The document discusses the political and economic transformations in China under Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, outlining the extractive institutions established during Mao's regime, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. It details Deng Xiaoping's rise, his criticism of Mao's policies, and the introduction of market reforms that led to significant economic growth in China. Comparisons are made with Sri Lanka's economic transitions in relation to China's models.

1. Rebirth in China
Shriyananda Rathnayake (PMP)
Master of Development Study
University of Colombo

2. Rebirth in China
Mao zedong Deng xiaoping

3. Characteristics of Moa regime
• Political and economical institute created were highly
extractive, No Political Party allowed.
• Nationalized Land, abolished all kind of property right &
market economy
• Community in rural area were organized to communal
farms
• money and wage were replaced by work point.
• Internal passport were introduced in order to ban
unauthorized travel.

4. Development plans of Moa
regime
• The Great Leap Forward : aimed to
rapidly transform the country from an
agrarian economy into a communist
society through rapid industrialization
and collectivization.
• Backyard steel furnaces: During the
Second 5 year plan, Moa wonted to
catch the British steel industry : for
achieving this target people had to
meltdown their pots and pans as well as
agricultural tools.
The Great Leap ended in catastrophe, resulting death toll
range from 18 million to 45 million

5. Development plans of Moa
regime
• The great proletarian cultural
revolution : In 1966 mao announced
the revolution was under threat from
bourgeois, goal was to enforce
communism in the country by
removing capitalist, traditional and
cultural elements from Chinese
society,
• Result : Red guards were formed
across the country. Many people were
killed, arrested, sent in to internal
exile.

6. Deng Xiaoping
• Deng Xiaoping was very successful General during
revolution and anti-rightist campaign which result political
persecution and execution of many enemies during Great
Leap Forward.
• He experienced the failure of Mao’s development plans
• In 1961, Deng said, No matter if the cat is white or black if
its catches mice, it’s a good cat. it did not matter whether
policies appeared communist or not, china needs policies
that would encourage production, so that it could feed its
people.

7. Deng Xiaoping
• Deng labeled as number two capitalist roader, and jailed in 1967
and in 1969 he was exiled to rural tractor factory, he was
rehabilitated in 1974.
• By this time, Moa health was deteriorating and the power was
increasingly concentrated on the hands of very leftist Known as
Gang of Four.
• Gang of Four wonted to continue the cultural revolution and run
the country under dictatorship.
• The celebration of life of Zhou en-lai become a protest against
the government in 5th of April.
• The gang of four blamed Deng for the demostration and again he
was striped from all his position and finally removed him from
leftist.

8. Deng Xiaoping
• After the death of Zhou enlai, Hwah gwaw-fuhng was
appointed as acting premier instead of Deng
• September 1976 was a critical juncture as Mao died, as
Moa gone there was a true power vacuum, Gang of four
was to continue the cultural revolution, hwah gwaw-fuhng
wonted to abundant the cultural revolution.
1977 “ we will resolutely uphod whatever policy decisions chairmen moa
made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions chairmen moa gave”
• The turning point of china was, using hwah gwaw-fuhng
against Gang of Four. Gang of Four arrested and Deng was
re-instated

9. Deng Xiaoping Reforms
• Deng Encourage public criticism on cultural revolution, in series
of speeches deng criticized hwah gwaw-fuhng specially two what
ever and introduced “Seeks truth from Facts”
• Deng supporter presented some basic principal of economic
reforms
– Price should be allowed to bring the supply and demand
– No government interference determining the price
– Household responsibility system
• In 1982 hwah gwaw-fuhng was forced to step down from
premiership to be replace by Zhao Ziyang. In 1985 Deng become
the leader of party.

10. Deng & Incisive Economic Institute
• Introduction of incentives to agriculture sector made
dramatic change.
• Household responsibility system deployed though out the
country.
• In1985 State purchasing of grain was abandoned,
Administrative control of agriculture price was relaxed.
• Started 14 Open Cities to attract foreign investment.
• Market incentives in Agriculture and industry then
followed by foreign investment and technology would set
china on the path of rapid economic grouth

11. Where we went wrong?
China Sri Lanka
1949 Peoples republic of China,
Highly Extractive political
& Economical Institute
1948 Independence (dominion ) to Sri Lanka, Inclusive Economic
& Political Institute
Great Leap forward to
Backyard steel furnaces
1956 Bandaranaike changed the official language from English into
Sinhala. Also decide to nationalize some transport- and
harbor companies.
Introduction of Extractive Economic Institute
1966 Great proletarian cultural
revolution
1960 During the Sirimao regime: Nationalizied key sectors of the
economy, such as banking and insurance, petroleum
companies & so on. Created highly extractive Economic
Institute.
1970 Mao Health deterioration,
Power among the Gang of
4, Deng Rehabilitation and
releasing
1970 Srimao regained power and started close economy, she had
nationalized the country's largest newspaper, Lake House.
1984 Introduce inclusive
economic institute, but
political institute was
extractive
1978 Introduce open economy, inclusive political and
economic institute.
2013 china is second largest
economy in world
2013 Sri Lanka is now a middle-income country?

12. Q&A
Thank you