Irrigation is one of the fundamental evils in agriculture in developing countries. Usually
the farmers don’t have much awareness on how to irrigate effectively, so they tend to use more water
than required for agriculture by manually. Automatic irrigation system is developed to optimize
water use for agricultural crops in which the humidity sensor, temperature sensor, float sensor, flow
sensor are placed on the root zone of the plants. This project is designed to overcome these problems.
The algorithm which is developed with set values of these sensor and it can be programmed into PIC
microcontroller to control the water flowing. With the help of embedded technology it is easy to
control the environmental conditions such as soil moisture, temperature, float and flow level. These
components are powered by rechargeable batteries and these are charged by photovoltaic panel to
achieve full energy. This technique allows the farmers to gather the information about the soil
conditions through Zig-bee technology .This project offers an optimal solution to support irrigation
management that allows farmers to increase their productivity with minimum usage of water.
Real time atomization of agriculture system for the modernization of indian ...SHAMEER C M
This project “Real time atomization of agriculture environment for social modernization of Indian agriculture” will be useful for monitoring the soil condition of the farm field through the GSM based wireless communication as well as controlling can be done automatically by providing the water to the farm filled by switching on the motor automatically. This project will help the farmers to know the status of the farm field from the remote location
Technique smart control soil moisture system to watering plant based on IoT w...journalBEEI
Water scarcity has become the most important challenge facing the world and a source of fear to the global community from the spread of famines due to the lack of agricultural production. For this reason, researchers seek to optimize the use of food resources, including water wealth. This project contributes to the legalization of the use of water resources. One of these methods is to solve the problem of a decrease in water resources, is drip irrigation systems. An affordable system was developed using soil moisture FC-28 hygrometer sensor compatible with arduino uno R3 and sending electrical signals based on voltage difference due to increased or decreased water in the soil to the monitor through the arduino for decision to operate irrigation pumps. The system is controlled by a software that allows the user to know the current state of the soil to choose the type of plant to determine the amount of water and the possibility of adding new types of plants to the program library and other features.
Irrigation is one of the fundamental evils in agriculture in developing countries. Usually
the farmers don’t have much awareness on how to irrigate effectively, so they tend to use more water
than required for agriculture by manually. Automatic irrigation system is developed to optimize
water use for agricultural crops in which the humidity sensor, temperature sensor, float sensor, flow
sensor are placed on the root zone of the plants. This project is designed to overcome these problems.
The algorithm which is developed with set values of these sensor and it can be programmed into PIC
microcontroller to control the water flowing. With the help of embedded technology it is easy to
control the environmental conditions such as soil moisture, temperature, float and flow level. These
components are powered by rechargeable batteries and these are charged by photovoltaic panel to
achieve full energy. This technique allows the farmers to gather the information about the soil
conditions through Zig-bee technology .This project offers an optimal solution to support irrigation
management that allows farmers to increase their productivity with minimum usage of water.
Real time atomization of agriculture system for the modernization of indian ...SHAMEER C M
This project “Real time atomization of agriculture environment for social modernization of Indian agriculture” will be useful for monitoring the soil condition of the farm field through the GSM based wireless communication as well as controlling can be done automatically by providing the water to the farm filled by switching on the motor automatically. This project will help the farmers to know the status of the farm field from the remote location
Technique smart control soil moisture system to watering plant based on IoT w...journalBEEI
Water scarcity has become the most important challenge facing the world and a source of fear to the global community from the spread of famines due to the lack of agricultural production. For this reason, researchers seek to optimize the use of food resources, including water wealth. This project contributes to the legalization of the use of water resources. One of these methods is to solve the problem of a decrease in water resources, is drip irrigation systems. An affordable system was developed using soil moisture FC-28 hygrometer sensor compatible with arduino uno R3 and sending electrical signals based on voltage difference due to increased or decreased water in the soil to the monitor through the arduino for decision to operate irrigation pumps. The system is controlled by a software that allows the user to know the current state of the soil to choose the type of plant to determine the amount of water and the possibility of adding new types of plants to the program library and other features.
