2008 annual report for Phoenix Coal (TSX: PHC), a company engaged in the exploration, production, acquisition and sale of coal from the Illinois Basin. The current mining operations and near-term development projects of the Company are located
in Western Kentucky, an area that comprises a part of the Illinois Basin.
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil FuelsFMA Summits
Oil industry have developed technologies for benefiting from CO2 injection Enhanced oil Recovery (EOR). Drilling CO2 producers and injectors, transportation and compression of CO2 for injection into oil reservoirs, and separation of CO2 from the produced gas streams. These technologies are needed to separate CO2 from flue gas of fossil-powered power stations and disposal in saline aquifers. Then electrification of our cars, homes, offices and factories, where possible, would allow for a balanced energy mix with a low carbon foot print for the nation. A survey of other related technologies and pilot projects are also offered.
2008 annual report for Phoenix Coal (TSX: PHC), a company engaged in the exploration, production, acquisition and sale of coal from the Illinois Basin. The current mining operations and near-term development projects of the Company are located
in Western Kentucky, an area that comprises a part of the Illinois Basin.
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil FuelsFMA Summits
Oil industry have developed technologies for benefiting from CO2 injection Enhanced oil Recovery (EOR). Drilling CO2 producers and injectors, transportation and compression of CO2 for injection into oil reservoirs, and separation of CO2 from the produced gas streams. These technologies are needed to separate CO2 from flue gas of fossil-powered power stations and disposal in saline aquifers. Then electrification of our cars, homes, offices and factories, where possible, would allow for a balanced energy mix with a low carbon foot print for the nation. A survey of other related technologies and pilot projects are also offered.
Tom Kaiserski, Program Manager, Energy Promotion and Development Division, Montana
Department of Commerce
Northern Task Force Meeting on April 2, 2012, Billings, MT
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan - Dr S. Julio FriedmannGlobal CCS Institute
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan
Global CCS Institute, delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Third Americas Forum
Feb. 27th, 2014, Washington, DC
David Freed (8 Rivers Capital), ELEEP Virtual Discussion on NET PowerELEEP Network
This presentation was given during an ELEEP Virtual Discussion with David Freed on NET Power on July 12, 2016. A video recording of the event is available on the ELEEP Network YouTube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gl1AoXwEgM8
Rare earths are making a rabble-rousing comeback and Commerce Resources Corp....Stephan Bogner
Most recently, U.S. President Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau committed to building an EV (“Electric Vehicle“) supply chain between both countries. “The move comes as demand for electrified transportation is set to surge over the next decade“, Reuters noted and added that “Washington is increasingly viewing Canada as a kind of ´51st State´ for mineral supply purposes and plans to deepen financial and logistical partnerships with the country’s mining sector over time, according to a U.S. government source“. In light of China still dominating the rare earth elements (“REEs“) supply chains and a supply gap emerging over the next few years, new REE projects are needed to meet future demand.
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
New base 22 may 2021 energy news issue 1433 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
Tom Kaiserski, Program Manager, Energy Promotion and Development Division, Montana
Department of Commerce
Northern Task Force Meeting on April 2, 2012, Billings, MT
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan - Dr S. Julio FriedmannGlobal CCS Institute
The role of CCS/CCUS in the Climate Action Plan
Global CCS Institute, delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Third Americas Forum
Feb. 27th, 2014, Washington, DC
David Freed (8 Rivers Capital), ELEEP Virtual Discussion on NET PowerELEEP Network
This presentation was given during an ELEEP Virtual Discussion with David Freed on NET Power on July 12, 2016. A video recording of the event is available on the ELEEP Network YouTube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gl1AoXwEgM8
Rare earths are making a rabble-rousing comeback and Commerce Resources Corp....Stephan Bogner
Most recently, U.S. President Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau committed to building an EV (“Electric Vehicle“) supply chain between both countries. “The move comes as demand for electrified transportation is set to surge over the next decade“, Reuters noted and added that “Washington is increasingly viewing Canada as a kind of ´51st State´ for mineral supply purposes and plans to deepen financial and logistical partnerships with the country’s mining sector over time, according to a U.S. government source“. In light of China still dominating the rare earth elements (“REEs“) supply chains and a supply gap emerging over the next few years, new REE projects are needed to meet future demand.
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
New base 22 may 2021 energy news issue 1433 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
NewBase 22 May 2021 Energy News issue - 1433 by Khaled Al Awadi
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
Modelling Fault Reactivation, Induced Seismicity, and Leakage During Underground CO2 Injection, Jonny Rutquvist - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
On July 23, 2010, the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) and the Bureau of Economic Geology at the
University of Texas (UT-BEG) co-hosted a symposium on the Role of Enhanced Oil Recovery
(EOR) in Accelerating the Deployment of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). The motivation
for the symposium lies with the convergence of two national energy priorities: enhancement
of domestic oil production through increased tertiary recovery; establishment of large-scale CCS
as an enabler for continued coal use in a future carbon-constrained world. These security and
environmental goals can both be advanced by utilizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from
coal (and natural gas) combustion for EOR, but many questions remain about the efficacy and
implementation of such a program at large scale. The symposium aimed to lay out the issues and
to explore what might be an appropriate government role.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
The Global CCS Institute presented a workshop at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) ‘Carbon Management Technology Conference’ in Alexandria, Virginia on 20 October 2013.
