Rat acute phase response Life Diagnostics Inc.
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Rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute phase response. Acute phase protein levels were then measured in the rat serum at various time points. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin and thiostatin levels significantly increased, peaking between 24-48 hours after LPS injection. In contrast, levels of albumin, murinoglobulin and transferrin decreased, with transferrin decreasing to only 13% of baseline levels within 1 hour of the LPS challenge. The study demonstrates the rat acute phase response to inflammatory stimuli.
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Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute phase response. Levels of acute phase proteins and cytokines were measured in serum at various time points. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin levels peaked at 134-fold and 21-fold greater than baseline 24 hours after LPS injection, respectively, indicating they are excellent biomarkers for a mouse acute phase response. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha increased within 1 hour of LPS challenge, demonstrating their role in initiating the acute phase response.
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Service Details
GeneChrome, two biochemist joined hand & started this concept on the basis of 11 year experience in diagnostics segment with exposure of various technology.
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Adrenergic agonists & antagonists in veterinary medicine
Adrenergic agonists & antagonists in veterinary medicine Dr. Sindhu K., Asst. Prof., Dept. of VPT, VCG.
This document discusses adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It begins by classifying adrenergic agonists as direct acting, mixed acting, or indirect acting. It then discusses specific alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists like phenylephrine, clonidine, dobutamine, and terbutaline. It details their mechanisms of action and clinical indications. The document concludes by discussing classes of adrenergic antagonists including alpha receptor antagonists, beta receptor antagonists, and specific drugs like propranolol, prazocin, and yohimbine.Endocrine
The document discusses endocrine issues in critical illness, including the stress response and its effects on glucose levels and insulin resistance. It presents evidence that tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy reduces mortality in critically ill patients. The text also examines glucocorticoid physiology and biosynthesis, noting that adrenal insufficiency is common in sepsis and ICU patients. Studies demonstrate improved outcomes with hydrocortisone replacement in patients with septic shock or adrenal insufficiency.
Screening of antiparkinson agent
This document summarizes screening methods for potential antiparkinson agents. It describes several in vivo and in vitro models used to test compounds. The key in vivo models discussed are:
1. Tremorine and oxotremorine antagonism in mice, which tests a compound's ability to reduce tremors induced by these muscarinic agonists.
2. The MPTP model in monkeys and mice, which uses MPTP to damage dopaminergic neurons and induce Parkinson's-like symptoms that can be reversed or reduced by test compounds.
3. Reserpine antagonism in rats, which tests if a compound can reduce sedation and motor impairment caused by reserpine depletion of cate
laura poster
CETP transgenic female mice fed a high-fat diet gained more weight than controls but remained insulin sensitive, unlike the male mice. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, where CETP female mice had a higher glucose infusion rate and insulin sensitivity index than controls, indicating greater insulin sensitivity. Gene expression analysis found that in ovariectomized female mice, CETP augmented estrogen-induced changes in genes related to insulin signaling like SHP. This suggests CETP requires estrogen to enhance insulin signaling in both female and male mice.
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Plasma enzymes can be either plasma-derived or cell-derived. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) are examples of enzymes that exist as multiple isoenzyme forms with tissue-specific patterns. Measurement of isoenzyme levels can provide clinical information about tissue injury or disease. For example, elevated levels of specific LDH or CPK isoenzymes can indicate myocardial infarction, while others may signify muscle, liver, or cancerous diseases. Alkaline phosphatase also demonstrates isoenzyme patterns that are increased in conditions like liver obstruction or bone diseases.
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This study aimed to characterize the inhibitory role of fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, on pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion in human macrophages. A human macrophage cell culture system was established using THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages with PMA. LPS stimulated significant cytokine secretion from the macrophages over 24 hours. Fenofibrate pre-treatment reduced LPS-mediated secretion of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines. Fenofibrate also reduced LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation. Additional studies are underway to further determine fenofibrate's inhibitory role on NF-κB-mediated inflammatory activity, with implications for its therapeutic use in cholestatic
Recent diagnosis and newer drugs in leprosy (1).pptx
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ACCP publication
1) The study investigated the effects of IRL-1620, an ETB receptor agonist, on beta amyloid (Aβ)-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in non-diabetic and diabetic rats.
2) IRL-1620 treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers increased by Aβ and improved spatial memory impairment caused by Aβ in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats.
3) The results suggest that stimulation of ETB receptors by IRL-1620 provides neuroprotection against Aβ-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress.
Screening models for Parkinson & multiple sclerosis
1. The document discusses various in vivo and in vitro models used to study Parkinson's disease (PD). In vivo models include antagonism of tremorine/oxotremorine-induced parkinsonism in mice, reserpine antagonism in mice, the MPTP model in monkeys, and circling behavior in nigrostriatal lesioned rats. In vitro methods include experiments using rat striatal slices and measuring dopamine stimulated adenyl cyclase activity.
2. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model is described as the most widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is induced by immunizing mice with myelin antigens, causing an inflammatory de
Concept of I/V fluid & its updates on surgical practice
The document discusses intravenous (IV) fluid prescription and management. It notes that many doctors lack knowledge about fluid and electrolyte needs as well as IV fluid compositions. This can lead to inadequate or excess IV fluids, increasing morbidity, mortality, and costs. It recommends doctors have knowledge of physiology, electrolytes, IV fluid types and compositions, fluid selection, and monitoring when prescribing IV fluids. The document provides details on fluid volumes, electrolyte requirements, and types of IV fluids used in different clinical situations. It stresses the importance of ongoing reassessment when managing IV fluids.
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Adrenergic agonists & antagonists in veterinary medicine
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- 1. Rat Acute Phase Response Acute Phase Response in Rats Summary Acute phase protein levels were measured in serum from Sprague Dawley rats after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats (~200g) were injected (i.p.) with LPS (1 mg/kg) dissolved in phosphate- buffered saline. At the times indicated, blood was drawn and serum prepared. Acute phase protein levels were evaluated using ELISA kits manufactured by Life Diagnostics, Inc. Data are illustrated as fold- change relative to baseline values. A1AGP: a-1-acid glycoprotein, A2M: a-2-macroglobulin, CP: ceruloplasmin, CRP: C-reactive protein, Fib: fibrinogen, Hapt: haptoglobin, HPX: hemopexin, TS: thiostatin, MUR: murinoglobulin, TF: transferrin Baseline values (mg/ml): A1AGP (0.079), A2M (0.032), CP (1.044), Clusterin (0.012), CRP (0.541), Fib (1.522), Hapt (0.709), HPX (0.829), TS (0.136), Albumin (22.8), MUR (12.2), TF (3.92) Comments Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin and thiostatin are excellent positive acute phase biomarkers in rats. Levels peak 24-48 hours after inflammatory stimulus but significant elevations are observed as early as one hour after LPS challenge. Negative acute phase biomarkers include albumin, murinoglobulin and transferrin, the latter decreases to 13% of baseline values within 1 hour of LPS challenge. Life Diagnostics, Inc. PO Box 5205, West Chester, PA 19380. USA 610-431-7707 (p) / 610-431-7818 (f) info@lifediagnostics.com / www.lifediagnostics.com