The document discusses the Marin Carbon Project, which aims to enhance carbon sequestration in soils through research and implementation. The project conducted studies that showed applying compost can significantly increase soil carbon and forage production. This demonstrates that land management practices like organic amendments can effectively sequester carbon. The project aims to further explore using grazing management to initiate positive feedback loops that promote soil carbon increases on rangelands globally, with the goal of reversing the rise in atmospheric CO2 levels.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil carbon sequestration involves transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic materials. This helps offset carbon emissions while improving soil quality and productivity. Management practices that increase biomass additions to soils, minimize disturbance, conserve soil and water, and enhance soil structure and biology can sequester carbon through continuous no-till crop production. The document then discusses carbon sequestration in the context of Indian agriculture and the impacts of climate change on food production in India.
Land productivity is key to feed the world - grasslands as “protein pools”
Land degradation remains a global challenge and reducing/reversing land degradation is a development/research priority
Soil comes to the global agenda: sustainable intensification
Global Environmental Benefits - land degradation and soils are among the priority global benefits (GEF/UNCCD)
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Dr Andrew Rawson: Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Changing ClimateCarbon Coalition
Dr Andrew Rawson of the NSW Department of the Environment and Climate Change, explains why climate change is blamed for more than it can be held to have caused. This presentation was given at the Carbon farming Expo & Conference in Orange NSW Australia in November 2008.
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Miguel Taboada, from INTA - Argentina, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soil. It aims to reduce greenhouse gases in the air by capturing carbon in stable forms in soil. This improves soil structure and fertility, leading to increased crop yields. Methods of soil carbon sequestration include ocean storage, geological injection, and terrestrial sequestration. Case studies examine using models to predict global sequestration rates and the impact of tillage practices and cover crops on soil organic carbon levels. Implementing recommended land management practices can help sequester carbon in Indian agricultural and grassland soils.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil carbon sequestration involves transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic materials. This helps offset carbon emissions while improving soil quality and productivity. Management practices that increase biomass additions to soils, minimize disturbance, conserve soil and water, and enhance soil structure and biology can sequester carbon through continuous no-till crop production. The document then discusses carbon sequestration in the context of Indian agriculture and the impacts of climate change on food production in India.
Land productivity is key to feed the world - grasslands as “protein pools”
Land degradation remains a global challenge and reducing/reversing land degradation is a development/research priority
Soil comes to the global agenda: sustainable intensification
Global Environmental Benefits - land degradation and soils are among the priority global benefits (GEF/UNCCD)
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Dr Andrew Rawson: Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Changing ClimateCarbon Coalition
Dr Andrew Rawson of the NSW Department of the Environment and Climate Change, explains why climate change is blamed for more than it can be held to have caused. This presentation was given at the Carbon farming Expo & Conference in Orange NSW Australia in November 2008.
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Miguel Taboada, from INTA - Argentina, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soil. It aims to reduce greenhouse gases in the air by capturing carbon in stable forms in soil. This improves soil structure and fertility, leading to increased crop yields. Methods of soil carbon sequestration include ocean storage, geological injection, and terrestrial sequestration. Case studies examine using models to predict global sequestration rates and the impact of tillage practices and cover crops on soil organic carbon levels. Implementing recommended land management practices can help sequester carbon in Indian agricultural and grassland soils.
Soil Organic Carbon for Food Security and ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Deborah Bossio, lead soil scientist at the Nature Conservancy, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Carbon Management and Sequestration in Drylands soils of Morocco: Nexus Appro...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Land management impact on soil organic carbon stocks – what do we really know?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Axel Don, from Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture -Germany, in FAO Hq, Rome
Gerard GOVERS, Roel MERCKX, Kristof VAN OOST, Bas VAN WESEMAEL "Soil organic ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1. Soil organic carbon management for global benefits involves balancing strategies like sparing land for carbon storage versus sharing land for food production, with careful consideration of socioeconomic factors.
2. Even modest increases in soil organic carbon inputs and reductions in losses could lead to storing 500 million tonnes of carbon annually through improved land management practices.
3. Scientific progress is still needed, particularly regarding concepts like soil carbon saturation levels and how climate change will impact soil organic carbon stocks.
