Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions p/q where p and q are integers and q is not equal to 0. Some examples of rational numbers include 1/2 and -2/3. Rational numbers have properties like commutativity, distributivity, associativity, existence of additive and multiplicative identities. There are infinitely many rational numbers between any two given rational numbers, which can be found by finding equivalent fractions or taking the average. Vedic maths provides fast ways to find the lowest common multiple of numbers by checking if the highest number is divisible by the others.