Prototype for automatically navigated water irrigation systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Arduino and sensors for water level, soil moisture, temperature & relative humidity for application in the ClimaAdapt Project areas - Nagarjuna Sagar Project Left and Right Canals in the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for water use efficiency - Canal and On Farm
A REAL – TIME IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE USING WSN I...IJCSEA Journal
Agricultural sector is playing vital role in Indian economy, in which irrigation mechanism is of key concern. Our paper aims to find the exact field condition and to control the wastage of water in the field and to provide exact controlling of field by using the drip irrigation, atomizing the agricultural environment by using the components and building the necessary hardware. For the precisely monitoring and controlling of the agriculture filed, different types of sensors were used. To implement the proposed
system ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller is used. The irrigation mechanism is monitored and controlled more efficiently by the proposed system, which is a real time feedback control system. GSM technology is used to inform the end user about the exact field condition. Actually this method of irrigation system has been proposed primarily to save resources, yield of crops and farm profitability.
Garden Environmental Monitoring & Automatic Control System Using SensorsIJMTST Journal
Many people have gardens in their homes. But due to their busy schedule they don’t have time to take care of
the garden. The automated garden control system achieves monitoring and control of a garden environment
by using sensors and the controller of a microcontroller running a computer program. The WSN is the recent
emerging technology in the various filed. So that by using the WSN concept we can make this paper more
reliable. The various sensors senses the garden environmental factors , microcontroller process those data
and by using ZBee protocol the data can be transmit to remote locations and demodulated by the another
Zbee, which then passes the information to the serial port. The approach of creating a GUI requires no coding
by the user and the information is still presented in a visually appealing format. The aim of our paper is to
minimize this manual intervention by the workers. Automated garden system will serve the following
purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The
irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when the motor
should be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the works. This also gives much needed rest to the workers, as
they don’t have to go and turn the motor on/off manually.
Prototype for automatically navigated water irrigation systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Arduino and sensors for water level, soil moisture, temperature & relative humidity for application in the ClimaAdapt Project areas - Nagarjuna Sagar Project Left and Right Canals in the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for water use efficiency - Canal and On Farm
A REAL – TIME IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE USING WSN I...IJCSEA Journal
Agricultural sector is playing vital role in Indian economy, in which irrigation mechanism is of key concern. Our paper aims to find the exact field condition and to control the wastage of water in the field and to provide exact controlling of field by using the drip irrigation, atomizing the agricultural environment by using the components and building the necessary hardware. For the precisely monitoring and controlling of the agriculture filed, different types of sensors were used. To implement the proposed
system ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller is used. The irrigation mechanism is monitored and controlled more efficiently by the proposed system, which is a real time feedback control system. GSM technology is used to inform the end user about the exact field condition. Actually this method of irrigation system has been proposed primarily to save resources, yield of crops and farm profitability.
Garden Environmental Monitoring & Automatic Control System Using SensorsIJMTST Journal
Many people have gardens in their homes. But due to their busy schedule they don’t have time to take care of
the garden. The automated garden control system achieves monitoring and control of a garden environment
by using sensors and the controller of a microcontroller running a computer program. The WSN is the recent
emerging technology in the various filed. So that by using the WSN concept we can make this paper more
reliable. The various sensors senses the garden environmental factors , microcontroller process those data
and by using ZBee protocol the data can be transmit to remote locations and demodulated by the another
Zbee, which then passes the information to the serial port. The approach of creating a GUI requires no coding
by the user and the information is still presented in a visually appealing format. The aim of our paper is to
minimize this manual intervention by the workers. Automated garden system will serve the following
purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The
irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when the motor
should be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the works. This also gives much needed rest to the workers, as
they don’t have to go and turn the motor on/off manually.
development of smart automated irrigation systemIJEAB
This study is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches (ON/OFF) a pump motor by sensing the moisture content of the soil using wireless technology. Through GSM Modem, the sensed moisture content data will be sent as an SMS to the user. The project uses 8051 series microcontroller, which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moistures of the soil through sensors. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing device and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. It also sends an SMS to the concerned number using GSM modem. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display the status of the soil and water pump ON/Off condition. The sensing arrangement is made using two stiff metallic rods inserted to the agricultural field required to be in control. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. This concept can also be enhanced by integrating XBEE/Bluetooth technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, the information is sent to a smart mobile phone or XBEE transceiver module regarding the status of the pump.
