Railroads
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The document discusses the Transcontinental Railroad that was built in the United States in the 1860s. It summarizes that the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 established the construction of the railroad by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to link Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. Thousands of Irish, Union and Confederate veterans, and Chinese immigrant laborers worked to build the tracks. On May 10, 1869 the two railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah where the final "Golden Spike" was driven, connecting the first transcontinental railroad and revolutionizing travel across North America.
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The document summarizes the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in the 19th century. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 called for the construction of the first transcontinental railroad to unite the country during the Civil War. The Central Pacific railroad company built eastward from California, while the Union Pacific built westward from Nebraska, using Irish immigrants, veterans, and thousands of Chinese laborers. The two lines met at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869, dramatically reducing travel time across the country and ushering in population growth and development in the American West.
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The document summarizes the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in the 19th century. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 called for the construction of the first transcontinental railroad to unite the country during the Civil War. The Central Pacific railroad company built eastward from California, while the Union Pacific built westward from Nebraska, using Irish immigrants, veterans, and thousands of Chinese laborers. The two lines met at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869, dramatically reducing travel time across the country and ushering in population growth and development in the American West.
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The Civil War was fought between 1861-1865 between the Union (Northern) states and the Confederate (Southern) states over the issues of states' rights and slavery. Over 620,000 soldiers died making it the bloodiest war in American history. Key battles included Fort Sumter, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Appomattox Court House where the South surrendered, ending the war. Reconstruction efforts after the war attempted to reunite the country and define citizenship and rights for freed slaves.
Reasons/Results of the Civil War
The document summarizes some of the key political, economic, and social reasons for the outbreak of the Civil War. The North supported a strong central government and the abolition of slavery, while the South believed in states' rights and the right to own slaves. Economically, the North was becoming more industrialized while the South relied on slave labor for its agricultural economy. These deep divisions and fears over the issues of slavery and states' rights ultimately led the South to secede from the Union and the North to refuse, resulting in the Civil War.
Hist 12 online reconstruction pdf
Reconstruction sought to rebuild the South and define the rights of freed slaves after the Civil War. It involved intense debates between President Johnson, who wanted a quick restoration of Southern home rule, and Radical Republicans, who pushed for civil rights protections and black male suffrage. Though the Freedmen's Bureau helped former slaves, the Black Codes and returned plantations undermined freedom. Congressional Reconstruction overrode Johnson's vetoes through amendments establishing citizenship and equal protection under the law.
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Similar to Railroads
Essay On Transcontinental Railroad
The document discusses the history and impacts of the transcontinental railroad in the United States. It describes how the railroad connected the eastern and western parts of the country, facilitating travel, trade, and settlement of the West. The railroad was built between 1863-1869 by the Central Pacific and Union Pacific companies, with much of the Central Pacific portion constructed by Chinese immigrant workers. The completion of the transcontinental railroad transformed the US economy and way of life.
OSL: A history of its impact on the Wood River Valley, Idaho_part01
History of the Oregon Short Line in the Wood River Valley, late 1800s, by John Lundin. Presentation given for the opening of "Railroad Ties," an exhibition at the Sun Valley Museum of History.
Business History Session 3
The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the Union Pacific Railroad from the east to the Central Pacific Railroad from the west. This unprecedented engineering feat joined the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by rail for the first time. While the railroad was built for national defense and to unite the country, it also made a handful of men immensely wealthy, including Leland Stanford, Collis Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker of the Central Pacific, and Thomas Durant of the Union Pacific. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad transformed the United States by enabling rapid population growth in the West, spurring additional rail construction, and symbolizing the vast opportunities available in the newly opened western territories.
5.2 the development of the american railroads
The development of the transcontinental railroad in the United States was driven by the concept of Manifest Destiny and the desire to connect the eastern and western parts of the country. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 granted funding and land subsidies to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to build the line. These companies engaged in a race to complete as much track as possible, employing various workers including ex-soldiers, immigrants, and using new technologies like dynamite. The Last Spike was driven in 1869 in Promontory, Utah connecting the continental United States by rail for the first time. The railroad transformed the country by facilitating transportation and settlement of the West.
EDUC2020_Writing Sample
The Transcontinental Railroad connected the eastern and western United States by rail in the 1860s, overcoming significant challenges. The Central Pacific Railroad worked east from Sacramento, facing difficulties in obtaining supplies and traversing the Sierra Nevada mountains, while recruiting Chinese immigrant laborers. Meanwhile, the Union Pacific worked west from Omaha, encountering Native American resistance. On May 10, 1869 the two lines were joined at Promontory Point, Utah. This breakthrough transportation network spurred western settlement and trade, fueling national economic growth and transforming the United States into a global power.