Opportunities & challenges of scs in indian conditionsSunil Jhorar
This document discusses opportunities and challenges of soil carbon sequestration in Indian conditions. It begins with an introduction to climate change and carbon sequestration. It then discusses ways carbon can be sequestered, including geologically, in oceans, and terrestrially in plants and soil. The document focuses on opportunities for soil carbon sequestration through crop management strategies like rotations and residue management, nutrient management using organic and inorganic fertilizers, and agroforestry. Challenges of soil carbon sequestration are also mentioned. The document provides many examples and data on soil organic carbon levels under different management practices.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soils through various agricultural management practices. It outlines concepts of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. It then discusses specific practices like conservation tillage, cover cropping, animal manure application, improved grassland management, and agroforestry that can sequester carbon in soils at rates of 0.1 to 1+ Mg C/ha/yr. The document emphasizes that a diversity of practices which increase carbon inputs and minimize losses can help mitigate rising greenhouse gases and restore degraded lands.
Effect of global warming on soil organic CarbonP.K. Mani
Global temperatures are projected to increase 1.5-5.8°C by 2100 due to greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Soil contains over twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and warming could cause soils to release large amounts of carbon, creating a positive feedback loop. The response of soil carbon to warming depends on factors like changes in inputs from plant growth and increases in decomposition rates from higher temperatures. High latitude regions with carbon-rich permafrost soils may be particularly vulnerable to carbon release under warming. Strategies to sequester carbon in soils through practices like reduced tillage, cover cropping, and biochar addition could help mitigate climate change.
Protection of soil from the loss of organic carbon by taking into account ero...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Sergio Saia, from CREA – Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses soil carbon sequestration as a strategy for addressing food security, climate resilience, and low-emission agriculture. It notes that soil carbon levels have declined significantly in many agricultural soils. Improving land management practices, such as no-till farming and use of cover crops, offers large potential to sequester carbon in soil. Soil carbon sequestration can provide benefits like increased crop yields as well as incentives for adoption. The document proposes developing an open-source geospatial database to monitor soil carbon levels under different land uses and management practices worldwide.
1) The study examined the effects of grazing and fire on soil carbon in dry African savannas.
2) Results showed that there was no significant difference in soil carbon between burned and unburned plots, or between closed and open grazing lands of different ages.
3) Exclosures were found to be effective in restoring degraded lands and reducing soil erosion, though they did not significantly increase soil carbon storage.
This document summarizes global carbon stocks and fluxes. It shows that soils store over 2,500 Gt of carbon, more than twice as much as the atmosphere and biota combined. Soils in croplands, grasslands, and forests account for over half of the total carbon in world soils. The document also outlines carbon sequestration potential through improved agricultural and land management practices, with estimates that up to 3 Gt of carbon could be sequestered annually in cropland and rangeland soils alone through practices like no-till farming, cover cropping, and restoration of degraded lands.
This document presents a proposal for a project to mitigate climate change through increasing carbon sequestration in rangelands in Nepal. The project aims to scientifically manage rangelands through practices like rotational grazing, fertilizing, and brush management. This will increase vegetation growth and soil carbon levels, making the rangelands a carbon sink. The project will measure initial carbon levels, implement management practices, and measure final carbon levels to quantify the additional carbon sequestered. The expected outcomes are climate change mitigation, increased rangeland and livestock productivity, and improved livelihoods for rural communities.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
This study examined how different rain basin designs influence soil microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in a semi-arid environment. Specifically, it compared basins covered with gravel mulch or a compost and gravel mulch. The addition of compost and gravel increased soil moisture and organic matter content before monsoon season when the soil was dry, likely due to increased water retention. Higher soil moisture led to greater microbial activity and biomass. After rainfall, nitrogen mineralization rates correlated most strongly with microbial activity levels. The basin design that added compost and gravel to the mulch layer had the greatest impact on abiotic and biotic drivers of nitrogen cycling processes in rain basins.
C sequestration of a grazed permanent grasslands: uses of complementary metho...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Katja Klumpp, from INRA – France, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
GSR's Monthly Newsletter. This month features a in-depth guest article about Carbon Sequestration through Sustainable Restorative Agriculture (SRA) by Chris Danch.