The developments in the agricultural field are the buzzword in the market. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important and it is well known that irrigation by drip is very economical and efficient. In the conventional drip irrigation system, the farmer has to keep watch on irrigation timetable, which is different for different crops and it is very difficult. This paper mainly focuses on designing of an accurate & cost effective Global System for Mobile (GSM) Based Automatic Drip Irrigation System using micro-controller. In order to fulfill these objectives we have used relay and solenoid valve along with a 16×2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that can be connected to the microcontroller, which will displays the soil moisture level and ambient temperature. The developed irrigation method removes the need for workmanship for flooding irrigation. Efficient water management plays an important role in the irrigated agricultural cropping systems. Time based control mechanism; volume based control mechanism and priority based mechanism can be designed in one system.
A STUDY ON DEVELOPING A SMART ENVIRONMENT IN AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION TECHNIQUEijasa
Maintaining a good irrigation system is a necessity in today’s water scarcity environment. This paper describes a new approach for automated Smart Irrigation (SIR) system in agricultural management. Using
various types of sensors in the crop field area, temperature and moisture value of the soil is monitored.Based on the sensed data, SIR will automatically decide about the necessary action for irrigation and also notifies the user. The system will also focus on the reduction of energy consumption by the sensors during communication.
Agricultural sector is backbone of Indian economy as population increas es demand of water also increases. Usually lots of water wastage takes pl ace in the land,due to improper method of irrigation. A solar-based smart irrigation system enabl es user to monitor the relative soil moisture at many different location throughout the field to more precisely scheduled irrigation cycle. By using solar energy,we can save the electr ical energy. The sensing system is based on feedback control mechanism with microcontroller unit depending upon t he varied requirement of different crops we can irrigate our field.
Implementation of agricultural automation system using web & gsm technolo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This project probes into the implementation of agricultural automation system using WEB and GSM technologies. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost system which is based on embedded platform for agricultural automation. Optimum usage of water is main objective of this system. This project uses soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor to detect the water quantity present in agriculture and water level sensor is used for detecting water level in tank. In this system we monitor status of the sensors through WEB and GSM technologies. Here temperature, soil moisture and water level can be monitored on web page through micro controller and information will be send by SMS. This page contains all the information about the status of the sensors. This information will be viewed at remote location by using GPRS technology. Key words: WEB and GSM technologies, Embedded platform, Soil moisture sensor, Temperature sensor.
SENSOR BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH MONITORING AND CONTROLLING USING IN...ijasa
This paper presents the development of a sensor based smart irrigation system with the capabilities of remote monitoring and controlling of water usage in the agriculture field using Internet of Things (IoT). With the employment of IoT in irrigation system, all agricultural information can be viewed and controlled at the user's fingertips. The system consists of a microcontroller (Node MCU), sensors (soil moisture, DHT11), and irrigation of a water pump with a decision-making system. Sensors are linked to a Wi-Fi module (Node MCU) and are interdependent to provide increased sensitivity to the irrigation system. The data obtained will be uploaded to the cloud (ThingSpeak) and presented in the form of graphs accessible via the website. A web page is used to control the water pump for irrigation purposes. This paper is managed to meet all of its aims to help farmers in terms of time, project cost, labor, water consumption, power consumption, and reliability by implementing the IoT-based smart irrigation system.
The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.
The project uses an arduino which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an arduino which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement . Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit.
The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also control the pump through SMS.
Implementation of sequential design based water level monitoring and controll...IJECEIAES
In currently decades, water usage either for domestic or commercial purposes is facing critical conditions which negatively affects the sustainability of our environment. From this point of view, reducing water consumptions will participate in the solution of water saving. Monitoring and controlling the tank water level are important functions which effect and work on reduction of water consumption. Many studies in literature focus on proposing a high performance water level monitoring and controlling systems based on either computerized units or microcontroller units. However these systems are characterized by complexity and high cost. In this paper, a highly flexible implemented electronic system is introduced based on sequential design by using general purpose discrete components. The proposed system present simple design of water level sensing stage, in addition, this paper showing full design, simulation, and implementation steps of an automation system which is able to control switching the state of the water pump in accordance to the current level of water in the tank.
