Ratio Analysis As A Tool For Financial Analysis
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Ratio analysis by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Ratio analysis is a tool used to analyze and interpret the financial health of a business. It involves calculating and comparing various ratios related to liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity to gain a better understanding of a firm's financial strengths and weaknesses. This helps business owners and other stakeholders make informed decisions and plans to ensure the long-term survival of the business. Common ratios analyzed include current ratio, debt-equity ratio, gross profit ratio, inventory turnover ratio, and more.
Ratio analysis 1
This document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze the performance and position of a business. It defines ratios that assess profitability like gross profit margin and net profit margin. It also covers efficiency ratios like rate of stock turnover and liquidity ratios like current ratio. Specific calculations are provided for working capital ratio, quick ratio, and rate of return on capital. The document concludes with explanations of stock valuation methods.
Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is a technique used to interpret financial statements and evaluate the operating performance and financial position of a company. It involves calculating and comparing various financial ratios related to liquidity, profitability, and solvency. Some key liquidity ratios discussed in the document include the current ratio, acid-test ratio, and cash ratio. Turnover ratios measure how efficiently a company manages its assets, such as inventory and accounts receivable. The document provides formulas and interpretations for various financial ratios.
P/E Ratio
The P/E Ratio or ‘Price to Earnings’ Ratio looks at the relationship between a stock price and company’s earnings.
Definition of pe ratio
The Price-Earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation metric that compares a company's share price to its earnings per share. The P/E ratio is calculated by taking the current market price per share and dividing it by the earnings per share. Higher P/E ratios generally indicate that investors expect higher future earnings growth. However, the P/E ratio alone does not provide full insight and is best compared against other companies in the same industry or a company's own historical P/E ratios.
Pe ratio
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation metric that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share. The P/E ratio is calculated by taking the market value per share and dividing it by the annual earnings per share. A higher P/E ratio indicates that investors are paying more for each unit of current earnings, suggesting they expect higher future earnings. A lower P/E ratio may suggest the stock is undervalued or that investors have less confidence in the company's future prospects. Interpreting P/E ratios requires considering factors like growth potential, risk, past performance, and economic conditions. P/E ratios alone do not provide a complete picture and should be used alongside other analytical
Liquidity ratio
The document discusses the liquidity ratio, which indicates how prepared someone is to meet short-term financial obligations without income. The liquidity ratio is calculated by dividing liquid assets by monthly expenses. Liquid assets include cash savings that can be accessed, while expenses used are immediate monthly costs like rent that cannot be delayed. A higher liquidity ratio means more months of expenses can be covered without income. The appropriate ratio depends on individual factors like income level and expenses.
Pe ratio
The P/E ratio, or price-to-earnings ratio, is a valuation metric that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share. It is calculated by dividing the market value per share by the annual earnings per share. The P/E ratio indicates what the market is willing to pay for a company's current and future earnings. A higher P/E ratio may show that the market expects higher future growth, but could also mean the stock is overvalued. Conversely, a lower P/E ratio could signal lack of market confidence but may also represent an undervalued stock with strong future potential. There is no single correct P/E ratio as it depends on an investor's willingness to pay for a company
Recommended
Ratio analysis by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Ratio analysis is a tool used to analyze and interpret the financial health of a business. It involves calculating and comparing various ratios related to liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity to gain a better understanding of a firm's financial strengths and weaknesses. This helps business owners and other stakeholders make informed decisions and plans to ensure the long-term survival of the business. Common ratios analyzed include current ratio, debt-equity ratio, gross profit ratio, inventory turnover ratio, and more.
Ratio analysis 1
This document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze the performance and position of a business. It defines ratios that assess profitability like gross profit margin and net profit margin. It also covers efficiency ratios like rate of stock turnover and liquidity ratios like current ratio. Specific calculations are provided for working capital ratio, quick ratio, and rate of return on capital. The document concludes with explanations of stock valuation methods.
Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is a technique used to interpret financial statements and evaluate the operating performance and financial position of a company. It involves calculating and comparing various financial ratios related to liquidity, profitability, and solvency. Some key liquidity ratios discussed in the document include the current ratio, acid-test ratio, and cash ratio. Turnover ratios measure how efficiently a company manages its assets, such as inventory and accounts receivable. The document provides formulas and interpretations for various financial ratios.
P/E Ratio
The P/E Ratio or ‘Price to Earnings’ Ratio looks at the relationship between a stock price and company’s earnings.
Definition of pe ratio
The Price-Earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation metric that compares a company's share price to its earnings per share. The P/E ratio is calculated by taking the current market price per share and dividing it by the earnings per share. Higher P/E ratios generally indicate that investors expect higher future earnings growth. However, the P/E ratio alone does not provide full insight and is best compared against other companies in the same industry or a company's own historical P/E ratios.
Pe ratio
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation metric that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share. The P/E ratio is calculated by taking the market value per share and dividing it by the annual earnings per share. A higher P/E ratio indicates that investors are paying more for each unit of current earnings, suggesting they expect higher future earnings. A lower P/E ratio may suggest the stock is undervalued or that investors have less confidence in the company's future prospects. Interpreting P/E ratios requires considering factors like growth potential, risk, past performance, and economic conditions. P/E ratios alone do not provide a complete picture and should be used alongside other analytical
Liquidity ratio
The document discusses the liquidity ratio, which indicates how prepared someone is to meet short-term financial obligations without income. The liquidity ratio is calculated by dividing liquid assets by monthly expenses. Liquid assets include cash savings that can be accessed, while expenses used are immediate monthly costs like rent that cannot be delayed. A higher liquidity ratio means more months of expenses can be covered without income. The appropriate ratio depends on individual factors like income level and expenses.