This document summarizes research on managing grasslands to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. It finds that:
1) Grasslands store large amounts of carbon in soils, and practices like applying livestock manure or compost can significantly increase soil carbon storage for decades or more, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Managing half of California's grasslands to increase soil carbon by 0.5 metric tons per hectare per year could offset 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents annually.
3) Projects demonstrating increased soil carbon through compost and manure in California grasslands show the potential for agriculture and soil management to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
Soil Organic Carbon for Food Security and ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Deborah Bossio, lead soil scientist at the Nature Conservancy, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Carbon Management and Sequestration in Drylands soils of Morocco: Nexus Appro...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Land management impact on soil organic carbon stocks – what do we really know?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Axel Don, from Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture -Germany, in FAO Hq, Rome
Gerard GOVERS, Roel MERCKX, Kristof VAN OOST, Bas VAN WESEMAEL "Soil organic ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1. Soil organic carbon management for global benefits involves balancing strategies like sparing land for carbon storage versus sharing land for food production, with careful consideration of socioeconomic factors.
2. Even modest increases in soil organic carbon inputs and reductions in losses could lead to storing 500 million tonnes of carbon annually through improved land management practices.
3. Scientific progress is still needed, particularly regarding concepts like soil carbon saturation levels and how climate change will impact soil organic carbon stocks.
Opportunities & challenges of scs in indian conditionsSunil Jhorar
This document discusses opportunities and challenges of soil carbon sequestration in Indian conditions. It begins with an introduction to climate change and carbon sequestration. It then discusses ways carbon can be sequestered, including geologically, in oceans, and terrestrially in plants and soil. The document focuses on opportunities for soil carbon sequestration through crop management strategies like rotations and residue management, nutrient management using organic and inorganic fertilizers, and agroforestry. Challenges of soil carbon sequestration are also mentioned. The document provides many examples and data on soil organic carbon levels under different management practices.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soils through various agricultural management practices. It outlines concepts of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. It then discusses specific practices like conservation tillage, cover cropping, animal manure application, improved grassland management, and agroforestry that can sequester carbon in soils at rates of 0.1 to 1+ Mg C/ha/yr. The document emphasizes that a diversity of practices which increase carbon inputs and minimize losses can help mitigate rising greenhouse gases and restore degraded lands.
Effect of global warming on soil organic CarbonP.K. Mani
Global temperatures are projected to increase 1.5-5.8°C by 2100 due to greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Soil contains over twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and warming could cause soils to release large amounts of carbon, creating a positive feedback loop. The response of soil carbon to warming depends on factors like changes in inputs from plant growth and increases in decomposition rates from higher temperatures. High latitude regions with carbon-rich permafrost soils may be particularly vulnerable to carbon release under warming. Strategies to sequester carbon in soils through practices like reduced tillage, cover cropping, and biochar addition could help mitigate climate change.
Protection of soil from the loss of organic carbon by taking into account ero...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Sergio Saia, from CREA – Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses soil carbon sequestration as a strategy for addressing food security, climate resilience, and low-emission agriculture. It notes that soil carbon levels have declined significantly in many agricultural soils. Improving land management practices, such as no-till farming and use of cover crops, offers large potential to sequester carbon in soil. Soil carbon sequestration can provide benefits like increased crop yields as well as incentives for adoption. The document proposes developing an open-source geospatial database to monitor soil carbon levels under different land uses and management practices worldwide.
1) The study examined the effects of grazing and fire on soil carbon in dry African savannas.
2) Results showed that there was no significant difference in soil carbon between burned and unburned plots, or between closed and open grazing lands of different ages.
3) Exclosures were found to be effective in restoring degraded lands and reducing soil erosion, though they did not significantly increase soil carbon storage.
This document summarizes global carbon stocks and fluxes. It shows that soils store over 2,500 Gt of carbon, more than twice as much as the atmosphere and biota combined. Soils in croplands, grasslands, and forests account for over half of the total carbon in world soils. The document also outlines carbon sequestration potential through improved agricultural and land management practices, with estimates that up to 3 Gt of carbon could be sequestered annually in cropland and rangeland soils alone through practices like no-till farming, cover cropping, and restoration of degraded lands.