Presidential Abraham Lincoln signed a bill on July 1, 1862 to author.pdf
Presidential Abraham Lincoln signed a bill on July 1, 1862 to authorize the construction of the
first transcontinental railroad. On May 10, 1869, several years ahead of the timeline, the Pacific
Railroad was completed at a joyous ceremony in Promontory Summit, Utah. Suppose the train
coming from the East, actually called No. 119, came to a flat part of the country and could travel
at a constant speed of 32 miles per hour for many miles.
A) If the train ran for 3.5 hours before altering its speed, how far did the train travel during that
stretch of the transcontinental strip?
B) Show the formula and steps you utilized to arrive at your answer. Include the appropriate
units in each step of your work.
Velocity is the change in position divided by the change in times. Speed is the absolute value of
velocity. Since the train originated from the train station and is traveling away from the train
station, we will say that this train had a positive velocity.
C) For the train to have a negative velocity, it would have to ______.
D) Draw a graph of the velocity function on the grid. Scale the axes and name the vertical axis
as v(t) mph and the horizontal axis as t hours
E) Explain how the graoh of the velocity function can be used to calculate the toal distance the
train traveled in 3.5 hours.
Solution
The Transcontinental Railroad was the result of the U.S. commitment to Manifest
Destiny and its burgeoning industrial might. Long distances and slow transportation hampered
contact between eastern and western commercial centers. Both the United States government and
entrepreneurs sought faster transportation to link the two sections. For a decade after 1850,
Congress studied possible transcontinental routes, but arguments over sectionalism and slavery
blocked all plans. Not until after the South seceded and the Civil War had begun could Congress
pass an effective transcontinental plan, the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862. It called for two
railroad companies to complete the transcontinental line. The railroad would be a \"land-grant
railroad,\" meaning that the government would give each company 6,400 acres of land and up to
$48,000 for every mile of track it built. The money capitalized the project, and the railroads
could use the land to entice settlers to the West, who in turn would need the railroads to haul
freight. But Congress, afraid to fund a project that would never be completed, wrote a caveat into
the act: the railroads had to complete the project by July 1,1876, or they would forfeit the land,
money, and all of the constructed track. The Union Pacific Railroad, a corporation formed for
the venture, would build the eastern half of the line starting in Nebraska. The Central Pacific
Railroad, owned by a group of California entrepreneurs including Collis Huntington and Leland
Stanford, would build the western half. Preliminary work began, even as the nation still fought
the Civil War. Surveyors and engineers had to scout and map workable routes. Af.
Transcontinental railroad
The Transcontinental Railroad was made up of two companies, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad. The Union Pacific started in Nebraska and the Central Pacific started in California, and they met at Promontory Point, Utah. It connected the eastern US to the western US for the first time by rail.
Transcon Rr
The document discusses the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It describes how the Central Pacific Railroad worked to lay track eastward from Sacramento, California, while the Union Pacific Railroad worked to lay track westward from Omaha, Nebraska, with the goal of having the lines meet. Four investors, known as "The Big Four", financed the Central Pacific Railroad - Leland Stanford, Collis Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker. On May 10, 1869, the two lines were joined at Promontory Summit, Utah, uniting the country with a transcontinental railroad.
By Brandon FooThe Race Across America The First Trans.docx
By Brandon Foo
The Race Across America: The First Transcontinental Railroad
Introduction:The transcontinental railroad was an innovated technology by conveniently and efficiently letting people travel across the country. Replacing months of travel to mere weeks, it allowed communication and trade across vast amounts of distances. It employed both Chinese immigrants and Irish workers who helped build the railroad. After it was completed, it united the country together and helped build the way for commerce, people and ideas to travel from the east to the west.
Union Pacific Railroad
Part 1: How it was builtThe Union Pacific Railroad would start at Omaha, Nebraska and go west
Central Pacific RailroadThe Central Pacific Railroad would start at Sacramento, California and go east
Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864It outlined how the railroad was going to be built, the route it was going to take and how it was going to get funded. The path that they would go through followed the established Oregon and California trails, which was used at the time by wagon trains, stagecoach lines and the Pony Express.
Black Powder/Nitroglycerin
Part 2: Technology UsageBlack powder was usually used to blast through the hard rock, but some situations, nitroglycerin had to be used. Nitroglycerin at the time was fairly new as a blasting tool and was very dangerous to transport, so they had to make it on the site.
