The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiotherapy & chemotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Radiation therapy patient treatment planning & post treatment care newIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiotherapy & chemotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Radiation therapy patient treatment planning & post treatment care newIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and neck cancers is essential in terms of improving quality of life and local control in this era. This presentation aimed at giving an overview of conformal radiotherapy and its role in HNC to a 'general audience'.
Paper presentation on World Oral Cancer Day.
World Cancer Day aims to save millions of preventable deaths each year by raising awareness and education about cancer.
Advances of Radiation Oncology in CancManagement: Vision for Role of Theranos...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Significant computational and technological advances in radiation therapy have enhanced our ability to more accurately plan and deliver increasing doses of radiation therapy to limited target volumes in many patients with cancer. Recent developments on magnetic resonance on-line imaging and use of implanted markers allow more precise on-time tumor localization with lower doses delivered to surrounding organs at risk leading to less treatment morbidity. Biological markers and molecular imaging (theranostics) will add new dimensions and precision to radiation therapy techniques. Nanoparticles are promising tools in therapeutic programs. Further research in efficacy, safety, cost utility (value) and institution of robust quality assurance programs will be necessary to optimize these contributions in clinical practice.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiation therapy patient treatment planning & post treatment care new/ Labia...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A primer of oncology basics for nursing students. Includes basic oncology, understanding cancer and understanding radiation therapy in an easy to comprehend manner.
Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and neck cancers is essential in terms of improving quality of life and local control in this era. This presentation aimed at giving an overview of conformal radiotherapy and its role in HNC to a 'general audience'.
Paper presentation on World Oral Cancer Day.
World Cancer Day aims to save millions of preventable deaths each year by raising awareness and education about cancer.
Advances of Radiation Oncology in CancManagement: Vision for Role of Theranos...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Significant computational and technological advances in radiation therapy have enhanced our ability to more accurately plan and deliver increasing doses of radiation therapy to limited target volumes in many patients with cancer. Recent developments on magnetic resonance on-line imaging and use of implanted markers allow more precise on-time tumor localization with lower doses delivered to surrounding organs at risk leading to less treatment morbidity. Biological markers and molecular imaging (theranostics) will add new dimensions and precision to radiation therapy techniques. Nanoparticles are promising tools in therapeutic programs. Further research in efficacy, safety, cost utility (value) and institution of robust quality assurance programs will be necessary to optimize these contributions in clinical practice.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiation therapy patient treatment planning & post treatment care new/ Labia...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A primer of oncology basics for nursing students. Includes basic oncology, understanding cancer and understanding radiation therapy in an easy to comprehend manner.
Common Types of Cancer Treatment
Surgery: An operation where doctors cut out tissue with cancer cells. Chemotherapy: Special medicines that shrink or kill cancer cells that we cannot see. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays (similar to X-rays) to kill cancer cells.
Radiation Oncology in 21st Century - Changing the ParadigmsApollo Hospitals
Since its inception radiation therapy has been used as one of
the essential treatment options in the management of malignant and some benign tumors. With better understanding of tumor biology many new molecules have been added to the armamentarium of an oncologist. There is continuous improvement in surgical techniques with more emphasis on minimally invasive, organ- and function-preserving techniques. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without addition of radiation therapy has helped surgeon downsizing the tumor and obtaining clearer margins.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Similar to Radiotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Radiotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTION
With discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm
Rontgen, much advancement has taken place
in the field of radiology.
Radiation oncology is a medical specialty that
utilizes ionizing radiation to treat many
different types of malignancies.
Oral cancer – 3.5% of all malignancies.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. For more early stage of oral cancer radiation
therapy and surgery are effective.
For intermediate stage radiation therapy used
as an adjuvant role to surgery.
For advanced tumors radiation therapy is
extensively used.
The success of radiation therapy as a treatment
modality depends on differences in repair
capabilities between normal & malignant cells.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. OBJECTIVE OF TREATMENT
The choice of treatment depends on
Cell type
Degree of differentiation
Location of primary lesion
Site and size
General condition of patient
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Patients age
Lymph node status
Bone involvement
Preservation of functions
Physical and mental status of patients
Complications
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. MECHANISM OF RADIOTHERAPY
Radiation kills cells by interaction with water
molecules in cells, producing charged molecules
that interact with bio-chemical process in the
cells
•
DNA is damaged
•
Chromosomal damage
•
Incapable of cell division
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Radiotherapy deals with use of ionizing
radiation
in
treatment
of
malignant
neoplasm.
