/Lesbian community.
2 sets of Questions, contain: Demographic/General questions
Open-ended questions
Other options/Follow up questions
9. 1. Why is there still some intolerance towards Lesbians and
Gays among the public?
2. Are you familiar with the concept of “Coming out”?
3. How important do you think for a person to live as who
they are in the case of Lesbians and Gays?
4. What kind of experience do you think the Gays and
Lesbians would have when “coming out”?
5. Are there any differences when it comes to having
children for heterosexual couples and same-sex couples? If
yes, how different?
1. How does everyone around you (family, friends,
coworkers, etc.) feel about the Same-sex people/LGBT
community?
2. Have you come out/told anyone about your sexuality?
a. If yes, What was your experience (Positive/Negative)?
How do you feel after coming out?
b. If not, why? What are the problems that are preventing
you from doing so? Do you feel pressured to do it as soon
as possible? Or are you okay staying “closeted” in the long
run?
3. How do you think Vietnamese culture affects the
thought process of the Lesbians and Gay community in
general, and in Hanoi in particular?
Open-endedquestions
non-LGBTQI LesbiansandGays
11. LiteratureReviewSummary
Old social culture has contributed a lot to shaping gender norms in society nowadays. Many
researches have pointed out that until now, people's opinions and expectations about gender
are still heavily influenced by the old society.
→ This makes it difficult for people in the LGBTQ+ community to "come out" because of the
stigma from the society and even within their families.
In order to conceal the truth and not be discriminated from society, a large number of
same-sex people have to live a two-faced life, they get married to men or women but still
have a partner with similar sexual characteristics. (Giuse Nguyễn Văn Quýnh, n.d.)
12. Conceptual Linkages Among Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Incidents of Hate Crime
(Alden H. L. et al (2005). Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Hate Crime: Linking Attitudes to MacroLevel Anti-Gay and
Lesbian Hate Crimes)
13. LiteratureReviewsources
Key2ndary sources Supporting Minor
Alden H. L. et al (2005). Gender Role Ideology,
Homophobia and Hate Crime: Linking Attitudes
to MacroLevel Anti-Gay and Lesbian Hate
Crimes
J. Myers (2013). Historical dictionaries of
religions, philosophies, and movements:
Historical dictionary of the lesbian and gay
liberation movements
Giuse Nguyen Van
Quynh (2013). Phong
hóa Việt Nam và quan
hệ đồng tính
COC Netherlands (2021). Context Analysis on
the State of the LGBTI Movement in Vietnam
Joseph Trí Nguyễn (2020). Tại sao người
ta kỳ thị đồng tính một cách vô thức?
Kahan B. (2016).
What is Sexual
Modernity?
Vu Thanh Long, iSEE (2016). Nghiên cứu định
tính tại Hà Nội, Huế, và Thành phố Hồ Chí
Minh về trải nghiệm và suy nghĩ của LGBT trẻ
với “Công khai xu hướng tính dục”
iSEE (2019). Quan điểm xã hội về hôn
nhân đồng giới: nghiên cứu định tính tại
Hà Nội và Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Vusta (2009). Ý niệm
về đôi - cặp trong ca
dao người Việt về
hôn nhân và gia đình
14. Coming-out
refers to the process LGBTQ+ people go through as they work to accept their sexual
orientation or gender identity and share that identity openly with other people.
Cope with Feelings.
Prejudices.
Hetero/cis-normative ideals from other people.
An individual may be "out" to important people in their life, but may continually “come
out” to new people such as medical providers, new friends and co-workers.
(Planned Parenthood (2017); Case Western Reserve University)
15. Vietnam:Coupleculture &
TraditionalFamilyimage
Couple is 'a collection of two things of the same type, two individuals corresponding
to each other and forming a unit in terms of function, use or life'; A pair is "a set of two
things, two individuals of the same type that go together into a unified whole".
Couple - pair (đôi - cặp) is used to refer to a collection of two individuals of the same
type that go together to form a functional unity.
Nguyen, T. (2020)
16. Vietnam:Coupleculture &
TraditionalFamilyimage
Collectivism Community - people should prioritize the good of society over the
welfare of the individual.
Heterosexual Privilege/ Cisgender privilege - the unearned benefits you receive
when your gender identity matches your sex assigned at birth.
Collectivism Community and Heterosexual Privilege/ Cisgender privilege are the two
main arguments against Homosexuality.
Kwang-Il Yoon (2010) pp. 152, 154; Myers J. (2013)
17. The linksoftraditionalsex
rolestogendered homophia
the process of ‘‘doing gender’’: ‘‘essential’’ nature of men (dominance) and women
(deference).
→ Urban areas with less gender inequality (or more gender equity) have significantly
higher counts of gay and lesbian victimization.
Gay bashing provides proof of manhood and serves as a resource for accomplishing
hegemonic masculinity.
(Alden H. et al (2005); West et al (1991); Bufkin (19970; Franklin (2000);
Messerschmidt (1999); Perry (2001))
18. Conceptual Linkages Among Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Incidents of Hate Crime
(Alden H. L. et al (2005). Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Hate Crime: Linking Attitudes to MacroLevel Anti-Gay and Lesbian Hate Crimes)
The linksoftraditionalsexrolesto
genderedhomophia
20. Misguidedhomophobicconcerns
in culturalperspective
moral intuitions - unconscious judgments that are rooted in our
emotions or what we have been taught, and often involve hate.
cognitive bias - when your perception of reality is dominated by
strong emotions, it creates cognitive bias.
Jonathan Haidt.
Rationalized
homophobia
24. Non-LGBTQ+
Person 1 Person 2
Causes of stigma “...Like the legends from the previous curriculum,
they also talk about male-female relationships a
lot… So when they see those same-sex couples,
it doesn't fit with people's perception.”
“I think this is a matter of their mindset.
That is, they have been educated to think
that sex is only about men and women…”
Come-out importance “It's also important to them, to be comfortable
being themselves, to live as they are…”
“I think this is a meaningful thing, because
coming out is about letting the people
around them, the people they love, know
about their sexual orientation.”
Community reactions “I think, the reactions will fall into two
categories. One side agrees and the other side
disagrees. Those who disagree will of course find
it scary, and that leads to stigma…supporters
first will be quite surprised, then gradually get
used to and care, then they will also feel happy.”
“...If someone comes out, the people
around them are also quite surprised. If it's
worse, they won't accept it…”
25. Homosexuals
Person 1 Person2
Causes of stigma “...lots of causes: age gap, generation
differences, the social norms which had
been there since ages ago […] (the
relationship) is only normal when it’s a
man and a woman, like Lạc Long Quân and
Âu Cơ…”
“...it’s too new, they fear the new stuff,
they think it’s weird and don’t want to be
involved in this weirdness…”
Come out importance Not important (“as long as you’re
comfortable with your partner, people
should respect that”).
Had done it to friends and family and
coworkers, but felt like “it was for
nothing”.
Community reaction “...my mom was very easy, she listened to
my coming out story, she loves me as her
child, no matter what my ‘label’ is…”
“...I told my aunt first, and then she told
my mom, they both didn’t understand [...]
and they didn’t want me to be ‘different’
from other girls…”
26. FINDINGS&DISCUSSION
ThePerspectiveof
Homophobia
Could be educated to respect
collectivism.
Could be natural fear of the
unknown.
Coming-outis…
Necessary for LGBTQ+ to reveal
their true self for their love ones.
Not important as long as you’re
comfortable.
Social Reaction to
Homosexuals
Afraid and Hatred.
Love and Support.
