This document summarizes several models of the reading process: - Bottom-up models emphasize decoding text in a linear fashion. Top-down models use prior knowledge to derive meaning. Interactive models combine bottom-up and top-down processes. - Emerging models include Rumelhart's model emphasizing both perceptual and cognitive processes, and Stanovich's interactive-compensatory model relying on bottom-up and top-down processes depending on reading purpose and knowledge. - Schema theory and Anderson and Pearson's view focus on how schemata (prior knowledge) aid comprehension through relationships, inferences, and relying on subject knowledge.

1. READING
MODELS

2. BOTTOM-UP READING
MODEL
• It is a reading model that emphasizes
the written or printed text.
• It emphasizes the ability to decode
or put into sound what is seen in the
text.
• Readers derive meaning in a linear
manner.

3. TOP-DOWN READING
MODEL
• It is a model in which TOP is the
higher order mental and BOTTOM as
the physical text on the page.
• It is where meaning takes precedence
over structure.

4. INTERACTIVE READING
MODEL
• Combination of Bottom-up and Top-
down processes.
• Good readers are both good
decoders and good interpreters of the
text.

5. EMERGING
READING MODELS

6. RUMELHART MODEL
(1977)
• States that successful reading is both
a PERCEPTUAL and a COGNITIVE
process. - Orthographic knowledge -
Lexical, Syntactic and Semantic
knowledge

7. STANOVICH MODEL
(1980)
• Interactive-compensatory reading
model.
• Readers who rely on both Bottom-up
and Top-down processes are
depending on: - reading purpose -
motivation - schema - knowledge of
the subject

8. ANDERSON
ANDPEARSON SCHEMA-
THEORETIC VIEW•It focuses on the role of schemata
(knowledge stored in memory) in text
comprehension.
SCHEMA THEORY
a. relationships among components
b. role of inference
c. reliance on knowledge of the

9. PEARSON AND TIERNEY
R/W MODEL•Considers PRAGMATIC THEORIES which state
that: “utterance is an action”.
CONTEXT is important.
INTERACTIVE ROLES:
- Planner
- Composer
- Editor
- Monitor

10. MATHEWSON’SMODEL
OF ATTITUDE
INFLUENCE•Attitude toward reading may be
modified by a change in reader’s goal.
Attitude has tri-componential
construct:
- cognitive component
- affective component
- conative component

11. THANK YOU !!!