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...Marcellus Drilling News
An overview of the proposed new rule changes EPA is proposing to prevent air pollution from hydraulic fracturing used in the oil and gas industry. The new rule changes seek to reduce the level of volatile organic compounds the EPA says are escaping into the air around drilling operations--from well pads, compressor plants, pipelines and other industry-related activities.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
GREEN ENERGY’S ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Reducing carbon missions by 51% in 2030
-Environmental, social, and governance funds have more than tripled to reach $2 Trillion.
-Three new “Mean Green” board members are forcing Exxon to clean up its act.
-GM is betting big on batteries for electric vehicles with a new $2.3 billion plant in Ohio.
-Advances in electric vehicles and next-generation nuclear reactors are helping the US achieve its goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Eor the co2 challenge nov2014 gasworld article
1. SPECIAL FEATURE
Enhanced oil recovery
The CO2 challenge – and opportunity
By Sam A. Rushing
Carbon dioxide-based enhanced
oil recovery (EOR) projects in
North America found their early
beginnings in the 1970s and 1980s,
via natural sourcing from the Colorado-located
McElmo Dome and Sheep
Mountain sources, coupled with the New
Mexico Bravo Dome, and high capacity
pipelines serving projects in the Permian
Basin and surrounding region.
Over time these projects began to
proliferate. In Mississippi, the Jackson
Dome supplied natural reserves to
regional projects surrounding the Mid-
Southern US region. Exxon’s large natural
gas processing facility near La Barge,
Wyoming recovered carbon dioxide (CO2)
for regional floods, much of which into the
Powder River Basin. Gas processing plants
located in West Texas, such as the Century
and Val Verde plants, also serve the
Permian Basin’s demands, while ammonia
plants in Kansas and Oklahoma further
serve regional CO2 floods.
And I personally worked on Burlington
Resources’ Lost Cabin, Wyoming gas
processing plant’s CO2 by-product, which
also eventually went into the network for
recovery of oil in the Powder River Basin.
Almost 140 active CO2-based EOR
projects are found in the US today, of
which over 50% are found in Texas
and Oklahoma, and primarily Texas.
Mississippi is also high on the list of
the number of projects, followed by
the Rocky Mountain regions, primarily
Wyoming. Some estimates place existing
pipelines to represent well over 3,000
miles in length, and many wells yield an
additional 5-20% of oil production.
This application has grown such that
today, it is said some 3.5 billion cubic
feet per day represent the US EOR
industry; with up to 68 million metric
tons per year of CO2 helping to produce
almost 300,000 barrels of oil per day.
Some US estimates for EOR demand
represent nearly 6.4 billion cubic feet per
day of CO2 supply by 2020. Of this future
supply, the lion’s share will generally have
to come from sources other than what
limited natural reserves are available;
hence products of (natural gas borne)
ammonia, ethylene oxide, gas processing,
and then coal, gas, and biomass-fired
flue gas sources. Some additional natural
reserves will be developed in places such
as New Mexico’s St. John’s Dome.
The challenge – Affordable CO2
Some estimates indicate while EOR
production has steadily increased over
the last few years, the growth in the EOR
sector has been hampered by affordable
and available supplies of the commodity
to the project sites.
The primary sites and regions for
the lowest cost enriched sources of
CO2 are largely found in New Mexico,
Colorado, and Mississippi. In the
long-term, the need for increased and
strategically available sources will
require affordable CO2 from by-product
sources which drive inherent dynamics
of affordability themselves - including
large-scale industrial chemical and
energy by-product operations, like those
of North America’s newfound natural
gas abundance. Subsidies provided
by government support and carbon-reduction
schemes affiliated with such
programmes will also be factors here.
All of these forces and mechanisms
can represent the delivery of significant
new CO2 to EOR demands, in a much
more affordable manner. Given the
relatively expensive nature of flue gas
recovery from power projects, economic
and environmental incentives will be
necessary to bridge this cost-related gap,
making it advantageous to sequester CO2
via EOR rather than emitting it into the
atmosphere. All of this can be necessary,
due to the high cost of building and
operating pipelines; often costing from
$1m to $1.5m per mile of construction.
There is heightened interest in EOR
projects in North America more than
ever before. Given a combination of
the correct geology, well pressures, and
allied chemical factors, CO2 is often the
agent most highly sought. However, as
always, the laid-in cost to the projects
– as in the merchant sector – are highly
driven by the distance from the source
to the injection site. In many ways, this
is perhaps the greatest challenge and
limiting factor for CO2-based EOR.