REMOTE SENSING AND CONTROL FOR ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING DIGITAL IRRIGATIONijait
The remotely sensed data from an unknown location is transmitted in real time through internet and gathered in a PC. The data is collected for a considerable period of time and analyzed in PC as to assess the suitability and fertility of the land for establishing an electronic plantation in that area. The analysis also helps deciding the plantation of appropriate plants in the location identified. The system performing this task with appropriate transducers installed in remote area, the methodologies involved in transmission and data gathering are reported.. The second part of the project deals with data gathering from remote site and issuing control signals to remote appliances in the site; all performed through internet. Therefore,
this control scheme is a duplex system monitoring the irrigation activities by collecting data in one direction and issuing commands on the opposite direction. This scheme maintains the digital irrigation systems effectively and efficiently as to utilize the resources optimally for yielding enhanced production.
The methodologies involved in extending the two way communication of data are presented.
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2. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
237
Components
The main components are stated and described below:
i) Microcontroller
This is the main component which makes
control over the system. The main operation of the
Microcontroller is to receive the pulse from the
humidity sensor and sends the required direction to the
relay system for pumping operation to be started
[1,3,4,7].
ii) Capacitive Humidity Sensor
It senses the humidity of the soil continuously.
The sensed condition is given as the input to the
microcontroller will give the signal to relay using
RS232 serial communication protocol which drives the
water pump. If the sensed range is true for pumping, the
system will supply water in the agriculture ground [4,6-
9].
iii) Analog to Digital Converter
The humidity sensor sends the analog pulse to
the system. But to read the condition, Microcontroller
needs an Analog to Digital Converter. MCP3202 IC is
used in this system to obtain the digital format of the
condition that is checked by the sensor. MCP3202 is a
successive approximation 12-bit Analog-to-Digital
(A/D) Converter with on-board sample and hold
circuitry. The MCP3202 is programmable to provide a
single pseudo-differential input pair or dual single-
ended inputs. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) is
specified at ±1LSB, and Integral Nonlinearity (INL) is
offered in ±1LSB (MCP3202-B) and ±2LSB
(MCP3202-C) versions. The MCP3202 device operates
over a broad voltage range (2.7V-5.5V). The device is
capable of conversion rates of up to 100ksps at 5V and
50ksps at 2.7V [1, 4, 7-9, 11-12].
Operation
The overall objective of the system is to
indicate the status of humidity of the soil and to
automatically control the water supply to the land in
order to prevent the dry condition for the soil. The
sensed condition is given as the input to the
microcontroller through Analog to Digital Converter
and based on the condition the microcontroller will give
the signal to relay which drives the water pump for
watering. The system incorporates with a LCD screen
which displays the condition of the soil.
The water of the soil of the land, when
evaporated, the land gets dried up. The prescribed
system can identify the water availability condition of
the soil and to automatically control the water supply to
the land from a remote place to prevent it to be dried
up.
In this automatic system, embedded
technology is used in order to achieve the good profit in
the agricultural field the soil should be maintained in
proper condition that fits for the crop cultivation. The
main thing that should be seen in order to achieve the
profit is to maintain the wet condition of the soil in the
correct proportion.
The sensor is placed in the soil and it reads
continuously the levels of the moisture or amount of
water available in the soil. There a prescribed range is
preset in between which the sensor gets an ignition for
its operation. When it reads the lower level of the
humidity or more specifically the relative humidity
(RH), it sends a pulse to the ADC informing that the
level of the amount of the water in the soil goes to
minimum and this analog signal is then converted to its
corresponding digital format and get routed by the
modem MAX232 IC to the Microcontroller. After
receiving the signal, controller will send the signal to
the relay section and make it turn ON. When the relay is
turned ON, the pump will be activated and it supplies
the water to the land. There is a remote controlling unit
is placed in between the main controlling section and
the sensor which again is controlled by the
microcomputer unit. In the mean time, the sensor
continues its reading the humidity and until it reaches to
its maximum value of operation. While reading, the
sensor continuously supply the information to the
controller and controller will make switch ON the pump
and the water will be supplied continuously. Now, when
the sensor reads the maximum humidity of the soil, it
again sends that information to the Microcontroller and
controller immediately switch OFF the pump and the
water supply will be turned off accordingly. The
capacity of the water flow will be suitably designed by
means of resizing the radius of the water supply pipe.
The entire circuit is interconnected with RS232
cable and the power supply that is needed to run the
system is 5 volt. So, in this system, the agriculture
ground can be monitored from a remote place without
going there and the soil water level can be maintained
accordingly [1, 3, 6, 13].
HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT
Water supply is required in the agriculture
ground when the soil contains lesser amount of water.
When the temperature in the air increases, the capability
of air for holding the water vapor will be increased.