Pe ratio
The P/E ratio, or price-to-earnings ratio, is a valuation metric that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share. It is calculated by dividing the market value per share by the annual earnings per share. The P/E ratio indicates what the market is willing to pay for a company's current and future earnings. A higher P/E ratio may show that the market expects higher future growth, but could also mean the stock is overvalued. Conversely, a lower P/E ratio could signal lack of market confidence but may also represent an undervalued stock with strong future potential. There is no single correct P/E ratio as it depends on an investor's willingness to pay for a company
Price Earnings Ratio
The price to earnings (P/E) ratio is calculated by dividing a stock's price per share by its earnings per share. For example, Apple's P/E ratio has fluctuated from 13.67 to 33.31 as its stock price increased from $78.20 to $190.55 while its earnings remained $5.72 per share. A higher P/E ratio can mean the stock is overvalued or the company is growing, while a lower P/E ratio may mean the stock is undervalued or the company is mature. Investors use P/E ratios to compare stock values but must consider each company's unique earnings growth.
Turnover ratios 1
This document defines and explains various types of turnover ratios used to evaluate a company's financial performance and efficiency. The key ratios discussed are inventory turnover, debtors (accounts receivable) turnover, average collection period, fixed assets turnover, total assets turnover, and creditors turnover. These ratios measure the relationship between sales, costs, and different asset levels to determine how efficiently a company is managing its resources and collecting payments from customers. Higher turnover and shorter collection periods generally indicate better performance, while lower ratios may suggest underutilized assets or delayed customer payments.
Fundamental analysis of stocks/ company
Get 20%-30% return in USA stock market. (https://www.fiverr.com/value_stocks)
We have put all financial ratios in detail for your educational purpose. Hope you find the fundamental analysis slides useful. If you are going to invest in stock market, you can contact us on https://www.fiverr.com/value_stocks
Will help you achieve the best returns you want.
Turnover ratios
It is a type of financial ratio used to measure the efficiency of business in generating profit by utilizing assets
The larger the turnover ratio, the better as it shows that the company is optimally utilizing its assets as resources to earn revenue
Turnover ratios are calculated by dividing the revenues from average asset balance
It is also termed as efficiency ratio because it shows the company’s efficiency in conversion of assets into sales which in turn reflects the ROI
Inventory Turnover ratio measures how efficiently the stocks are being converted into finished goods to generate sales
It is calculated as –
Inventory Turnover Ratio = (Cost of Goods Sold)/(Average Inventory)
Debtors Turnover Ratio signifies the efficiency of business in converting its debtors or credit sales into cash
It is calculated as –
Debtors Turnover Ratio = (Net Credit Sales or Revenue)/(Average Trade Receivables)
Fixed assets turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company uses its fixed assets to generate revenue
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Fixed Assets)
Total assets turnover ratio takes into account both fixed as well as current asset to measure the overall efficiency in generation of revenue with assets utilization
It is calculated as –
Total Assets Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Total Assets)
Working capital ratio measures the company’s efficiency in using its working capital to generate revenue for the business
It also indicates the relation between liquidity and profitability of the business
It is calculated as –
Working Capital Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Working Capital)
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Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Steps to basic_company_financial_analysis
The document discusses how to analyze a business using financial ratios. It explains that ratios show the relationship between two numbers and can be used to compare a company's performance over time and to other companies in the same industry. The document then outlines 12 steps for conducting a basic financial analysis of a company, including acquiring financial statements, calculating common size ratios and other key financial ratios related to liquidity, debt, profitability, efficiency and stock value. These ratios can provide insights into a company's strengths and weaknesses.
Ratio Analysis No. 2 CMD
This document discusses and provides details on several key financial ratios used to analyze business performance, including the current ratio, acid test (quick) ratio, and return on capital employed (ROCE).
The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay short-term debts by comparing current assets to current liabilities, with 2:1 seen as satisfactory. The acid test (quick) ratio is more stringent, excluding inventory from current assets, to show if debts can be paid without selling stock. ROCE shows how efficiently a company generates profit relative to its capital employed. Improvement in these ratios through better use of assets/capital is seen as positive.
Ratio Analysis in financial statements (KK MAHESH PU COLLEGE)
There are many standard ratios used to evaluate the overall financial condition of an enterprise. These ratios maybe used by managers within a firm, by current and potential shareholders and by a firm's creditors. Financial analyst use financial ratios to compare the strengths and weaknesses in various companies.
RATIO ANALYSIS
This document discusses the advantages of ratio analysis for managers. It lists 6 main advantages:
1. Ratio analysis is useful for financial position analysis as it reveals the financial position of a company, helping banks and investors make lending and investment decisions.
2. Ratios simplify and systematize accounting figures to make them more understandable. They highlight relationships between business segments.
3. Ratios are useful for assessing operational efficiency by evaluating liquidity, solvency, and profitability, helping management assess financial needs and capabilities.