Telegraph LinesBrought instant communication to people working along the tracks to people across the nationUsed on the day the railroad was completed where telecommunication lines were wrapped around the last spike on the track and whenever the person struck the spike, the sound pulsated across the nation.
Snow sheds
Part 2 ContinuedSnow and avalanches were delaying construction and supervisors had to devise a plan to overcome it. Snow sheds were built by making a shelter over the tracks so the snow would not interfere the construction of the railroad
Bridges/Trestle BridgesTrestle bridges were built when there was a deep gorge that the railroad had to go over and was usually built with timber until it could have been replaced with iron, which is more durable and permeant.
Chinese Immigrants
Part 3: Social ImpactThe Chinese were the backbone of building the tracks for the Central Pacific and compromised nearly 80% of the workforce They worked in eight hour shifts and only stopped when another person had to put in the black powder, where they lit fuse and would then run to a safe distance to avoid the explosion.
Irish Immigrants and Civil War VeteransOn the Union Pacific Railroad, it mostly consisted of Irish immigrants and Civil War Veterans.The Irish workers and veterans constantly got drunk, went to brothels and gambling dens which brought a lot of vices to the towns that the tracks went through.
Mormons
Part 3 ContinuedThe main reason why the Mormons worked on the railroad was because it would go through the Utah territ ...
Westward Expansion
The document discusses the transcontinental railroad in the United States. It describes how the Pony Express and telegraph led to the need for a railroad connecting the east and west coasts. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 provided funding for the Union Pacific Railroad to build west from Omaha, Nebraska and the Central Pacific Railroad to build east from Sacramento, California. Immigrant workers, including many Chinese immigrants, provided much of the labor needed to complete the railroad. The two lines met at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869 where the final spike was driven, uniting the country by rail.
Unit 02 settlement of the west
The document discusses the settlement of the West, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s-1870s. It describes the roles of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads in building east and west, and their use of Irish and Chinese immigrant laborers. On May 10, 1869 the railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah, marking the completion of the first transcontinental railroad.
The great transcontinental migration
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861 and signed the Pacific Railroad Act in 1862, which directed the construction of the first transcontinental railroad across the United States. The railroad was built between 1863 to 1869 by thousands of Irish, Chinese, and black workers and connected the Union Pacific Railroad in Omaha, Nebraska to the Central Pacific Railroad in Sacramento, California. The completion of the railroad in 1869 transformed the United States by enabling mass migration westward and the growth of towns and cities along the rail line, including Cheyenne, Wyoming and San Francisco, California.
Building the Kate Shelley Bridge
The Kate Shelley Bridge was constructed between 1899-1901 by the Chicago and North Western Railway to replace an existing railroad bridge across the Des Moines River in Boone County, Iowa. When completed, it was the longest, tallest double track railroad bridge in the world at over 3,000 feet long and 185 feet tall. The bridge's construction required over 200,000 cubic yards of fill material and the fabrication and assembly of thousands of pieces of steel. It became an iconic landmark and was formally named after Kate Shelley, whose warning in 1881 prevented a train disaster and saved many lives.
Expanding America
The document discusses the early development of roads and transportation infrastructure in the United States from the colonial period through the early 20th century. It notes that early roads often followed Native American trails and that the need for reliable roads became evident during the French and Indian War. It describes how turnpikes, plank roads, and techniques like macadamization improved roads but that most travel was still by horse until the late 19th century. It also discusses the role of groups like bicyclists and farmers in advocating for better roads through organizations and publications that promoted good roads.
Shortened railroad lesson
The document provides instructions for an activity to celebrate the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Students are assigned to represent different groups involved in the railroad's construction and share information about important figures. They are asked to plan a ceremony including key details like important contributors, activities, location, and reasons for celebrating the railroad's completion. The passage also includes background information on the final joining of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific rails.
Erie Canal
1) The document provides a history of the Erie Canal, from its origins in 1807 to its modernization in the early 20th century.
2) It describes the key people involved in proposing and building the canal, such as Jesse Hawley, Joshua Forman, DeWitt Clinton, and the engineers Benjamin Wright and James Geddes.
3) The canal opened in 1825 and symbolically united the Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes, sparking development across New York and the Midwest by providing a cheap transportation route.
Transcontinental rr
The document summarizes the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It details how the Central Pacific Railroad relied heavily on Chinese immigrant labor, employing around 90% of their workforce from China. The workers faced extreme dangers and harsh conditions but were able to complete tremendous feats of engineering to help connect the country by rail. However, at celebrations of the railroad's completion the significant contributions of the Chinese workers were excluded and ignored.