Ionizing radiation
Photons (X-rays and Gamma-rays)
Particulate Radiation (Electron, Protons,
Neutrons, Alpha and Beta)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. ROLE OF RADIOTHERAPY IN
CANCER
Combined
Adjuvant
Alone
Pallative
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. INDICATIONS OF RADIOTHERAPY
Posterior 1/3 of tongue
Oropharynx
Tonsillar pillar
Exophytic lesions
Well differentiated carcinomas
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. ADVANTAGES
Extensive lesions.
Treating the disease in-situ.
Avoid the surgical removal of tissue.
To operate in accessible site.
Choice of treatment for T1 and T2 tumors.
Lymph node metastases.
To eradicate well oxygenated tumor cells at the
periphery.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. PRINCIPAL OF RADIATION
To deliver a precise dose of radiation to a
definite tumor volume with minimal damage.
The goal of radiotherapy is sterilized is tumor
and avoid causing un-acceptable degree of
toxicity to the surrounding normal tissue.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. The first dose of radiation kills cells that are
well oxygenated and in sensitive phases of cell
cycle.
Palliation and prevention of symptoms of
disease.
Absorption of x-ray in the medium is an
important factor for radiation therapy
Gy).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
(Dose :
15. Before the delivery of next dos of radiation sublethal damage repair can occur in both the tumor
and normal tissues.
Because a substantial
number of cells within the tumor have been
killed by the first dose of radiation, there is less
competition for the available oxygen, and some
of the hypoxic tumor cells can re-oxygenate and
become more radiosensitive.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Radiotherapy works in most cases not because
the tumors are more radiosensitive than the
normal tissues, but rather because normal tissues
are better at repair and repopulation within the
context
of
clinically
utilized
fractionation
schemes.
Cells tend to be more radiosensitive in mitosis
and late G1 - early S phase than in early G1 and
G2 phases. So, radiation perferentially kills cells
in the more sensitive phase of cell cycle.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. FRACTIONATION SCHEMES
Early or acute responding tissues - skin and
pharyngeal mucosa.
Late responding tissue - spinal cord.
The early responding tissues limit both the size
of dose fraction and the degree to which time
course of radiation can be compressed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. The late responding tissues limits total radiation
dose, so giving smaller dose per fraction allows
higher total dose to be given.
This is the basic rationale for giving multiple
smaller fractions of radiation per day instead of
single daily dose.
The require of minimum time is approximately 6
hours for normal tissue to repair.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. HYPER FRACTIONATION
Reduce the size of individual radiation fractions
in an attempt to reduce normal tissues late effect
and to allow a higher total dose of radiation.
ACCELERATED FRACTIONATION
Same dose delivered rapidly to treat the rapidly
proliferating tumors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. CONTINUOUS HYPER FRACTIONATION
RADIOTHERAPY (CHART)
Extreme accelerated schedules
Consists of giving three daily radiation
treatments of 1.5Gy each to a total dose of
54Gy without giving any weekend breaks.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. CANCER STAGING
• Commonly used staging UICC-TNM
• T – Size of tumor
• N – Lymph node spread
• M – Metastasized to other organs of body
•
T1 - <2cms
N1 – Ipsilateral single <3cms
•
T2 - >2 to 4cms
N2 – a. Ipsilateral single >3 to 6cms
•
T3 - >4cms
b. Ipsilateral multiple <6cms
•
T4 – Adjacent structures.
c. Bilateral, Contralateral <6cms
N3 - >6cms
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. TOLERANCE LIMITS
Tongue / Lips : High tolerance (70 to 80 Gy)
Floor of the mouth : Intermediate Tolerance
Alveolar ridges / Mandible: Lowest Tolerance
T1 & T2 tumors : 65 to 70 Gy in 7 Weeks
T3 & T4 tumors : 75 to 80 Gy
Tongue alveolus : 45 to 50 Gy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
N2 & N3 nodes : Radiation followed by surgery
23. TREATMENT PLANNING
The radiation treatment plan is determined by
tumor site and size, the total volume to be
radiated, the number of treatment fractions, total
number of days of treatment, tolerance of patient
and the sparing of uninvolved tissues or organs.