4. Establishing ratio trends over years allows for forecasting, such as forecasting expenses as a percentage of sales.
5. Ratios can locate weak spots in a
Ratio analysis ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Ratio analysis involves calculating financial ratios to evaluate key aspects of a business's performance, including liquidity, investment potential, financial leverage, profitability, and asset efficiency. The ratios are grouped into five main areas and can identify strengths and weaknesses to aid decision making. Common ratios include the current ratio and acid test for liquidity, return on capital employed for profitability, and stock and debtor turnover for asset efficiency.
What is the optimal inventory turnover ratio?
“The higher – the better” might seem an obvious answer. A higher inventory turnover ratio (ITR) means that less inventory is required to support sales, therefore less warehouse space and capital are needed, which leads in turn to higher ROI and an increased bottom line.
But how to do that? In order to decrease inventory safely, a distribution company must know the main factors that restrict the ITR from infinite increase. Read about the factors in this presentation.
Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is a technique used to analyze and interpret financial statements to evaluate the performance, financial position and cash flows of a business. It involves calculating and comparing various ratios using information from the financial statements. Some key ratios discussed in the document include current ratio, quick ratio, debtors turnover ratio, gross profit ratio, operating ratio, net profit ratio and expense ratios. The document also discusses ratios like debt-equity ratio, proprietary ratio, price to book ratio and price earnings ratio. Advantages of ratio analysis include simplifying accounting information and helping in comparative analysis and forecasting. Limitations include non-comparability between firms and qualitative factors being ignored.
Company analysis
Company analysis is a process carried out by investors to evaluate securities and collect information about a company's profile, products, services, and profitability. It considers the company's history and aims to derive an understanding of its strengths, risks, intrinsic value, and whether its stock should be purchased based on comparing intrinsic and market value. Key parts of company analysis include evaluating the company's competitive strategies within its industry and analyzing its basic financial statements like the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement as well as financial ratios such as EPS, P/E ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio. Company analysis is important for investors considering investing in a particular company.
Investment Valuation Ratios
Investment Valuation Ratios are used by investors to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment and get an idea of its valuation. Investment valuation ratios compare relevant data that help users gain an estimate of valuation.
Investment Valuation Ratios: Per Share Ratios, Dividend Per Share (DPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR),
Dividend Yield Ratio, Price / Earnings ratio (PER), Price to Cash Flow, Price to Book Value, Price to Earnings Growth (PEG), Enterprise Value (EV) multiple
Ratio Analysis - Meaning and Types
Ratio analysis is a quantitative method used to assess the liquidity, performance, solvency and profitability of a company by analyzing financial statement values as percentages rather than line items. It simplifies financial statements, allows comparison between companies of different sizes, and highlights key data. However, comparisons between companies in different industries may be ambiguous, accounting practices can vary, and it focuses on past data rather than future performance.
Introduction to Business Accounting and Ratios
The document outlines key accounting concepts including the accounting equation, the four main financial statements, ratio analysis, and budgets. It discusses the roles of various types of accountants and standards-setting bodies. It also covers international accounting issues and the move toward a single set of global standards.
Peg ratio
The document defines and explains the PEG (Price Earnings to Growth) ratio, which determines a stock's value by taking into account future earnings growth. It is calculated by dividing the P/E ratio by the expected earnings growth percentage. A PEG ratio of 1 suggests the stock is fairly priced based on anticipated growth. PEG ratios above 1 may indicate an overvalued stock due to hype, while ratios below 1 could suggest a stock is undervalued. The document provides examples to illustrate how to interpret PEG ratios and concludes by discussing advantages and disadvantages of the PEG ratio valuation metric.
Leverage Ratios | Finance
Leverage ratio is the ratio which states the mixture of debts and equity in the company that is associated with the investments made by the company. Leverage ratio clearly explains the capitals structure of the company which includes equity and debts. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Leverage Ratios:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/finance/leverage-ratios.aspx
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The document discusses the need for courses on relative economics and sustainable development to prepare students for future challenges and careers. It proposes that such courses would help develop social entrepreneurs, promote green technology and sustainability. The document outlines how international agreements and movements have increasingly supported education for sustainable development. It then provides details on potential course content and structure for relative economics, including both theoretical and practical components. The conclusion states that relative economics courses can help develop society according to sustainable development principles and prepare responsible graduates for tomorrow's needs.
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Price Earnings Ratio
The price to earnings (P/E) ratio is calculated by dividing a stock's price per share by its earnings per share. For example, Apple's P/E ratio has fluctuated from 13.67 to 33.31 as its stock price increased from $78.20 to $190.55 while its earnings remained $5.72 per share. A higher P/E ratio can mean the stock is overvalued or the company is growing, while a lower P/E ratio may mean the stock is undervalued or the company is mature. Investors use P/E ratios to compare stock values but must consider each company's unique earnings growth.
Turnover ratios 1
This document defines and explains various types of turnover ratios used to evaluate a company's financial performance and efficiency. The key ratios discussed are inventory turnover, debtors (accounts receivable) turnover, average collection period, fixed assets turnover, total assets turnover, and creditors turnover. These ratios measure the relationship between sales, costs, and different asset levels to determine how efficiently a company is managing its resources and collecting payments from customers. Higher turnover and shorter collection periods generally indicate better performance, while lower ratios may suggest underutilized assets or delayed customer payments.