This document presents a proposal for a project to mitigate climate change through increasing carbon sequestration in rangelands in Nepal. The project aims to scientifically manage rangelands through practices like rotational grazing, fertilizing, and brush management. This will increase vegetation growth and soil carbon levels, making the rangelands a carbon sink. The project will measure initial carbon levels, implement management practices, and measure final carbon levels to quantify the additional carbon sequestered. The expected outcomes are climate change mitigation, increased rangeland and livestock productivity, and improved livelihoods for rural communities.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
This study examined how different rain basin designs influence soil microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in a semi-arid environment. Specifically, it compared basins covered with gravel mulch or a compost and gravel mulch. The addition of compost and gravel increased soil moisture and organic matter content before monsoon season when the soil was dry, likely due to increased water retention. Higher soil moisture led to greater microbial activity and biomass. After rainfall, nitrogen mineralization rates correlated most strongly with microbial activity levels. The basin design that added compost and gravel to the mulch layer had the greatest impact on abiotic and biotic drivers of nitrogen cycling processes in rain basins.
C sequestration of a grazed permanent grasslands: uses of complementary metho...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Katja Klumpp, from INRA – France, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
GSR's Monthly Newsletter. This month features a in-depth guest article about Carbon Sequestration through Sustainable Restorative Agriculture (SRA) by Chris Danch.
This document summarizes research on managing grasslands to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. It finds that:
1) Grasslands store large amounts of carbon in soils, and practices like applying livestock manure or compost can significantly increase soil carbon storage for decades or more, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Managing half of California's grasslands to increase soil carbon by 0.5 metric tons per hectare per year could offset 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents annually.
3) Projects demonstrating increased soil carbon through compost and manure in California grasslands show the potential for agriculture and soil management to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
- The document evaluates the benefits of biochar on soil quality and its effects on soil carbon sequestration as a pathway to sustainability. It discusses how tillage reduces soil carbon and biochar can increase carbon storage. Experiments were conducted on volcanic soils in Guam comparing no-tillage, reduced tillage, conventional tillage, and conventional tillage with biochar application. Results showed biochar can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase crop yields compared to other tillage methods. Further research on using biochar and other conservation practices can help sequester carbon and mitigate climate change.
This document discusses carbon cycling along the land-ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) in the UK. It finds that the LOAC is highly variable across catchments and poorly studied. In the UK, the fraction of carbon exported from land to rivers depends on land use and hydrology, with forests playing a key role. In estuaries, carbon behavior is linked to catchment characteristics, with peatland-draining systems showing conservative transport. Throughout the LOAC, photolysis and respiration are important loss mechanisms, while flocculation plays a minor role. The next steps involve linking these findings to the inorganic carbon cycle.
Stewardship of Natural Resources 8.10.09guestcf72b2
The document discusses carbon sequestration in soils and its importance. It notes that carbon dioxide can be stored in soils through certain agricultural practices, but that rising temperatures threaten to release stored carbon. Adopting practices that build up carbon in soils over 40-50 years could help mitigate climate change. The document outlines how carbon is essential to soil health, plant growth, and all life, and explains the potential of different agricultural practices to sequester carbon in kilograms per hectare per year.
The document discusses carbon sequestration in soils and its importance. It notes that carbon dioxide can be stored in soils through certain agricultural practices, but that rising temperatures threaten to release stored carbon back into the atmosphere. Adopting practices that build up carbon in soils over 40-50 years could help mitigate climate change by storing carbon long-term in the ground.
CARBON_SEQUESTRATION in a unique way and morerohitzerofour
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate climate change. The document discusses various carbon sequestration methods including ocean, terrestrial, geological, and mineral sequestration. Ocean sequestration involves direct injection of CO2 into the deep ocean or ocean iron fertilization to promote photosynthesis. Terrestrial sequestration uses plants and soils to capture carbon from the atmosphere. Geological sequestration involves injecting CO2 underground into deep rock formations for permanent storage. The document also provides two case studies, one on mangrove forest carbon sequestration in the Philippines and another on soil carbon sequestration through grassland restoration in the United
Soils play a crucial role in global health by supporting crop production, storing carbon and water, and facilitating nutrient cycling. However, soils face significant threats from processes like erosion, compaction, and loss of structure. While agricultural productivity has increased in recent decades, pressures on soils remain high. Conservation agriculture techniques can significantly reduce erosion risks. Careful monitoring of soil health is needed using indicators like soil organic carbon and water availability. Improving yields through sustainable soil management can both boost food production and protect soils.