Type of treatment includes external therapy
•
External therapy (Teletherapy)
•
Internal therapy (Branchytherapy)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. EXTERNAL THERAPY (Teletherapy)
X-rays Source / Point of Origin is at a distance away
from patients body.
In
external
therapy
two
principal
field
arrangements are parallel opposed fields and
wedged pair fields.
The wedged pair fields
allow a therapeutic dose to unilateral disease
while sparing high dose to the opposite side.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. When a large tumor are midline lesion is present
a parallel opposed field setup may be needed,
which produced a uniform exposure for midline
disease.
Fields of modified by placing a wedges in the
beam to accommodate variation in tissue contour.
Radiation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Epithelial malignancy 1.8 to 2 Gy per fraction for 5
weeks (6000 to 6500cGy).
Lymphomas 180 to 200cGy per day (3500 to
5000cGy).
Superficial tumors : Low penetration
Lip and Skin : Low Kilovolt
Parotid : Electron beam therapy
Deep seated lesions : Neutrons
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. INTERNAL THERAPY (Branchy Therapy)
X-rays source is placed in contact with the tumor.
One way of concentrating the radiation dose in
the tumor tissue and the limiting the dose to the
surrounding normal tissues.
Branchy therapy is used as a boosted dose of
radiation to specific site or for treatment for
recurrence.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. The isotopes used include cesium, irridium,
iodine, radium and gold.
Directly implanted source may be used to deliver
the radiation by covering the unexposed areas
with bandages, holders, wax and shields.
THREE CATEGORIES
Molds / Plaques
Interstitial implants
Intra cavitary / intra luminal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. MOLDS / PLAQUES
Radioactive source is loaded into a surface mould
and placed within the tumor.
INTERSTITIAL IMPLANTS
Radioactive source is past through and through
the tumor.
INTRA CAVITARY / INTRA LUMINAL
Radioactive source placed in natural body cavities.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. PRE AND POSTOPERATIVE
THERAPY
Preoperative radiation are used for destruction of
peripheral tumor cells, the potential control of
sub-clinical disease.
Postoperative therapy can be used to treat cells
that remain the margin of resection and to control
sub-clinical disease. Example (Carcinoma, extracapsular extension of tumor).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. COMPLICATION OF
RADIOTHERAPY
Acute reactions - During the course of
radiotherapy due to tissue toxicity and
resolve over several weeks.
Chronic reactions - develops slowly over
months to years.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Loss of remineralization, loss of buffering
capacity, gingival third and the incisal
cusp tips – caries.
TREATMENT
Fluorides, occlusive splints, chlorhexidine
gel 2%.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. TISSUE NECROSIS
Hypo vascular, hypo cellular and hypoxic tissue
unable to repair – tissue necrosis.
Clinical features – discomfort, bad taste, parasthesia,
fistula, infection and fracture.
TREATMENT
Hyper baric oxygen therapy, IV fluids, nutritional
supplement,
removing
of
underlying
tropical antibiotic and antiseptic.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
etiology,
39. SPEECH AND MASTICATION
PROBLEM
Abnormal speech after radiation affects tongue
mobility mandibular movement, soft palate
function and palatal defect.
TREATMENT
Speech therapy and prosthesis.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. NUTRITIONAL AND
MANDIBULAR DYSFUNCTION
Radiation therapy produces changes in taste,
smell and secondary infection (>3000 Gy).
TREATMENT
Nutritional counseling and ↑caloric intake.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Due to fibrosis stress of muscles.
TREATMENT
Physiotherapy, excises, muscle relaxants and
analgesics injection.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. DENTOFACIAL
ABNORMALITIES / PAIN
Affects the facial skeleton, growth and development
agenesis
of
teeth,
abnormal
micrognathia.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
root,
trismus,
43. Pain due to tumor or recurrence or progression
of tumor.
TREATMENT
Tropical
anesthetics,
inflammatory
muscle
analgesic,
relaxants
depressants.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
and
antianti-
44. CONCLUSION
Radiation
therapy
place
an
integral
role
in
management of most head and neck malignancies.
Hence proper use requires basic understanding of
how it affects both tumors and normal tissues.
Research
will
continue
and
investigations
of
radiation
fractionation,
radiosensitizers
therapy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
may
include
source,
radiation
and
combined