Transcontential railroad
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The document discusses the construction of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It summarizes the various proposals over the decades to build such a railroad, the debate over potential routes, the Pacific Railroad Acts that incentivized and funded the construction by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads, the main immigrant worker groups of Irish and Chinese who built it, and the impacts on trade, travel, Native Americans, and the connectedness of the country. Completion in 1869 united the eastern and western United States by rail and transformed the nation.
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18.1 Miners, Ranchers and Railroads
As more people moved west, mining, ranching, and railroads began transforming the West in the late 1800s. Mining booms like the 1859 Comstock Lode discovery in Nevada led to new towns springing up overnight. Cattle ranching also became popular, though it ended with the introduction of barbed wire fencing. Growing populations in the West increased the need for better communication and transportation, leading to the development of the Pony Express and telegraph systems. The Transcontinental Railroad was ultimately built between 1866-1869 to connect the eastern and western United States, spurring further economic growth.
5.2 the development of the american railroads
The development of the transcontinental railroad in the United States was driven by the concept of Manifest Destiny and the desire to connect the eastern and western parts of the country. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 granted funding and land subsidies to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to build the line. These companies engaged in a race to complete as much track as possible, employing various workers including ex-soldiers, immigrants, and using new technologies like dynamite. The Last Spike was driven in 1869 in Promontory, Utah connecting the continental United States by rail for the first time. The railroad transformed the country by facilitating transportation and settlement of the West.
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The document discusses the Transcontinental Railroad that was built in the United States in the 1860s. It summarizes that the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 established the construction of the railroad by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to link Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. Thousands of Irish, Union and Confederate veterans, and Chinese immigrant laborers worked to build the tracks. On May 10, 1869 the two railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah where the final "Golden Spike" was driven, connecting the first transcontinental railroad and revolutionizing travel across North America.
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The document discusses how technological advancements like the cotton gin, railroads, and telegraphs impacted the American economy and culture in the 1800s. It led to expanded markets, specialization in agriculture, and a market revolution as people began buying and selling goods rather than producing them themselves. These changes accelerated economic growth and depended on private investment and entrepreneurship in a growing capitalist system.
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Cowboys drove cattle from ranches to railroads, allowing for the transport of cattle though they faced many hardships and rarely fought Indians as depicted in Hollywood. The transcontinental railroad revolutionized travel and further enabled the expansion of the West. Homesteaders moved west under the Homestead Act to receive free land and help populate the region. Women in the West pushed for suffrage, with Wyoming becoming the first state to grant women the right to vote. The Populist Party advocated for farmers' and homesteaders' rights, also fueling expansion. Gold rushes attracted many prospectors hoping to strike it rich, though few succeeded financially. Today the
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2) The invention of barbed wire in 1874 allowed for fencing of the Great Plains, ending open grazing by cattle and the era of cattle drives.
3) The building of transcontinental railroads under the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and Land Grant System made travel to and settlement in the West much easier, further encouraging migration.
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The document discusses three key factors that opened up the American West to migration in the late 19th century: the end of the Indian Wars in 1885, which eliminated a threat to settlers' safety; the invention of barbed wire in 1874, which allowed for fencing of open land and the end of cattle drives; and the expansion of the railroad network throughout the West in the late 1860s and 1870s, which made traveling and transporting goods much easier. These factors helped spark a mass migration to the West and rapid population growth in states like California in the late 1800s.
Development of west
The document discusses three key factors that opened up the American West to migration in the late 19th century: 1) The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 marked by Geronimo's surrender, removing the threat to settlers' safety; 2) The invention of barbed wire in 1874, which allowed for fencing of the Great Plains and ended the era of open cattle drives; 3) The expansion of the railroad network throughout the West in the late 1800s, which provided access to land and resources and encouraged further settlement.
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I've been workin' on the railroad: Family history gems in transport records
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The document discusses the settlement of the West, including the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s-1870s. It describes the roles of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads in building east and west, and their use of Irish and Chinese immigrant laborers. On May 10, 1869 the railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah, marking the completion of the first transcontinental railroad.