2,3 Greenhouse gases, global scenario, green house effectt and global warming...Neeraj Ojha
As far as Nepalese people are concerned, they are very bad in their food habits. Disease like ulcer and diabetes are rampant along Nepalese people. Moreover, there are areas in the country where there is a severe malnutrition.
Factors influencing food habits
•Individual Preferences
Every individual has unique likes and dislikes concerning foods.
•Cultural Influences
A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors.
•Social Influences
Members of asocial group depend on each other, share a common culture, and influence each other's behaviors and values.
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
1) Climate change is causing less rainfall, more hot days, rising sea levels, and greater temperature extremes in Australia which impacts horticulture.
2) Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from soils and fertilizers which contribute to climate change.
3) Using compost can help mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in soils, improving soil quality, and replacing chemical fertilizers while also providing other environmental benefits.
1) Climate change is causing less rainfall, more hot days, rising sea levels, and greater temperature extremes in Australia which impacts horticulture.
2) Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from soils and fertilizers which contribute to climate change.
3) Using compost can help mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in soils, improving soil quality, and replacing chemical fertilizers while also providing other environmental benefits.
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, including capturing CO2 from power plant flue gases using chemical absorption with amines, enhancing soil carbon through agricultural practices like no-till farming, storing CO2 in geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and increasing terrestrial carbon sinks in forests, soils, and other ecosystems. The large-scale potential of carbon sequestration makes it an important tool for reducing CO2 emissions while still allowing continued fossil fuel usage.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to climate change, including:
- The introduction outlines the main sections to be covered: causes of climate change, impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, and public policy approaches.
- Subsequent sections discuss mechanisms of climate change like the greenhouse effect and carbon cycle, predicted impacts such as rising temperatures, sea level rise, and effects on biodiversity.
- Mitigation strategies addressed include reducing emissions in sectors like transportation, industry, and energy through renewable alternatives and reforestation. Adaptation approaches aim to adjust natural and human systems to climate impacts.
- Global public policy challenges are also reviewed, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and issues
Rangeland Carbon Sequestration In Californiaandrewfynn
There are several methodological elements that could be combined to create a balanced rangeland carbon sequestration protocol, including direct soil sampling, spectroscopy methods, eddy covariance towers, remote sensing, and ecosystem models. A successful protocol may have a simple front-end using visual indicators and some direct sampling, combined with a sophisticated back-office using modeling, analysis, and new technologies to drive adoption rates. Both soil carbon and tree carbon should be considered given their interactions and impacts on ecosystem functions.
BRIEF ASCEPTS IN CARBON STOCK, CARBON POOLS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIA...RJSREBCRAN
This document discusses carbon stocks, carbon pools, and carbon sequestration potential under different land uses in Indian soils. It provides background on carbon cycling and storage in soils, outlines carbon pools in Indian soils, and discusses factors that influence carbon sequestration potential such as soil type, climate, land use and management practices. The document reviews research on carbon storage in Indian agricultural soils and the potential to enhance soil organic carbon through improved land management.
The document provides an overview of what is known about carbon storage and sequestration in various UK terrestrial habitats. It notes that the evidence base is still developing and varies in certainty between habitat types. Key points made include:
- Woodlands and peatlands store the most carbon, primarily in soils. New woodland creation and restoration of degraded habitats can sequester carbon.
- Grasslands are also significant carbon stores, though intensive management may reduce soil carbon. Reducing grazing and soil disturbance helps sequestration.
- Heathlands store carbon in soils, especially wet heathlands. Management practices should minimize soil disturbance to avoid carbon emissions.