Transcontinental rr
The document summarizes the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It details how the Central Pacific Railroad relied heavily on Chinese immigrant labor, employing around 90% of their workforce from China. The workers faced extreme dangers and hardships in building the railroad through the Sierra Nevada mountains, often using innovative construction methods. On May 10, 1869, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah, completing the first transcontinental railroad and linking the eastern and western United States by rail. However, the significant contributions of Chinese workers were often excluded from official celebrations and histories of the railroad's construction.
California: An Overview
This document provides an overview of California's history and development from the 19th century onwards. It discusses how California nurtured a culture of individualism and creativity. Northern California became a major wheat producer, while Southern California specialized in citrus and other crops due to its climate and infrastructure like refrigerated rail cars. Massive water projects in the late 19th century like aqueducts and reservoirs allowed California to support large cities and a growing population. In the 20th century, California built major infrastructure and also contributed significantly to fields like aviation, atomic research, biotechnology, computing and the internet.
IG Route 66 Special Issue, vol. 1 - MRTraska, pt. 1
The document summarizes the origins and establishment of Route 66. It discusses three key reasons for Route 66's creation: 1) To connect Chicago, a major transportation hub, to the west coast, specifically Los Angeles which was growing rapidly. 2) To provide a reliable year-round road connecting these two cities for automobiles and trucks. 3) Due to the efforts of Cyrus Avery and others who successfully lobbied for and established Route 66 through the Joint Board of Interstate Highways. It provides historical context on the limitations of prior auto trail systems and the need for a unified national highway system.
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Presidential Abraham Lincoln signed a bill on July 1, 1862 to author.pdf
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By Brandon FooThe Race Across America The First Trans.docx
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IG Route 66 Special Issue, vol. 1 - MRTraska, pt. 1
IG Route 66 Special Issue, vol. 1 - MRTraska, pt. 1
More from Matt Beat
United States
The document outlines key events in the history of the United States between 1815-1914, including the Mexican War, the American Civil War, emancipation of slavery, expansion of continental railroads, the Spanish-American War, and the beginning of the Panama Canal project. It notes that Britain was initially the US's biggest enemy after the War of 1812 but later became its main ally, and that the US government was a republic that gained international power through territorial expansion, such as taking land from Mexico.
Mexico
Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 led by Miguel Hidalgo. However, Mexico then lost large amounts of territory to the United States in the Mexican-American War from 1846-1848. Mexico also struggled with internal conflicts and was invaded by France from 1862-1867. Mexico was led by many leaders seeking to gain independence and stabilize the country during this turbulent period.
China
China faced internal rebellions and external threats during 1815-1914. Japan sought to invade China and neighboring countries while Britain continued trading opium despite China's objections. China was ruled by an autocratic emperor and experienced corruption and declining power due to internal conflicts. Some influential leaders included Hong Xiuquan who led the Taiping Rebellion against corruption, Dowager Empress Cixi who ruled from 1861-1908 fighting corruption, and Sun Yat-Sen who led the 1911 revolution establishing the Republic of China.
Russia
Russia had several enemies and allies throughout 1815-1914. Its main enemies were the Ottoman Empire, Japan, and Germany. Its key allies were France and Britain. Russia was a monarchy led by influential leaders like Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, and Alexander III. Over this period, Russia gained and lost power and territory through wars and diplomatic agreements.
Unites States
This document provides a summary of key events and developments in United States history between 1836 and 1898. It notes that the Civil War began in 1861 over slavery and economic differences, the Emancipation Proclamation freed over 3 million slaves in 1863, and the war ended in 1865 with Lincoln's assassination. Britain, Mexico, and Germany were considered the greatest enemies during this period, while France was the greatest ally. Abraham Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt were identified as the most influential leaders.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom's biggest enemies during 1815-1914 were Germany and the United States, while its biggest allies were Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK was led by Queen Victoria and King George IV and had a monarchy form of government. Key events included King George's death in 1830, slavery being abolished in 1833, and Queen Victoria becoming queen in 1837 after the death of her uncle King George IV, reigning until her death in 1901.
France
France had an inconsistent relationship with Great Britain until the 19th century when they aided each other during World War 2. Two influential French leaders were Aristide Briand, who sought to eliminate war internationally, and Charles de Gaulle, a skilled military leader who eventually became president. France's government alternated between republican and imperial rule throughout this time period and experienced both losses and gains of power.
Mexico
Mexico struggled with foreign invaders like France and land grabs from the United States, relying primarily on their own strength. Key leaders included Santa Ana during the Mexican-American War, Benito Juarez who started a revolution, Venustiano Carzana who established a new constitution, and Alvaro Obergon who followed the new constitution, though Mexico lost power and influence after facing challenges from abroad.