EDUC2020_Writing Sample
The Transcontinental Railroad connected the eastern and western United States by rail in the 1860s, overcoming significant challenges. The Central Pacific Railroad worked east from Sacramento, facing difficulties in obtaining supplies and traversing the Sierra Nevada mountains, while recruiting Chinese immigrant laborers. Meanwhile, the Union Pacific worked west from Omaha, encountering Native American resistance. On May 10, 1869 the two lines were joined at Promontory Point, Utah. This breakthrough transportation network spurred western settlement and trade, fueling national economic growth and transforming the United States into a global power.
The American West Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskeyWest.docx
The American West
Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskey
Westward Expansion
From the inception of the United States, the western frontier had been imbued with freedom and opportunity in the American mind as well as in the minds of many Europeans. The western frontier seemed to offer what the east coast and Western Europe did not by the mid-1800s: Land. Historically speaking, land signified empowerment. Land represented independence and opportunity, namely the possibility of becoming a truly “free man” through self-management, self-sufficiency, and claiming and benefitting fully from the product of one’s own labor.
Land figured prominently into the high ideals with which the American Revolution and Early Republic were imbued. For, to be a republic- for, by, and of the people, the United States would need to be a nation of truly free people. The United States seemed to have land enough to make this possible.
Empire of Liberty:
Inspired by republican notions of freedom, Thomas Jefferson had looked west and envisioned an “Empire of Liberty,” comprised of independent, self-sufficient, and self-managing small farmers.
Jefferson perceived agriculture as not just conducive to freedom but also uniquely virtuous. By contrast, he viewed the owning, investing, and banking class as corrupt and waged laborers as degraded, dependent and unfree.
Jefferson believed that by securing the western lands, the United States could better secure itself as a free republic and avoid the fate of industrial Britain: Armies of unfree wage-workers, “dark, satanic mills,” and urban slums.
Introduction
Inspired by republican notions of freedom and pushed by members of the working-class struggle and their abolitionist allies, the radical Republican Party of Lincoln passed the Homestead Act even as the Civil War entered its second year on the East Coast.
Homestead Act (1862)
Offered at least 160 acres of free western land to those who filed a claim, lived on the land for at least 5 years, and made improvements.
Open to anyone who had not taken up arms for the Confederacy, including women, blacks, and immigrants who had applied for citizenship
Goal: Rooted in republican notions of freedom, it intended to provide laboring people with land and, by extension, an opportunity to work their way into a condition of real freedom. It would be comparable to Washington DC, today, giving citizens the capital and resources needed to start a small business.
After being stalled by the southern states for years, the Pacific Railway Act also became passed by the Republicans as the war grinded on between the states in the east.
Pacific Railway Act: (1862)
The US government allocated unprecedent funds, grants, bonds and free land for the purpose of contracting with private capitalists to build a Transcontinental Railroad.
Westward Expansion
Transcontinental Railroad
Constructed between 1863-1869
Eastward construction began near San Francisco under the Central P.
Westward Expansion
This document provides an overview of lessons from a 2014-2015 curriculum at Bryson Elementary School about westward expansion. Lesson 1 discusses how the natural environment affected travel to the West. Lesson 2 examines how railroads influenced western development. Lesson 3 explores the lives of different groups that lived in the West, including homesteaders on the Great Plains who faced challenges in harsh conditions. Lesson 4 considers how westward expansion impacted Native Americans.
Reconstruction and Expansion
During Reconstruction after the Civil War, there was debate around how to treat the defeated South. Radical Republicans favored harsh policies like slow readmission to the Union and maintaining troops in the South. President Andrew Johnson wanted more lenient treatment like what Lincoln supported, with generosity towards the South. However, Johnson's dismissal of Congress led to impeachment proceedings. By 1877, Northern troops withdrew from the South and local governments regained control, enacting segregationist laws.
Westward expansion was spurred by mining for gold and silver, cattle ranching on the open range, and farming enabled by the Homestead Act. The Transcontinental Railroad, completed in 1869, connected the country and facilitated westward migration and transport of goods using
Connecting the east and west
The document summarizes the Yukon gold rush in Canada in 1896-1898, which attracted thousands of prospectors after gold was discovered. It also discusses the Chisholm Trail in the US between 1867-1871, where over 1.5 million cattle were driven north to supply demand until railroads made cattle drives obsolete. Finally, it outlines the congressional approval and construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the US from 1862-1869 to connect the east and west coasts using immigrant and African American workers, and its completion at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869.