- Further research is still needed to better quantify carbon metrics
This document provides an overview of regenerative agriculture and its potential to mitigate climate change by drawing down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It discusses how regenerative practices can sequester large amounts of carbon in soils each year, potentially sequestering enough to stabilize the climate. Case studies from around the world show specific regenerative techniques, such as composting, cover cropping, holistic grazing, and permaculture, successfully increasing soil carbon levels and agricultural productivity even in drought conditions. The document argues that transitioning just 10% of global agriculture to regenerative systems could reverse climate change through carbon sequestration.
Effect of Global Warming on Soil Organic CarbonAmruta Raut
Global warming is causing soils to release carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important carbon pool that is sensitive to climate factors like temperature and precipitation. As temperatures rise due to global warming, it increases microbial decomposition of SOC, releasing more carbon dioxide. However, implementing strategies to sequester carbon in soils, like cover cropping, adding amendments, and reducing tillage, could help mitigate climate change by storing carbon long-term in SOC pools. Careful management of SOC is vital for protecting this important carbon sink and regulating greenhouse gas levels.
Soil organic carbon stock changes under grazed grasslands in New ZealandExternalEvents
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48. Darren Doherty, Australian Keyline Expert
“A 1.6% increase of the organic matter in the soils of
all the arable lands on Earth would stop and reverse
global warming within a decade.”
51. The question was, how to measure
soil carbon in order to market it?
Is there an accepted protocol for
measuring and verifying carbon
sequestered in rangeland soil?
52. We contacted UCB,
where we met
Prof. Whendee
Silver, who was
already working
with SOC in
tropical soil
systems, and she
expressed an
interest in working
with us.
53. We convened a meeting with the regional agricultural
agencies, organizations, institutions and experts.
54. Is it possible
to sequester
atmospheric
Carbon in
Marin’s
rangeland
soils?
55. How much C is in Marin soil?
Marin Carbon Project Phase I:
• A regional soil carbon survey
• Collect soil to 1 meter depth from 35 sites
in Marin and Sonoma
• Analyze soil for carbon, nitrogen, pH,
texture, and carbon fractions.
• Determine if patterns in soil carbon pools
exist with soil chemical and physical
properties, environmental conditions and/
or management.
56. We sampled 35 sites that were typical of land under
management in our area; beef and dairy pasture.
57. The regional analysis also showed a wide range in soil C pools
Ranked Site
0
100
200
300
400
SoilsCarbon(Mg/ha)to1mdepth
58. The soil survey established that our soils
have a range from 14.5 tons/acre to 62.5
tons/acre.
59. 0 100 200 300 400
Depth (cm)
0
100
200
300
CumulativeSoilCarbon(Mgha-1)
Literature data
From California
rangelands
On average Marin soils appear to be in the
mid range of California rangelands
Average soil C for Marin/
Sonoma Counties
60. Organic amendments increased soil carbon by 50 Mg C
ha-1 in the top meter of soil
0-10 10-30 30-50 50-100
Depth (cm)
0
10
20
30
40
50
SoilCarbon(Mg/ha)
Intensive (organic
amendments)
Extensive
Extensive Intensive
0
100
200
300
SoilCarbon(Mg/ha)to1mdepth
61. Fields that had a history of manure
application had significantly higher carbon
than adjacent fields without the manure.
63. We decided to look deeper into the carbon
consequences of current practices of local
land managers:
1) grazing
2) organic amendments (we used
compost instead of manure)
Plus we were curious about the benefit of
using the Yeomans plow.
We designed controlled experiments to
measure the carbon consequences of each
of these practices.
70. • The result of applying 14 tons of C/ha as
compost was an increase in soil carbon of over
14.8 Mg C/ha in year 1,
• Net gain, beyond compost additions was
approx. 1 Mg C/ha.
• Control plot soils lost carbon in the same time
period.
Assumptions:
Heterotrophic respiration = 50% of total
Root biomass = shoot biomass
No difference in grazed/ungrazed biomass
72. • The first year, on two sites in California, we
added almost 15 tons of carbon per ha.
• There were no methane or nitrous oxide
emissions.
• We did this by applying a 1/2” layer of
compost over the standing vegetation.
• It was easy to do and relatively cheap.