Fundamental analysis of stocks/ company
Get 20%-30% return in USA stock market. (https://www.fiverr.com/value_stocks)
We have put all financial ratios in detail for your educational purpose. Hope you find the fundamental analysis slides useful. If you are going to invest in stock market, you can contact us on https://www.fiverr.com/value_stocks
Will help you achieve the best returns you want.
Turnover ratios
It is a type of financial ratio used to measure the efficiency of business in generating profit by utilizing assets
The larger the turnover ratio, the better as it shows that the company is optimally utilizing its assets as resources to earn revenue
Turnover ratios are calculated by dividing the revenues from average asset balance
It is also termed as efficiency ratio because it shows the company’s efficiency in conversion of assets into sales which in turn reflects the ROI
Inventory Turnover ratio measures how efficiently the stocks are being converted into finished goods to generate sales
It is calculated as –
Inventory Turnover Ratio = (Cost of Goods Sold)/(Average Inventory)
Debtors Turnover Ratio signifies the efficiency of business in converting its debtors or credit sales into cash
It is calculated as –
Debtors Turnover Ratio = (Net Credit Sales or Revenue)/(Average Trade Receivables)
Fixed assets turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company uses its fixed assets to generate revenue
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Fixed Assets)
Total assets turnover ratio takes into account both fixed as well as current asset to measure the overall efficiency in generation of revenue with assets utilization
It is calculated as –
Total Assets Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Total Assets)
Working capital ratio measures the company’s efficiency in using its working capital to generate revenue for the business
It also indicates the relation between liquidity and profitability of the business
It is calculated as –
Working Capital Turnover Ratio = (Revenue from sales)/(Average Working Capital)
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Steps to basic_company_financial_analysis
The document discusses how to analyze a business using financial ratios. It explains that ratios show the relationship between two numbers and can be used to compare a company's performance over time and to other companies in the same industry. The document then outlines 12 steps for conducting a basic financial analysis of a company, including acquiring financial statements, calculating common size ratios and other key financial ratios related to liquidity, debt, profitability, efficiency and stock value. These ratios can provide insights into a company's strengths and weaknesses.
Ratio Analysis No. 2 CMD
This document discusses and provides details on several key financial ratios used to analyze business performance, including the current ratio, acid test (quick) ratio, and return on capital employed (ROCE).
The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay short-term debts by comparing current assets to current liabilities, with 2:1 seen as satisfactory. The acid test (quick) ratio is more stringent, excluding inventory from current assets, to show if debts can be paid without selling stock. ROCE shows how efficiently a company generates profit relative to its capital employed. Improvement in these ratios through better use of assets/capital is seen as positive.
Ratio Analysis in financial statements (KK MAHESH PU COLLEGE)
There are many standard ratios used to evaluate the overall financial condition of an enterprise. These ratios maybe used by managers within a firm, by current and potential shareholders and by a firm's creditors. Financial analyst use financial ratios to compare the strengths and weaknesses in various companies.
RATIO ANALYSIS
This document discusses the advantages of ratio analysis for managers. It lists 6 main advantages:
1. Ratio analysis is useful for financial position analysis as it reveals the financial position of a company, helping banks and investors make lending and investment decisions.
2. Ratios simplify and systematize accounting figures to make them more understandable. They highlight relationships between business segments.
3. Ratios are useful for assessing operational efficiency by evaluating liquidity, solvency, and profitability, helping management assess financial needs and capabilities.
4. Establishing ratio trends over years allows for forecasting, such as forecasting expenses as a percentage of sales.
5. Ratios can locate weak spots in a
Ratio analysis ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Ratio analysis involves calculating financial ratios to evaluate key aspects of a business's performance, including liquidity, investment potential, financial leverage, profitability, and asset efficiency. The ratios are grouped into five main areas and can identify strengths and weaknesses to aid decision making. Common ratios include the current ratio and acid test for liquidity, return on capital employed for profitability, and stock and debtor turnover for asset efficiency.
What is the optimal inventory turnover ratio?
“The higher – the better” might seem an obvious answer. A higher inventory turnover ratio (ITR) means that less inventory is required to support sales, therefore less warehouse space and capital are needed, which leads in turn to higher ROI and an increased bottom line.
But how to do that? In order to decrease inventory safely, a distribution company must know the main factors that restrict the ITR from infinite increase. Read about the factors in this presentation.
Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is a technique used to analyze and interpret financial statements to evaluate the performance, financial position and cash flows of a business. It involves calculating and comparing various ratios using information from the financial statements. Some key ratios discussed in the document include current ratio, quick ratio, debtors turnover ratio, gross profit ratio, operating ratio, net profit ratio and expense ratios. The document also discusses ratios like debt-equity ratio, proprietary ratio, price to book ratio and price earnings ratio. Advantages of ratio analysis include simplifying accounting information and helping in comparative analysis and forecasting. Limitations include non-comparability between firms and qualitative factors being ignored.