Texas – The EOR leader
Southeastern Texas, based upon my
consulting work in the industry, is a
good example of regions seeking greater
42 | gasworld • November 2014 www.gasworld.com/specialfeatures
2. SPECIAL FEATURE
and this includes as a by-product from
many more source types, particularly
those which are consistent with
today’s and tomorrow’s oil and gas
boon. Ethylene oxide and natural gas
processing facilities, as well as plans for
new ammonia plants, all linked to the
domestic surge in natural gas production
as a result of the ‘shale gale’ will also be
key to supplying more EOR projects
- and ultimately result in sending less
COinto the atmosphere. As more
2 efficient and cheaper recovery solvents
and processes are developed to serve
the coal-fired power sector, the greatest
environmental offender will be put to
rest, often in service of EOR.
As for EOR ventures, and large
suppliers of COfor such projects, the
2 time ahead is particularly exciting and
profitable; and this industry will realise
more growth and success ahead with the
demands outlined above. Of course, the
strategic nature of COsourcing, and the
2 challenges for unconventional recovery
methods, are indeed the challenges
faced by these projects. But the benefits
of greenhouse gas reduction and oil
recovery from otherwise depleted wells
makes it a ‘win-win’ situation.
For the raw gas suppliers, this is great
news, particularly if and when CO2
emissions mandates occur. Likewise for
the end-users, who are often gaining
up to 20% additional production of
one of the world’s most sought after
commodities – oil.
gw
CO2 capacity for a number of EOR jobs.
One major player in this market is
Denbury Resources, which is delivering
product hundreds of miles from its
Jackson (Mississippi) dome reserves
to Southeastern Texas, via pipeline.
Its current EOR pipeline capacity in
southeast Texas is around 400 MMSCFD
(million standard cubic feet per day),
which can be expanded to about 800
MMSCFD with more compression. Some
target EOR jobs resulting from Denbury’s
pipeline into this region of Texas include
the greater Houston area with up to 235
million barrels, as well as the Conroe area
adding up to 130 million barrels, and
supplies should be operational by 2016,
while numerous other chemical and
reformer ventures (and the Texas Clean
Power Project) are said to be supplying
additional CO2 for this regional EOR
growth - an estimated additional 400-500
million SCF/day of supply.
A green opportunity
Even though the US has not committed
to any significant greenhouse gas
reduction schemes, as of the time of
writing, EOR may be the best way to
sequester CO2.
Oklahoma, for example, has numerous
EOR projects, one sourced via pipeline
from the Bravo Dome and others
supplied by ammonia by-product, the
latter source also representing CCS
(carbon capture and storage).
Close to the US markets, a prime
example of a significant CCS from
power-based flue gas includes the Sask
Power project now under development,
located in Southern Saskatchewan,
Canada. The Sask Power project will take
flue gas from the third of its six units, a
140 MW power facility, and ultimately
sequester one million tonnes of CO2 flue
gas per year. This CO2 will be transported
by a new 40 mile Cenovus Energy
pipeline, to supplement a greater and
now expanded project in the Weyburn
field of Saskatchewan. This is in addition
to CO2 flue gas recovered from the
Dakota Gasification facility near Beulah,
North Dakota, which can deliver 800
metric tonnes per day (tpd) of CO2 via
pipeline into the Saskatchewan fields.
Numerous additional CO2 from syngas
and power projects are slated for many
regions of the US and Canada, which
will take by-product CO2 sources that
would otherwise be some of North
America’s worst environmental offenders
(particularly coal-fired power plants),
and use the product for EOR service over
the years and decades ahead. Strategic
sourcing and pipelines do of course play
into the ultimate cost, but recycling and
sequestering CO2 underground is a great
benefit to EOR.
In the end, CO2-based EOR has a
great future in many world markets,
“...the benefits of
greenhouse gas reduction
and oil recovery from
otherwise depleted wells
makes it a ‘win-win’
situation”
Oyster Bayou up to 30 million barrels.
More potential in Texas lies beyond the
southeast region near Houston, to include
the highly significant Permian Basin
which dates back to the dawn of EOR,
found in the western region of the state
which has – to a large degree – previously
been supplied with CO2 from the New
Mexico Bravo Dome. This is a long-lived
region producing additional oil via
CO2-based EOR, utilising CO2 pipelines
owned and operated by companies
such as Kinder Morgan. Additional
anthropogenic sources beyond the
New Mexico Bravo dome, such as
Colorado’s Sheep Mountain reserves and
the McElmo Dome, supplement EOR
projects along the way into the greater
Permian basin. Such projects have been
underway for decades now, along with
new growth. In some ways, this may be
the tip of the iceberg in terms of future
CO2-based EOR projects.
It is said that two regional power
plants will recover and utilise CO2 for
the Gulf Coast markets, including Texas,
these being one plant by Mississippi
Power and another by NRG. These CO2
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Sam A. Rushing is President of
Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd, now
celebrating its 25th year anniversary
this year as a prime consulting firm
to carbon dioxide and cryogenic gas
projects. Services are complete, from
technical, through business, markets,
and expert witness. Please call Sam
if you have requirements surrounding
CO2 and cryogenic gases.
Telephone: +1 305 852 2597
E-mail: rushing@terranova.net
www.advancedcryogenicsltd.com
44 | gasworld • November 2014 www.gasworld.com/specialfeatures