• It increased forage by 1 ton per acre.
• It buffered temperatures 10ºC.
• It held more water in the soil.
73. California Rangelands and Carbon Sequestration
At a rate of 1 MT C ha-1 y-1
= 42 MMT CO2e/y
At a rate of 5 MT C ha-1 y-1
= 211 MMT CO2e/y
At a rate of 10 MT C ha-1 y-1
= 422 MMT CO2e/y
23 million hectares of rangeland statewide
Assume 50% available for C sequestration
•Livestock ~ 15 MMT CO2e/y
•Commercial/residential ~ 41 MMT
CO2e/y
•Transportation emits ~188 MMT CO2e/y
•Electrical generation ~109 MMT CO2e/y
Units:
Hectare = 2 .45 acres
MT = Metric ton
MMT= Million metric tons
CO2e = CO2 equivalents
MT=Mg=Metric ton
74. Grasslands cover a significant portion of the Earth’s
land surface
*30% of global land surface *Over half of the global land use
*33% of the US land area *56% of California land area
75.
76. Why General Systems Theory?
• Ecosystem Science
–A theoretical framework for the science of
ecosystem management.
• Ecosystem Management
–A theoretical framework identifying
management practices that sequester
carbon in soils, and how.
77. General Systems Theory
• GST suggests that we can manage ecosystems
through the manipulation of positive and
negative feedback processes.
78. System Behavior
• GST suggests systems are either changing or
remaining the same.
• System change is driven by
deviation amplifying positive feedbacks
• System stasis is maintained by deviation
dampening negative feedbacks.
80. For 400,000 years, atmospheric CO2 was essentially at
homeostasis, maintained by the deviation dampening negative
feedback of annual vegetation growth and senescence.
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/graphics/vostok.co2.gif
85. General Systems Theory
• To reverse the Keeling curve, caused by
deviation amplifying positive feedbacks
resulting in increases in atmospheric CO2, we
must initiate a deviation amplifying positive
feedback process that drives the CO2 curve in
the opposite direction.
86. How do we initiate, stop or reverse
deviation amplifying positive feedback
processes at the system level?
87. Eg: Gully Formation and Repair
• Gullies are a classic example of a deviation-
amplifying feedback cycle. As a gully begins to
form, the way in which water moves over the
land begins to change, with the effect of
further deepening and widening the gully.
88. • As gullies deepen and widen, they can lower
the base level within drainage basins. As the
base level drops due to gully incision, the
potential energy of any water flowing into the
gully increases, which further drives gully
formation.
89. • As channel walls erode, the gully widens and
begins to receive more direct rainfall. A wider
gully holds more water and therefore can cut
more deeply.
90. • We see a cascade of deviation-amplifying
events that act as positive feedbacks to form
deeper and wider gullies;
• Until some new homeostasis is reached.
91. • Good News
• Deviation amplifying positive
feedbacks can also reverse the
process!
92. Gully Restoration
• By introducing energy dissipating structure in the
form of willow and dogwood, and the structure of
the gully itself (Zeedyk and Clothier, 2009),
hydrological conditions improve, supporting further
vegetation establishment, slowing the water,
dropping out the sediments, aggrading the gully
floor, fanning out the water and re-hydrating the
xerified landscape. The water level rises, water-loving
plants move back in, catch more sediment, and the
system begins to re-build itself, as each step fosters
the next.
• And, as the productivity of the system increases,
recovering wetlands are great sinks for carbon.
93. • Organic amendments increased system carbon
by over 14.8 Mg C/ha in year 1.
• Net gain, beyond compost additions was
approx. 0.8 Mg C/ha.
95. Compost is great, but spreading compost
everywhere is not an option;
What can we do to initiate a deviation
amplifying positive feedback process that
results in the enhanced sequestration of
atmospheric CO2 as soil carbon on rangelands
globally?
101. Question:
Is this why “grazing systems” (sometimes)
work, and (sometimes) don’t?
Does this resolve the “Range Debate?”
102. Focus on Soil Carbon as an
Indicator
of System Change
103. Hypothetical effect of deviation amplifying positive
feedback resulting from Soil Carbon increases on global
rangelands due to strategically scaled livestock impacts
105. Grazing Trials: What does it mean to scale
our livestock impacts appropriately in our
systems?