Company analysis
Company analysis is a process carried out by investors to evaluate securities and collect information about a company's profile, products, services, and profitability. It considers the company's history and aims to derive an understanding of its strengths, risks, intrinsic value, and whether its stock should be purchased based on comparing intrinsic and market value. Key parts of company analysis include evaluating the company's competitive strategies within its industry and analyzing its basic financial statements like the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement as well as financial ratios such as EPS, P/E ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio. Company analysis is important for investors considering investing in a particular company.
Investment Valuation Ratios
Investment Valuation Ratios are used by investors to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment and get an idea of its valuation. Investment valuation ratios compare relevant data that help users gain an estimate of valuation.
Investment Valuation Ratios: Per Share Ratios, Dividend Per Share (DPS), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR),
Dividend Yield Ratio, Price / Earnings ratio (PER), Price to Cash Flow, Price to Book Value, Price to Earnings Growth (PEG), Enterprise Value (EV) multiple
Ratio Analysis - Meaning and Types
Ratio analysis is a quantitative method used to assess the liquidity, performance, solvency and profitability of a company by analyzing financial statement values as percentages rather than line items. It simplifies financial statements, allows comparison between companies of different sizes, and highlights key data. However, comparisons between companies in different industries may be ambiguous, accounting practices can vary, and it focuses on past data rather than future performance.
Introduction to Business Accounting and Ratios
The document outlines key accounting concepts including the accounting equation, the four main financial statements, ratio analysis, and budgets. It discusses the roles of various types of accountants and standards-setting bodies. It also covers international accounting issues and the move toward a single set of global standards.
Peg ratio
The document defines and explains the PEG (Price Earnings to Growth) ratio, which determines a stock's value by taking into account future earnings growth. It is calculated by dividing the P/E ratio by the expected earnings growth percentage. A PEG ratio of 1 suggests the stock is fairly priced based on anticipated growth. PEG ratios above 1 may indicate an overvalued stock due to hype, while ratios below 1 could suggest a stock is undervalued. The document provides examples to illustrate how to interpret PEG ratios and concludes by discussing advantages and disadvantages of the PEG ratio valuation metric.
Leverage Ratios | Finance
Leverage ratio is the ratio which states the mixture of debts and equity in the company that is associated with the investments made by the company. Leverage ratio clearly explains the capitals structure of the company which includes equity and debts. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Leverage Ratios:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/finance/leverage-ratios.aspx
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Similar to Ratio Analysis As A Tool For Financial Analysis
3 Evaluation methods for working with financial statements.The f.docx
3 Evaluation methods for working with financial statements.
The first is RATIO ANALYSIS.
This helps you evaluate the financial performance of a company.
Chapter 3+4 are combined. You try to answer one main question: How ratio analysis is used to evaluate the financial performance of a company.
In order to do ratio analysis you need data, and the data comes from financial statements. The two main statements that we used to calculate the ratio: balance sheet and income statement. 3 & 4 chapters are accounting review. He imported info that reminds us of those two statements. All we need to study is this power point.
Review of balance sheet:
How finance people read balance sheet is a bit different because it fits our needs.
Balance sheet is two sides. One side is called assets and other side is called liabilities and equity.
The assets side is everything the company owns.
The liability side is everything the company owes others.
Other definition could be, the assets could be considered the companies investment.
If asset is the companies the investments then liabilities is where we get the money from to fund the investments.
Capital budgeting team from finance determines if they can afford the projects and liabilities they can afford before accounting department gets its it.
Assets should always equal the liabilities.
Bonds are long term debt. Total debt equals depts. Plus equity. Short-term debt is current liabilities and long term debt is bonds. Short term is like A.P., s-t notes payable, current liabilities.
Total assets tell you the value of the company.
The value=D + E.
Income statements = revenues-expenses=net income or net loss.
They show whether the company makes profit or losses, revenues and expenses.
The very important number is net income. Whether it is positive or negative.
If it positive then perfect, everyone is happy…to a certain extent.
As soon as you have profit, you have to deduct taxes (corporate taxes)
The rest is divided between dividends and retained earnings, depends how much is distributed where. Depends on many factors. They usually start by putting a lot in retained earning and use it as an internal source of finance, the management will do anything they can do in order to maximize RE.
The ratio we use to calculate the RE from Net Income is called the
RETENTION RATIO= THE RATIO THAT WE USE TO CALCULATE RETAINED EARNING FROM NET INCOME.
The name of the ratio that goes to dividends from net income is called dividend payout ratio.
Revenues maybe up to 90% of them comes from SALES. The other 10% come from like investments from shares you receive dividends, you receive INTERESTS from BONDS.
Expenses, since most of the money comes from sales then the most of the expenses come from COGS. The rest is salaries, maintenance etc.
Sales-COGS=Gross profit-rest=net incomes-taxes=real net income that goes two ways.
Earning per share=EPS =Total net incomes/shares outstanding. Means like $162/100= $1.62 means eve ...
Lecture 12816 and 20216 for chapters 3+43 Evaluation m.docx
Lecture 1/28/16 and 2/02/16 for chapters 3+4
3 Evaluation methods for working with financial statements.
The first is RATIO ANALYSIS.
This helps you evaluate the financial performance of a company.
Chapter 3+4 are combined. You try to answer one main question: How ratio
analysis is used to evaluate the financial performance of a company.
In order to do ratio analysis you need data, and the data comes from financial
statements. The two main statements that we used to calculate the ratio: balance
sheet and income statement. 3 & 4 chapters are accounting review. He imported info
that reminds us of those two statements. All we need to study is this power point.