This means the temperature rise in air causes more
vaporization in the air from soil. So, it is obvious the
amount of water in the soil will be decreased [1, 2, 4, 7,
9]. The humidity sensor senses the amount of the water
particle or humidity of the soil. The humidity sensor,
mentioned above, is actually senses the present
humidity i.e. the Relative Humidity (RH). The relative
humidity is actually the ratio of actual vapor present to
the saturation vapor amount and can be represented by
the equation mentioned below [2, 4, 8-10, 12].
3. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
238
Actual Vapor Dendity
Relative Humidity= 100% ... 1
Saturation Vapor Density
So, the vaporization or in other word the
relative humidity is inversely proportional to the
temperature rise of the air as well as the actual humidity
of the air as because the actual humidity is directly
proportional to the temperature rise. These are
illustrated in the following equations [2, 4, 8-10],
Actual Humidity Temperature Rise ... 2
1
Relative Humidity ... 3
Temperature Rise
1
Relative Humidity ... 4
Actual Humidity
There are two fixed values of humidity sensor,
monitored by the controller, which totally control the
supply and flow of the water into the agriculture
ground. When RH is low, it indicates high temperature
and so the vaporization into the air will be increased [2,
5,6, 9, 10, 13]. Then the relay will be turned ON and the
water will be supplied into the ground. While supplying
the water into the ground, the amount of water will be
increased in the agriculture ground meaning that the
humidity in the soil will be in increasing mode. In the
highest preset value of the sensor, it indicates the lower
temperature or in the other hand the vaporization is low
as the amount of the water in the soil is in the highest
level. Then the relay will be turned OFF and the water
supply in the soil will be halted. After some time when
the vaporization is increasing, the system will iterate in
the same way and then it continues the water supply.
Thus, this system, by sensing the relative
humidity, will work without interruption and efficiently.
As the sensor in the ground is connected with the
central through the cable, it can be efficiently monitored
from the remote place.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram of the system including the
main controlling unit, remote controlling unit and the
sensor part is shown in Fig.1
Fig. 1 Block diagram
In this block diagram, there are mainly three
working blocks and they are:
1. Main Control Unit (MCU)
2. Remote Control Unit (RCU)
3. Sensor Unit (SU)
In the MCU, there are microcontrollers, LCD
driver, motor driver, cable driver and the command key
are internally connected. The signal coming from RCU
is received by the cable driver through RS232 cable and
sent to the Microcontroller. The humidity is displayed
in the LCD screen and with the command by the
Microcontroller the motor driver is enabled. The
Command key is one of the important parts of the
system. The total system can be operated automatically
or manually. Among the four keys, one is used for
automatic operation and rests three are for manual
operation. That means when agriculture process is
going on, the automatic mode is suitable for that
purpose but for when it is not needed i.e. water need not
to be supplied to the ground, the manual mode is
suitable as one of the mentioned three keys is the STOP
key to stop the entire operation.
In the RCU, the controller, ADC and the
Sensor driver are internally connected. The humidity
sensed by the sensor, is received by the sensor driver
and converted to its digital format by the ADC and
sends it to the controller. The controller sends the
digital data to the MCU.
4. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
239
ALGORITHM FOR REMOTE SOIL
MONITORING
Remote soil monitoring system works on the
principle of checking the amount of water in the soil
and thereby activating the pump when required. The
work flow of the system is represented in Remote
Sensed Monitoring (RSM) algorithm.
Pseudo code:
Select mode M : 1M or 2M ;
if M== 1M ;
Switch 1K ;
1K ==”1”;
do
Check water amount in soil ( soilW );
Display soilW ;
Check the preset values: least highestP ,P ;
for soilW == leastP ;
mS == "1"// mS =Status of motor driver
until
soilW == highestP ;
if soil least soil highestW P && W P ;
Check continuously;
Control the flow;
if soilW == highestP ;
mS == "0";
repeat;
else
do
Check soil least highestW ,P ,P ;
switch 2K ;
Display soilW ;
for soilW == leastP ;
switch 2K ;
3K ==”1”;
mS == “1”;
until
soilW == highestP ;
if soil least soil highestW P && W P ;
3K ==”1”;
mS == “1”;
Check continuously;
Control the flow;
if soilW == highestP ;
switch 4K ;
4K == “0”;
mS == “0”;
repeat;
Through the RSM algorithm, the system can
be monitored automatically or manually both when
needed.