106. • We are analyzing the data from the
intensive grazing portion of the
experiment.
• We expect to see a significantly higher rate
of sequestration from the high density,
short duration, long recovery
management… Stay tuned.
107.
108.
109.
110. NEXT STEPS
CREEK CARBON RESEARCH:
EXAMINE 35 YEARS OF LOCAL PASTURE /
RIPARIAN RESTORATION WORK AND DETERMINE
THE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONSEQUENCES
OF THOSE PROJECTS.
USE THIS INFORMATION TO ADJUST PROJECT
DESIGN AS WE GO FORWARD.
111. NEXT STEPS
COMPOST STUDY:
COMPARE MANURE TO COMPOST,
WHICH WORKS BEST?
Life cycle analysis of compost
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS:
COMPARE PASTURE OPERATIONS TO
C.A.F.O.
116. MARIN CARBON PROJECT
Jeff Creque, Ph.D.
Rangeland Ecologist
oecos@earthlink.net
John Wick,
Nicasio Native Grass Ranch
johnwick@sonic.net
117. MARIN C ARBON PROJECT
Mission Statement
In response to the rapid pace of global climate change caused by human activity,
the Marin Carbon Project seeks to enhance carbon sequestration in rangeland,
agricultural, and forest soilsthrough appliedresearch, demonstration and
implementation.
Vision Statement
Our vision is to establishland owners and land managers as soilcarbon
sequestration champions by providing economicaland ecological solutions to
global climate change.
Strategy
The Marin Carbon Project, a consortium of agricultural extension, agricultural
producer organizations, county and federal agricultural agencies,the resource
conservation district, private rangeland consultants, and land manager/ owners,
seeks tounderstand the potential for soil carbon sequestration to mitigate and
reverse global climatechange. This consortium of agencies and organizations is
working together and independently to promote, through applied research and
demonstration, enhanced carbon sequestration in Marin’s soils.The consortium
also will help facilitate development of a carbon market that supports soilcarbon
sequestration efforts on agricultural, forest and rangelands in Marin County and
globally.
121. Fossil Fuel Emissions: Actual vs. IPCC Scenarios
Raupach et al. 2007, PNAS, updated; Le Quéré et al. 2009, Nature Geoscience; International Monetary Fund 2009
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
FossilFuelEmission(GtCy
-1
)
5
6
7
8
9
10
A1B
A1FI
A1T
A2
B1
B2
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
International Energy Agency
Source: Global Carbon P
129. Soil geomorphic systems (Briske, 2008) throughout the
West have been impacted by similar positive feedback
scenarios, often associated with extirpation of a
keystone species, Castor canadensis, from much of the
region.•
Photo: Phil Myers,
U Michigan, 2003
137. outline
John:
What MCP is
What MCP Did
What MCP found
Jeff:
What it means (so what?); global context; Climate; C-sequestration; Range debate:
can we do it with grazing alone?
Keeling curve, GST; negative and positive feedbacks
Disturbance as system driver and determinate of + and – change
Strategic livestock impacts as system disturbance to increase soil C
What do we manage for and how?
soil C, native biodiversity, pattern and process
John:
What I manage for and how
139. • C/N
• Gas analyzer, burns soil, measures actual CO2;
• Loss by ignition is by weight at constant
moisture; not measuring actual C, measuring
change in weight only.
140. Disturbance, Pattern, Process
• Remember:
General Systems Theory suggests
– We can manage system processes
(photosynthesis, carbon sequestration, etc.)
by managing system patterns. (paddocks,
plant communities; fuel loads, etc.)
–We can manage system patterns by
managing system disturbance (grazing, fire,
mowing, cultivations, etc).
–Disturbances drive system processes
141. • For example, a beaver dam knocks the energy
out of flowing water in a stream. Sediments
settle out, the water level rises, the floodplain
stays moist, moisture-loving vegetation grows,
providing even more energy-dissipating
structure, and habitat becomes more
desirable for beaver.
Castor canadensis
Photo: Phil Myers,
U Michigan, 2003