Review of balance sheet:
How finance people read balance sheet is a bit different because it fits our needs.
Balance sheet is two sides. One side is called assets and other side is called liabilities
and equity.
The assets side is everything the company owns.
The liability side is everything the company owes others.
Other definition could be, the assets could be considered the companies investment.
If asset is the companies the investments then liabilities is where we get the money
from to fund the investments.
Capital budgeting team from finance determines if they can afford the projects and
liabilities they can afford before accounting department gets its it.
Assets should always equal the liabilities.
Bonds are long term debt. Total debt equals depts. Plus equity. Short‐term debt is
current liabilities and long term debt is bonds. Short term is like A.P., s‐t notes
payable, current liabilities.
Total assets tell you the value of the company.
The value=D + E.
Income statements = revenues‐expenses=net income or net loss.
They show whether the company makes profit or losses, revenues and expenses.
The very important number is net income. Whether it is positive or negative.
If it positive then perfect, everyone is happy…to a certain extent.
As soon as you have profit, you have to deduct taxes (corporate taxes)
The rest is divided between dividends and retained earnings, depends how much is
distributed where. Depends on many factors. They usually start by putting a lot in
retained earning and use it as an internal source of finance, the management will do
anything they can do in order to maximize RE.
The ratio we use to calculate the RE from Net Income is called the
RETENTION RATIO= THE RATIO THAT WE USE TO CALCULATE RETAINED
EARNING FROM NET INCOME.
The name of the ratio that goes to dividends from net income is called dividend
payout ratio.
Revenues maybe up to 90% of them comes from SALES. The other 10% come from
like investments from shares you receive dividends, you receive INTERESTS from
BONDS.
Expenses, since most of the money comes from sales then the most of the expenses
come from COGS. The rest is salaries, maintenance etc.
Sales‐COGS=Gross profit‐rest=net incomes‐taxes=real net income that goes two
ways.
Earning per share=EPS =Total ne ...
Mel feller looks at creating a more profitable business
Mel Feller Looks at Creating a More Profitable Business
Making a profit is the most important - some might say the only - objective of a business. Profit measures success. It can be defined simply: Revenues - Expenses = Profit. Therefore, to increase profits you must raise revenues, lower expenses, or both. To make improvements you must know what is really going on financially at all times. You have to watch every financial event without any kind of optimistic filter.
This article is a series of questions with comments to help you analyze your profits, their sufficiency and trend, the contribution of each of your product lines or services to them, and to help you determine if you have the kind of record system you need. The questions and comments are not meant to be definitive presentations on the subjects.
frsa_MINI PROJECT.ppt
This document provides information about a student's ratio analysis project. It includes an introduction to ratio analysis and its advantages and limitations. It then discusses the different types of ratios, including liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. Specific liquidity ratios like current ratio and quick ratio are defined. The document also includes financial statement data from Bank of Baroda and calculations of the current ratio and quick ratio for fiscal years 2020-21, 2019-20, and 2018-19. Definitions of solvency ratios like debt to equity ratio and debt ratio are also provided.
Financial management
Ratio analysis is used to evaluate the financial performance and health of a business. Ratios show the mathematical relationship between two related figures and can be used for trend analysis and comparisons between firms. There are several types of ratios including liquidity ratios that measure short-term financial strength, activity/turnover ratios that measure efficiency, and profitability ratios. Current ratio, quick ratio, and inventory turnover ratio are some examples discussed. Ratios should be interpreted both individually and in comparison to past ratios and industry standards to evaluate performance over time.
Business Ratios are Indicators of Company Health
Business ratios are mathematical calculations that provide insights into a company's financial health and performance. Common ratios include profitability, sales to inventory, current, acid test, debt, and debt-to-equity ratios. These ratios allow companies to evaluate their performance over time and compare themselves to industry benchmarks to identify areas for improvement. Calculating and analyzing key financial ratios is an important management tool for understanding a business's fiscal condition.
Accounts project
Here are the steps to calculate the key ratios:
1. Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit/Net Sales x 100 = 201000/560000 x 100 = 35.89%
2. Operating Expenses Ratio = (Administrative Expenses + Selling and Distribution Expenses)/Net Sales x 100 = (20000 + 89000)/560000 x 100 = 18.75%
3. Operating Profit Ratio = Gross Profit - Operating Expenses/Net Sales x 100 = 201000 - (20000 + 89000)/560000 x 100 = 17.14%
4. Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit/Net Sales x 100 = 800/560000 x 100 = 0.14%
Financial Analysis Tips for Beginners
Finance is the language of business. You have to make the best decisions possible for yours or your client’s business. And, understanding financial analysis is the key to making this happen.
18 ratio analysis_theory
This document discusses ratio analysis and various types of ratios used to analyze a company's financial performance and health. It begins by explaining that ratio analysis compares financial statement figures to provide useful insights beyond absolute numbers. It then covers several categories of ratios:
1. Liquidity or short-term solvency ratios measure a firm's ability to pay short-term debts and include the current ratio and quick ratio.
2. Capital structure or long-term solvency ratios assess financial leverage and include the debt ratio and interest coverage ratio.
3. Asset management or turnover ratios evaluate efficiency in deploying assets and include total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, and inventory turnover.