OPERATIONAL FLOW CHART
The pseudo code describe in the above section
is represented in a flow chart form in this section. Flow
chart is helpful in implementing the actual system. In
this flow chart, the operation and the mode selection
along with the pump operation and the relay operation
is completely described.
In Automatic mode of operation, only one key
is required to be pressed for activation and then the
mode will work according to the direction given to it. If
the automatic mode faults in some critical condition, the
manual operation will be in operation. So, in this
system, there is a lesser chance to get a fault for
operation and hence can be operated efficiently.
The flow chart is constructed in E-draw v6.8
where a number of process box, control box and all the
other boxes that are mainly required for constructing the
flow chart are readily available. The flow chart is
shown in Fig.2.
In this flow chart, the switching and control
operations are described clearly so that a system can be
constructed easily. The main advantage of the design
the flow chart in E-draw is that the flow chart is much
more clear and significant than any other drawing tools
and it produces the output with a lesser size so that it
can be fit in the required space and have no problem
with the fitness.
5. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
240
Fig.2 Flow chart of RSM Algorithm
SYSTEM HARDWARE
The system hardware that is the main system
PCB includes several parts or blocks such as the
Display section, Transformer section, Relay section,
Sensor section etc. Those sections are given below.
Fig. 3 Transformer Section
Fig. 4 Keyboard Section
Fig. 5 Sensor Section
Fig. 6 Remote Controlling Section
6. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
241
Fig. 7 Display Section
Fig. 8 Relay Section
Fig. 9 Complete System Circuit
SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
Any circuit is needed to design in the software
first to check the response of the generated system. The
system is first designed in Proteus 7 and the assembly
code that is required for simulation of the circuit, is
written in Keil C or in other word Embedded C. The
HEX code generated by the Keil C is given as the input
to the Microcontroller in the Proteus circuit and it gives
the desired result as mentioned above.
The system is actually an embedded system
meaning the whole system is run by a single source of
voltage from the transformer. So the system design and
the code writing will be must in the embedded
environment only to simulate it properly.
OUTPUT RESULT OF SYSTEM
The system checks the status of the water in
the soil and display it on the LCD device and based on
the true condition, it stats the relay as well as the pump
to supply water. The output condition of the system is
depicted below.
When the RH of the soil is below the preset
value it will activate the motor as well as the pump and
display the RH on the LCD along with the information
that the pump or the motor is ON.
Fig. 10 LCD Displays the lowest preset value of RH
Fig. 11 Motor turned ON for lowest preset value of
RH
Now the sensor will check for the range of the
lowest and highest preset values of the RH and go
further for highest value. Meanwhile it continues the
activation of the motor. So in between the lowest and
the highest value of RH, the motor is enabled and
continues the supply of the water. When the RH value
reaches the highest condition, it will automatically turn
OFF the motor and the water supply will be terminated.
7. Chakraborty S et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014; 2(2B):236-242
242
Fig. 12 System checks for the highest preset value of
RH
Fig. 13 Motor is turned OFF for highest preset value
of RH
FUTURE SCOPE
In the recent days the agriculture is very much
developing and so the farmers also need some special
feature of the systems that are currently used for it.
Automatic pumping system is one of the useful systems
in the agriculture. It will supply water just when it is
needed. So, one part of labor can be operated by the
machine itself and so the efficiency of the farming will
be increasing and as the system is dependent on the RH
value of the soil, so there no overflow or underflow of
water in the agriculture ground.
The system can also be used apart from the
agriculture. The remote sensing has a broad application
in the world. Each and everywhere the remote sensing
operation can be found. In aerospace, for signalling for
advert weather or in some critical condition, it can be
used for automatic operation. For traffic system, the
RSM algorithm can work efficiently. This system can
be applicable for in-house maintain system also i.e. for
in-house monitoring of different electrical or electronics
parts i.e. Fan, Light etc. The moisture level can also be
detected of an particular remote area apart from the soil
testing and can be indicated by the display so that one
can aware of the local moisture level as well as the
relative humidity an also the dew point.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that the system
reduces the human labor in agricultural field and
enhance the production by supplying the water into the
ground. The system can be enhanced to create a
complete monitoring of the agriculture ground by
supplying different materials such as the fertilizers into
the ground and thus by reducing more and more human
efforts for cultivation.
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