China
This document outlines several major events and developments in China between 1840-1912:
1) The 1840 Opium War marked the beginning of Western incursions into China followed by the 1850 Taiping Rebellion, a civil war between the Qing dynasty and Christian groups.
2) In the 1860s, China pursued a policy of self-strengthening to modernize its military and industries but faced limitations.
3) China suffered a major defeat against Japan in the 1894 Sino-Japanese War, demonstrating the weakness of the Chinese empire.
4) The 1898 Hundred Days' Reform attempted to restructure China but failed after a defeat in the 1900 Boxer Rebellion against foreign powers.
Italy
Between 1815-1914, Italy struggled for independence and unification. Several small revolutions broke out in 1819 and 1830 as some cities declared themselves republics. Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy in 1830 to promote Italian unification. By 1848, Austria was on the verge of total control over Italy, so Italians sought help from allies. In 1860, most of Italy was unified and in 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was crowned as the first king of a largely unified Italy. However, it was not until 1910 that Italy defeated the Ottoman Empire and achieved full independence.
Mexico
Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who later became president. In the 1840s, Mexico lost territory in the Mexican-American War and faced internal conflicts between liberals and conservatives. From 1862-1867, France invaded and established the Second Mexican Empire. Porfiro Diaz eventually took control of Mexico in 1876, dominating the country for decades as conservatives and liberals struggled for power.
Italy
During this period from 1815 to 1914, Italy was led by the influential prime minister Camillo Di Cavour, who helped unify the country through skillful diplomacy and key alliances like France. Under Cavour and with French aid, Italy gained power by taking northern Italian territories from Austria like Venice. Some important events included Cavour becoming prime minister in 1852, France driving Austrian forces from northern Italy in 1858, and Italy continuing to expand northward in the 1860s to include Venetia and Venice.
Germany
Germany gained power between 1815-1914 through several key events: Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in 1815; Otto Von Bismarck was appointed Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862 and helped start the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 that led to Germany capturing Paris in 1871; Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were assassinated in 1914, an event that helped spark World War I.
Russia
Russia had few allies like Prussia and Serbia but many enemies in the late 1800s including France, Great Britain, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire who formed an alliance against Russia's growing power and influence. Alexander III was the most influential leader during this period, establishing Russia as an absolute monarchy where he pushed the country towards nationalism and reform. Key events included Russia believing reform was needed in the 1820s, losing a war against its enemies in 1856, and Alexander III taking power after Alexander II's assassination in 1881 while promoting Russian nationalism.
Italy
Italy's borders began breaking down in 1835 and nationalist movements grew seeking unification. By 1866, Italian forces took control of Vatican City and Napoleon helped remove some populations from cities. Over time, Italy lost power as Napoleon lost wars, deepening debt and lives, but gained power under Mussolini and his Black Shirt movement after invading Rome and restoring order at the invitation of King Victor Emmanuel II.
France
France has a long history that includes wars with India, alliances with Prussia, and the famous Joan of Arc. It transitioned from a monarchy to periods of rule by the Bourbon and Orleans families, experiencing a revolution in 1830. Significant developments include the invention of the practical camera in 1839, the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, and the building of the Eiffel Tower in 1889.
Mexico
Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna became president in 1833 and led Mexico during the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848, when Mexico lost territory to the U.S. Napoleon III of France sent large armies to Mexico from 1862 to 1867. Porfirio Diaz took control of Mexico in 1876 by ousting the president and remained a powerful leader until 1911.
Russia
This document summarizes important events and developments in Russia between 1815 and 1914. It discusses the end of serfdom in 1861 and assassination of Alexander II in 1881. It also outlines Russia's enemies like the UK and Japan, and allies like the UK against Napoleon. The most influential leaders were Alexander III, who encouraged industrial expansion, and Alexander II, the longest ruler. Russia's government was an autocracy led by the Czar, and its power expanded through industrialization and construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.
Germany
Germany had allies of Austria-Hungary and Italy but they were weak, leaving Germany with the most power. Tensions escalated after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leading Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and starting a chain reaction that drew other European countries into World War I.
Japan
Japan faced enemies in China and Russia when they broke treaties regarding Korea, and later Korea sought vengeance after Japan's defeat of Russia. Japan had no allies as it was a brutal nation that conquered all around it. The successful Meiji Emperor Mutsuhito led Japan through conquests of China and Korea. During this period of rapid modernization and industrialization, Japan established railroads, ports, a strong military, and defeated Russia in war, gaining territory and trade influence.
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