4. Profitability
Rahul ppt
- The document analyzes various financial ratios for Virat Industries Ltd, an Indian company that produces cotton socks.
- It calculates liquidity ratios like current ratio and acid-test ratio to assess the company's ability to meet short-term obligations. It also calculates leverage ratios like debt-equity ratio to examine the firm's capital structure.
- The document concludes that the company's current ratio and cash ratio indicate a marginally satisfactory liquidity position. It also finds that the debt-equity ratio has been continuously decreasing, showing efforts to reduce debt levels.
Ratio Analysis and financial performance
This document discusses various financial performance metrics and financial ratios that can be used to analyze a company's financial statements. It defines financial ratios as a systematic use of quantitative relations between financial values that can help determine a company's existing strengths and weaknesses as well as its historical performance and current financial condition. The document then discusses different types of financial ratios, including profitability ratios, assets utilization ratios, short-term solvency/liquidity ratios, long-term solvency/debt utilization ratios, and other important ratios like earnings per share and price-earnings ratio. Specific ratios are defined within each category with explanations of what they measure and how they are interpreted.
Ratio analysis advantages and limitations (Complete Chapter)
The aim of this PPT's to provide complete knowledge of Ratio Analysis chapter covering all the formula's for any university student of B.com, M.com, BBA and MBA.
EEE-BEFA-PPT for business economics and analysis5.1.pptx
INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
Dundigal,Hyderabad -500043
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Course Title DATA MINING, WAREHOUSE AND VISULIZATION
Course Code CMB59
Program MBA
Semester IV
Course Type Elective
Regulation IARE–PG21
Course Structure Theory Practical
Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
4 - 4 - -
Course Coordinator Ms.L.Sainath Yadav, Assistant Professor
I. COURSEOVERVIEW:
The MBA course on Business Data Mining, Warehouse, and Visualization provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the strategic importance of data in modern business decision-making. The course covers fundamental concepts and techniques related to data mining, emphasizing the extraction of valuable insights from large datasets to inform business strategies. Students learn the principles of data warehousing, exploring how to efficiently store, organize, and retrieve data for analysis. Additionally, the course delves into advanced visualization techniques, equipping students with the skills to communicate complex data findings effectively. Through practical applications and case studies, students gain hands-on experience in leveraging data to enhance organizational decision-making, ultimately preparing them to navigate the data-driven landscape of contemporary business environments.
II. COURSEPRE-REQUISITES:
Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites
PG CMBC19 I Management Information Systems
III. MARKSDISTRIBUTION:
Subject SEE Examination CIA Examination Total Marks
Data Mining, Warehouse And Visualization 70 Marks 30 Marks 100
IV. DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONALMETHODOLOGIES:
✔ Chalk &Talk ✘ Quiz ✔ Assignments ✘ MOOCs
✔ LCD/PPT ✔ Seminars ✘ Mini Project ✔ Videos
✘ Open Ended Experiments
V. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and 70marks for Semester End Examination (SEE).Out of 30 marks allotted for CIA during the semester, marks are awarded by taking average of two CIA examinations or the marks scored in the make-up examination.
Semester End Examination (SEE):
The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration. The syllabus for the theory courses is divided into FIVE modules and each module carries equal weight age in terms of marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full questions with “either‟ or ‟choice” will be drawn from each module. Each question carries 14 marks. There could be a maximum of two sub divisions in a question.
The expected percentage of cognitive level of the questions is broadly based on the criteria given inTable:1.
Table1: The expected percentage of cognitive level of questions in SEE.
Percentage of Cognitive Level Blooms Taxonomy Level
10 % Remember
30 % Understand
20 % Apply
20 % Analyze
10 % Evaluate
10 % Create
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):
CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks (Table 2), with 25 marks for Continuous Internal Examination (CI
Ratio analysis
This document contains a summary of a group project on ratio analysis conducted by 5 students from the University of Haripur, Pakistan. It defines various types of ratios including liquidity, leverage, coverage, activity, and profitability ratios. It provides examples of specific ratios like current ratio, quick ratio, debt ratio, times interest earned ratio, inventory turnover ratio, and return on assets. The document also discusses the importance and limitations of ratio analysis for financial decision making.
Ratio analysis1
The document discusses ratio analysis, which involves calculating and interpreting various financial ratios to evaluate aspects of a company's performance and financial position. It defines key ratios including liquidity ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, and leverage ratios. It provides formulas and examples for specific ratios like current ratio, inventory turnover, debt-to-equity ratio, and return on equity. The purpose of ratio analysis is to help assess a company's liquidity, profitability, financial stability, and management quality.
Cost and management accounting
This document provides an overview of management accounting concepts including ratio analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, marginal costing, standard costing, budgetary control, costing for decision making, and responsibility accounting. It then discusses various types of ratios in detail, including liquidity ratios like current ratio and quick ratio, solvency ratios like debt-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio, activity ratios like stock turnover ratio and debtors turnover ratio, and profitability ratios like gross profit ratio and net profit ratio. Finally, it discusses cash flow statements, their objectives, important definitions as per accounting standards, and classification of cash flows.