The Railroad
The document summarizes the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in the 19th century. The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 called for the construction of the first transcontinental railroad to unite the country during the Civil War. The Central Pacific railroad company built eastward from California, while the Union Pacific built westward from Nebraska, using Irish immigrants, veterans, and thousands of Chinese laborers. The two lines met at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869, dramatically reducing travel time across the country and ushering in population growth and development in the American West.
Westward expansion
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
~Chapter 3 crossing the continent
The document summarizes the development of transportation and settlement in the American West between the mid-1800s to late 1800s. It describes how the Transcontinental Railroad was built to connect the East and West Coasts, encouraging widespread migration to the region. It also discusses the expansion of farming, ranching, mining and cities throughout the West, and the conflicts that arose with Native Americans over land.
6.3 Western Growth [vocabulary cards]
The document summarizes the settlement of the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the Transcontinental Railroad was built between 1865-1869 to link the eastern and western United States, making travel west quicker. The railroad stimulated western expansion by enabling settlers, farmers, and ranchers to access eastern markets. It also discusses how settlers moved west for reasons like seeking land, gold, and religion. Life for early settlers and railroad workers was difficult with dangers from weather, injuries, and lack of resources. The document also summarizes the importance of the buffalo to Plains Indians and how their decline impacted Native American cultures and livelihoods.
Westward expansion after the civil war
Westward expansion transformed America after the Civil War through mining, railroads, cattle ranching, and homesteading. The transcontinental railroad connected the country, while mining for gold and other metals led to boomtowns. Cattle drives and cowboys supported the beef industry. The Homestead Act encouraged settlement of the Great Plains, though conflicts arose with Native Americans over land. Native Americans faced difficulties on reservations and conflicts like the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee massacre.
Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
1) Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry in the late 19th century through his company Carnegie Steel. Use of the Bessemer process allowed him to produce steel much cheaper, making it more widely used in infrastructure like railroads and skyscrapers.
2) Railroads expanded greatly due to steel, facilitating westward expansion and economic growth by connecting farms and industries across long distances. They relied on steel produced cheaply by Carnegie.
3) Chinese and Irish immigrants faced difficult and dangerous conditions building the transcontinental railroad but were essential to its completion in 1869, connecting the country by rail coast to coast.
The Western Frontier
The document summarizes the changes on the Western frontier in the late 19th century. It describes the clash between Native American tribes and settlers as more people moved west, disrupting tribal lands and the buffalo population. It also discusses the hardships of settling the Great Plains and the rise of ranching and farming, including the economic difficulties farmers faced that led to the Populist movement seeking political reforms to aid agricultural interests.
Chapter 2
The document summarizes Western expansion in the mid-19th century United States. It discusses key events like the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory, and Mexican Cession that expanded U.S. territory westward. It also describes cultural clashes as European, Mexican, African American, Chinese, and Native American groups interacted in the expanding West. Ranching, farming, mining, and the transcontinental railroad transformed the economy and society of the Western territories during this period of rapid growth and conflict. Farmers organized cooperatives and the Populist movement in response to economic difficulties in the late 1800s.
c. 1850-1900Prior to the discovery of gold, much of
c. 1850-1900
Prior to the discovery of gold, much of the West was considered a wasteland & much was part of North MexicoDuring the last decades of the 1800s, the U.S. was segmented into 1) an industrialized society and 2) a frontierThe 1890 census was the first to record that the frontier had been settledAdditionally, by 1890 the US surpassed Great Britain in iron and steel productionSettlement in the West was powered by industry
Mexico was under Spanish domination until 1821.
*
By the 1860s, agricultural settlement reached the western margins of the tall grass prairies
Ecology-60 million years ago, the Rocky Mountains rose out of the sea and covered western North AmericaWith no outlet, the shallow inland sea dried upA hard pan was leftSediment washed down from the mountains over time to form a loose, featureless surface
Ecology-The climate suffered from cycles of drought because moist winds from the Pacific ocean delivered rain on the western slope of the Sierras Only drought-resistant grasses and plants could survive in this climateThe ecosystem could support certain plants and animals, but had not nurtured very much human settlement
About 100,000 Native American groups lived on the plains in 1850They were very diverseThey have been categorized across six linguistic families and 30 “tribal” groupsMandan, Arikara, Pawnee
~lived in permanent villages
~planted corn & beans
~however, smallpox & measles ravaged settled groups
Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, Cheyenne, “Blackfeet,” “Crow,” & SiouxWere dispersed in hunting groupsFirst arrived on the plains in the 1600sHunted buffaloMoved from lake country in northern Minnesota when fish and game dwindled
Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, Cheyenne, “Blackfeet,” “Crow,” & SiouxBecame nomadicLived in portable skin teepeesAcquired horses from southwestern groupsCame to claim the entire Great Plains North of the Arkansas RiverDrove out or subjugated longer-settled groups
One notable group of Plains Native American Indians were the Lakota SiouxThey had strict gender rolesWomen were more subordinate than in other groupsSaw God as a series of powers pervading the universeThe Sun Dance was one form of religious worship for them
Image of Sun Dance from http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rs/2/lectures/lakota/sundance.detail.jpg.
*
The Lakota Sioux were not a self-contained group of peopleThey traded with others, including whitesPelts and buffalo robes were traded for kettles, knives, blankets, & guns, which the Lakota came to rely upon
Again, prior to the 1840s gold rush, land in the west was seen as only worthy of Native American Indian settlement and useIn 1834, congress formally designated the Great Plains as permanent Indian countryThe army constructed border forts from Lake Superior to Fort Worth TexasThey were made of stone because they would be in place “forever”“Mainstream” Americans would theoretically trade with the Native Americans, but not settle the west
What changed these per ...
By Brandon FooThe Race Across America The First Trans.docx
By Brandon Foo
The Race Across America: The First Transcontinental Railroad
Introduction:The transcontinental railroad was an innovated technology by conveniently and efficiently letting people travel across the country. Replacing months of travel to mere weeks, it allowed communication and trade across vast amounts of distances. It employed both Chinese immigrants and Irish workers who helped build the railroad. After it was completed, it united the country together and helped build the way for commerce, people and ideas to travel from the east to the west.
Union Pacific Railroad
Part 1: How it was builtThe Union Pacific Railroad would start at Omaha, Nebraska and go west
Central Pacific RailroadThe Central Pacific Railroad would start at Sacramento, California and go east
Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864It outlined how the railroad was going to be built, the route it was going to take and how it was going to get funded. The path that they would go through followed the established Oregon and California trails, which was used at the time by wagon trains, stagecoach lines and the Pony Express.
Black Powder/Nitroglycerin
Part 2: Technology UsageBlack powder was usually used to blast through the hard rock, but some situations, nitroglycerin had to be used. Nitroglycerin at the time was fairly new as a blasting tool and was very dangerous to transport, so they had to make it on the site.
Telegraph LinesBrought instant communication to people working along the tracks to people across the nationUsed on the day the railroad was completed where telecommunication lines were wrapped around the last spike on the track and whenever the person struck the spike, the sound pulsated across the nation.
Snow sheds
Part 2 ContinuedSnow and avalanches were delaying construction and supervisors had to devise a plan to overcome it. Snow sheds were built by making a shelter over the tracks so the snow would not interfere the construction of the railroad
Bridges/Trestle BridgesTrestle bridges were built when there was a deep gorge that the railroad had to go over and was usually built with timber until it could have been replaced with iron, which is more durable and permeant.
Chinese Immigrants
Part 3: Social ImpactThe Chinese were the backbone of building the tracks for the Central Pacific and compromised nearly 80% of the workforce They worked in eight hour shifts and only stopped when another person had to put in the black powder, where they lit fuse and would then run to a safe distance to avoid the explosion.
Irish Immigrants and Civil War VeteransOn the Union Pacific Railroad, it mostly consisted of Irish immigrants and Civil War Veterans.The Irish workers and veterans constantly got drunk, went to brothels and gambling dens which brought a lot of vices to the towns that the tracks went through.
Mormons
Part 3 ContinuedThe main reason why the Mormons worked on the railroad was because it would go through the Utah territ ...
Similar to Transcontential railroad (20)
The American West Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskeyWest.docx
The American West Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskeyWest.docx
Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
c. 1850-1900Prior to the discovery of gold, much of
c. 1850-1900Prior to the discovery of gold, much of
By Brandon FooThe Race Across America The First Trans.docx
By Brandon FooThe Race Across America The First Trans.docx
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Catalytic Converter theft prevention - NYC.pptx
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
car rentals in nassau bahamas | atv rental nassau bahamas
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一比一原版(UMich毕业证)密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证如何办理
UMich毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】（密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证成绩单本科学历）Q微信95270640(补办UMich学位文凭证书)密歇根大学|安娜堡分校留信网学历认证怎么办理密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证成绩单精仿本科学位证书硕士文凭证书认证Seneca College diplomaoffer,Transcript办理硕士学位证书造假密歇根大学|安娜堡分校假文凭学位证书制作UMich本科毕业证书硕士学位证书精仿密歇根大学|安娜堡分校学历认证成绩单修改制作，办理真实认证、留信认证、使馆公证、购买成绩单，购买假文凭，购买假学位证，制造假国外大学文凭、毕业公证、毕业证明书、录取通知书、Offer、在读证明、雅思托福成绩单、假文凭、假毕业证、请假条、国际驾照、网上存档可查！
文凭办理流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：微信95270640我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
7完成交易删除客户资料
高精端提供以下服务：
一：密歇根大学|安娜堡分校密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证假文凭全套材料从防伪到印刷水印底纹到钢印烫金
二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
四：留信认证留学生信息网站可查
五：与学校颁发的相关证件1:1纸质尺寸制定（定期向各大院校毕业生购买最新版本毕,业证成绩单保证您拿到的是鲁昂大学内部最新版本毕业证成绩单微信95270640）
A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。他们熟识起来还成了无话不谈的好朋友可惜快乐的时光总是太短太匆忙有一次当他们在楼下捉迷藏时一根长竹竿居然穿越安全网从高空砸下不偏不倚重重地砸在小伙伴阿新稚嫩的肩上父亲再也不让山娃上工地玩了有一天因为过于思念小伙伴山娃还偷偷地跑到工地上去找去唤无奈小伙伴们全不知去向当山娃折好只纸鹤让父亲转交阿新时父亲哽咽了摆摆手说阿新早回老家疗伤去了当山娃追问缘何不留在城里疗伤时父亲沉默了好久才幽幽地说城里开支大没不
原版制作(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版定做(mmu学位证书)英国曼彻斯特城市大学毕业证本科文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(mmu学位证书)英国曼彻斯特城市大学毕业证本科文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
How driver behavior monitoring helps fleet managers?
Real-time driver monitoring is one of the easiest ways to make fleet management efficient as well as seamless. Connected vehicle solutions such as fleet GPS trackers and associated software help businesses in several ways. Refer to the post below for more details.
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa Warheit
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
美洲杯押注靠谱的软件-美洲杯押注靠谱的软件推荐-美洲杯押注靠谱的软件|【网址🎉ac123.net🎉】
美洲杯押注靠谱的软件成立于1934年，隶属于美洲杯押注靠谱的软件酒店管理集团，有着八十多年的历史，有“博彩公司代言人”的美誉，是全球最具影响的博彩公司之一。美洲杯押注靠谱的软件在英国经营着1500多家投注站，全球客户达30万之众，是全球最大的电话投注服务公司。美洲杯押注靠谱的软件除了直接接收玩家的投注外，还接受其他博彩公司的风险转注，起着博彩业“保险公司”的作用。有玩过线上博彩平台的玩家们，一定对美洲杯押注靠谱的软件绝不陌生。
欧洲杯竞猜-欧洲杯竞猜下注平台-欧洲杯竞猜投注平台|【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】欧洲杯竞猜是一家创立于1998年的在线的体育博彩公司。欧洲杯竞猜由库拉索岛政府授权，可以从事体育博彩相关活动。成立初期，欧洲杯竞猜专注于快速发展的国内市场，现在它为全世界的玩家和职业玩家提供投注服务。毫无疑问，欧洲杯竞猜是欧洲乃至全球最受欢迎的知名在线体育博彩公司。玩家的积极反馈、存款和提款的安全性都充分证明了该公司的可靠性。欧洲杯竞猜 Sports公司 以其良好的服务而得到了客户的认可。该公司在2004年获得了最高水平服务奖、2006年最佳博彩公司奖（EOG.com）、最佳博彩运营商前5名（The Online Wire）和著名门户网站“Gambling”颁发的最佳优惠和奖金奖项，这是对这家博彩公司的最为中肯的评价。
一比一原版皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证(RMIT毕业证书)学历如何办理
学校原版办理【微信号:176555708】【学校原版办理(RMIT毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Kenwood DDX71/491/471/371/3108/30718/271/2071 User Manual
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Transcontential railroad
- 2. Transportation Before the Railroad Wagon Trails Ships
- 3. Early Talk of It Pacific Railroad proposed to grant lands, subsidies, and even as much as 90 million dollars towards the construction of this railroad had been periodically introduced in Congress since the early 1840's Gold Rush of 1849 Discovery of gold in California led to a large amount of people to move to the West By 1850, only 57% of the population livened east of the Alleghenies and on he Atlantic Seaboard Due to this there was a need for Congress to start construction
- 4. Different Routes Northern Route Southern Route Trade to the Trade from the agricultural manufacturing North South Did not want slavery to Jefferson Davis become an active A southern route would be practice in the New West cost-effective, but had vested Southern interests After the Southern Congressmen left Congress, because of the southern states seceding 1861, the Congressmen left voted for a Northern Route.
- 5. Companies Union Pafcific Central Pacific December 2nd, 1863 January 8th, 1863 Omaha, Nebraska Sacramento, California Ex- Chinese immigrants soldiers, Mormons, and Irish immigrants
- 6. Pacific Railroad Acts Each railroad company, after completion of an initial 40 mi of track, was to be granted 6,400 acres of public lands and a loan of from $16,000 to $48,000 for each mile of track laid. In 1864, Congress doubled the land grant, considerably eased the terms of government loans, and allowed the two railroad companies to borrow private capital
- 7. The workers were mainly made up of Irish and Chinese Immigrants
- 8. Union Pacific Workers Irish Immigrants Potato Famine of 1845 brought immigrants over Railroad offered several jobs to unskilled immigrants The railroad workers, labored under extremely dangerous conditions, and for as little as a dollar per day. Hundreds died on the job from avalanches, heat, accidents, and Native American attacks. They were not glorified for all of their scarifies that they made to make this dream a reality In this time frame, the Irish were seen as a step above African Americas and a step below other white citizens and immigrants.
- 9. Central Pacific Workers Chinese Immigrants Overpopulation and proverty in China led to an influx of Chinese immigants to the West Coast People in charge of the constuction of the railroad, had adverstising sent over to China to draw immigrants to America to work on the railroad Thousands of men signed prepaid labor contracts that included free transoceanic passage to the West Coast of the United States When the foreman was forced to hire some Chinese workers he was very surpirsed to see that they had an amazing work effort Animosity towards the Chinese culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, although they were one of the main factors the Transconitental Railroad was completed
- 10. Effects on Native Americans Migration to the west, the Native American way of live was already compromised. Their culture became more decimated with the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad The workers had to kill off whole herds of buffalo to guarantee the route that was decided on Buffalo hunters worked for railroad companies, changing the lives and cultures of Native Americans forever. Native Americans started to attack the workers because they were fed up with the mistreatment of their people
- 11. Race to Promontory Point, Utah Reward April 30 Central Pacific The railroads would Reaches Promontory get loans and the Point land for all the track they built May 10 Central Pacific Drove last spike into railroad, finally joining 690 track-mile from the East and West Sacramento Union Pacific Travel Time Reduced 6 Months to 6 Days 1,086 from Omaha
- 12. Driving of the Last Golden Spike
- 13. Impact on the World Now people could travel from one side of the country in about a weeks time Thee culture and way of life for the Native Americans also changed “It was an irrevocable marker of encroaching white society, that unstoppable force which would force Indians onto reservations within decades.” The amount and rate of trade skyrocketed after the completion of the railroad The ability to ship across country made it easier for people all over the country to experience the same thing as their counterparts in other parts in the country The amount and rate of trade skyrocketed after the completetion of the railroad.
- 14. Significance Today In 1971, Congress created Amtrak, a federally subsidized corporation to take over most long-distance passenger rail. Showed the world the importance of quick trade and the importance of innovated ways to ship goods
- 15. Transcontiental Railroad The Good The Bad Quick travel Mistreatment of Importance of new ways Immigrants to trade Discrimination of Connected the country Immigrants The World grew smaller Destruction of the Other countries had to Native American way of compete with America, life because of trade