Ratio Analysis- Dr.J.Mexon
This document provides information on ratio analysis, including definitions, calculations, and uses of various types of ratios. It discusses profitability ratios, coverage ratios, turnover ratios, financial ratios, and control ratios. For each type of ratio, it provides examples and explanations of important individual ratios calculated within that category, such as gross profit ratio, current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and budget variance ratio. The document is intended to help explain ratio analysis and how different financial ratios can be used for analysis and decision making.
Ratio Analysis Ppt
Ratio analysis involves calculating relationships between financial statement items to interpret a firm's financial condition and performance. Ratios can be classified into liquidity, capital structure, profitability, and activity ratios. Liquidity ratios measure short-term solvency, capital structure ratios measure long-term solvency, profitability ratios measure operating efficiency and returns, and activity ratios measure asset utilization and efficiency. Ratios are compared over time, against industry standards, or between firms to identify strengths, weaknesses, and trends.
Ratio analysis of square pharma
This document provides an introduction and methodology for analyzing the financial ratios of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. for the financial years 2013-14 and 2014-15. It lists the group members conducting the analysis and the objectives to assess the company's performance, financial condition, and compare the two years. The methodology describes collecting annual report data from the Dhaka Stock Exchange to calculate 11 key financial ratios to analyze liquidity, profitability, asset management, and debt management. These ratios will be used to evaluate Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.'s financial position and performance over the two years.
Imp ratios & there usage
The document discusses various types of ratios used to evaluate companies, including efficiency ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, and profitability ratios. Efficiency ratios measure how effectively a company uses its assets. Liquidity ratios evaluate a company's ability to meet short-term obligations. Leverage ratios assess how much debt a company has relative to equity. Profitability ratios provide information on a company's margins and returns. Comparing ratios over time and across peers can provide insights into a company's performance and financial health.
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- 1. RATIO ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS by : DR. T.K. JAIN AFTERSCHO ☺ OL centre for social entrepreneurship sivakamu veterinary hospital road bikaner 334001 rajasthan, india www.afterschoool.tk mobile : 91+9414430763
- 2. What types of ratios to use? Depending on your purpose, you may use different ratios. If you want to judge liquidity, use liquidity ratios, if you want to judge efficiency and performance, use operating ratios, if you are a creditor, look for solvency ratios.
- 3. Types of ratios... Solvency ratios (for example, debt equity ratio ) liquidity ratio (for example current ratio) profitability / operating ratios (for example turnover ratios)
- 4. How to undertake ratio analysis ? First of all make necessary adjustments in the balance sheet so that it can be compared. In ratio analysis we compare data from balance sheet and profit and loss accounts. We need data which can be compared. We have to find out the data which are comparable. Thus we need to make minor adjustments in these in order to make them comparable
- 5. Which ratio to use for evaluating inventory management Ratio analysis depends on your questions. If you want to judge inventory management, use inventory turnover ratios to find out the performance of the company.
- 6. What is inventory turnover? All turnover ratios have sales as numerator and the denominator is the item that you want to know. Instead of sales, you can also take cost of goods sold. Thus if you have sales and profit both the figure, you may use cost of goods sold (SALES – PROFIT) for this purpose. If sales is 100, and inventory is 10, inventory turnover ratio is 100/10=10, which is good (you dont have excess inventory)
- 7. Compare the ratio.... In order to derive any conclusion, compare the ratio that you have calculated with other ratios, and compare with other companies and other units. Ratio analysis can be misleading, if you dont have similar information to compare. For example, in wool industry of Bikaner, debtor turnover ratio of 4 is very good, but in a grocery store this will be very bad.
- 8. Ratio analysis is relative... Ratio analysis is relative as it depends on industry practices, business trends and many factors like this. Be careful to consider all those factors. Wool industry in Bikaner generally gives very long credit period – 6 months on an average. A grocery store cannot give such a long credit period, thus we have to understand the industry practices before taking any decision
- 9. Liquidity ratio... The purpose of these ratios is to find out availability of liquidity (cash or cash equivalent) in the company. Liquidity is necessary for smooth running of the business. We need to have high liquidity in a business to make it profitable. Liquidity ratio can be calculated by the following means : current ratio : comparison of current assets and current liability etc.
- 10. Current ratio Just devide current asset by current liability ideally you must have current assets at least 2 times the current liabilities. Thus if your current liabilities are 100, current assets must be at least 200. again you have to look at the type of current assets also. You have to look at the nature and composition of current assets before taking any decision.
- 11. Quick ratio Devide quick assets by current liabilities. Quick assets are those which can be converted into cash any time. These include cash, debtors, BR, etc. Thus if there is urgent demand from creditors, we can convert quick assets into cash and pay them. Thus quick assets should be at least equal to current liabilities. Inventories are generally not considered quick assets
- 12. Solvency ratio... Solvency ratios help you in identifying the solvency (capacity to meet liabilities in the long term) examples of these ratios are : debt equity ratio etc.
- 13. Debt equity ratio Devide your total long term debt by equity. Your long term debt should never be more than double the equity. However, in some industry (where there is some support by government / financial institution), you can have debt equity ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 also. Power sector in India is one such example, where you may have DE ratio of 4:1
- 14. THANKS.... GIVE YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND JOIN AFTERSCHOOOL NETWORK / START AFTERSCHOOOL NETWORK IN YOUR CITY [email_address] PGPSE – WORLD'S MOST COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMME IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP