The document summarizes feedback from the Ministry of Defence on radar system engineering courses conducted by TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Overall feedback was positive, with average scores of 83.03% and 83.81% for two courses led by instructor Dr. Lee Kar Heng. Some suggestions for improvement included checking notes for accuracy, clarifying diagrams, and providing more operational applications connected to theory. Participants found the instructor to be knowledgeable, effective, and approachable.

1. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
RADAR SYSTEM ENGINEERING
COURSE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. THE TEAM STRUCTURE
2. COURSE FEEDBACK FROM THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
3. PROPOSED COURSE DETAILS
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2. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
1. THE STRUCTURE
1.1 COURSE OVERVIEW
TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (TBSS C3E) offers the follow radar
course
1: Basic Radar System Engineering with Scilab
2: Radar Tracking with Scilab
TBSS C3E also designs, develops and delivers customized radar courses to meet the
participants’ specialized needs.
1.2 THE COURSE TEAM
The course is managed by an assigned course team, which is headed by the Course
Director who is responsible for the design, development and delivery of the entire course.
The Course Director is supported by the Design Team who shall prepare the course
materials, including the pre-programme elearning module and a Commercial Manager
who co-ordinates and administers the operational and contractual matters of the course.
The Quality Controller ensures the materials conform to adopted training practices,
methods of instructions and pedagogy.
Quality Controller
for
Training
Commercial
Manager
Lecturers Module Designer Module Writer Assessment
Officer
Course Director
Figure 1 The Proposed Course Team Structure
Figure 1 shows a generic course team. The team structure varies according to the course
requirements and needs.
1.3 COURSE DIRECTOR AND LECTURER
The course director and lecturer for TBSS C3E radar courses is Dr Lee Kar Heng.
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3. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
LEE Kar Heng, Ph.D
P.hD (Engineering Management), M.Eng(Electrical),
M.Sc(System Engineering), B.Tech(EE) Hons,
British Computer Society Part 1 Examination, M.IEEE
Teaching in Higher Education Certificate (SEDA, UK)
Email: karheng@tbssc3e.com
Mobile: +65 9191 6893, +84 163 800 6000
Write-Up of LEE Kar Heng, Ph.D
Dr LEE KH is experienced in both maritime electronics, including radar systems and
microwave engineering, as well as conducting professional courses. Prior to his current
work, Dr LEE was with the Police Technology Department (Singapore Police Force)
where he was responsible for the coastal surveillance system. He was in-charge of the
radar system design and specification writing for the Police Coast Guard. Dr Lee had also
been with Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore where he was responsible for the
Vessel Traffics Information System, which consists of VTS Radar, CCTV, wireless
broadband and maritime communications, AIS and control and command sub-systems.
His work included project management, tender specification writing, conducting trials
and evaluate proposals. Dr LEE had also worked for the Defence Science and Technology
Agency (DSTA) where he was a project leader and consultant in the coastal surveillance
radar systems for Police Coast Guard and Navy. He was also involved in the
spearheading effort to equip Navy vessels with ship-borne AIS transponders. Dr LEE had
also worked for DSO National Laboratories where he evaluated radar tracking algorithms
and commercial plot extraction and tracking solutions. Dr Lee served the Republic of
Singapore Navy in terms of system maintenance, system engineering, training and design
modification.
Dr LEE was currently an Associate Staff with the PSB Academy where he taught
Communications Engineering subjects and supervised Final Year Project students. Dr
LEE had developed Wireless and Optical Communication Systems course materials for
the SIM University. He also taught communications, radio frequency, microwave and
signal processing subjects in the University of Newcastle, James Cook University,
University of Southern Queensland, RMIT University, Northumbria University and
Edith Cowan University undergraduate programs. Lee is also the Senior Adjunct
Lecturer with Edith Cowan University, based in Singapore to ensure smooth running of
the Bachelor of Engineering courses in Singapore.
Dr Lee had conducted professional short courses in Radar System Engineering, Radar
Tracking and Phased Array Radar courses for the Ministry of Defense, which included
participants from the SAF, NAVY, AIR FORCE, DSTA and DSO National Laboratories. Dr
Lee was in-charge of running radar courses during his appointment with DSTA and Police
Technology Department.
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4. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
Dr LEE is certified to teach in Higher Education by the Staff Education and Development
Association, UK and had served as a Chairman and Secretary in the Education Chapter,
IEEE Singapore Section. Lee graduated from NUS with Master of Engineering and
Bachelor of Technology (Hons) degrees. He also holds a Master of Science from the
University of Sheffield. Dr LEE obtained his Ph.D in Engineering Management via online
study with Madison Hills University. Dr Lee has published some papers in the IEEE
conferences and NUS research programme. One of his supervised projects was
highlighted in Lian He Zhao Pao and FM88.3.
Summary of Strengths Required in the Proposed Courses
· More than 18 years of experiences in project management and system support of
VTMIS and Coastal Surveillance Systems.
· More than 24 years of experiences in project management and system support of
Coastal Radars, VTS Radars and Maritime radars.
· Attended professional courses in VTS (Norcontrol, Norway and Singapore), VTS
Radars. (Raytheon, Terma), Coastal Surveillance Radars (ELTA, Israel) and FMCW
Radar (GeorgiaTech, US).
· Experienced in scientific multiple decision making methodology, the Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP) in complex project evaluations.
· Held various positions (Chairman, Vice-Chairman, and Secretary) within the IEEE
Education Chapter, Singapore Section.
· Appointed Course Chair, Lecturer and Tutor in Bachelor Degrees courses by various
Private Institutions and Universities.
· Appointed Senior Adjunct Lecturer by the School of Engineering, Edith Cowen
University, Australia.
· Familiar in both Government and Supplier processes.
· Familiar in ISO9000 Quality Assurance System, ISO Management Representative and
trained in ISO IQA.
Vessel Traffic System/Coastal Surveillance System Experiences
Brown Automation & Consulting Engineering Pte Ltd / NorControl A.S. (seconded)
· Trained in Horten, Norway to represent NorControl in the Port of Singapore Authority
VTS project and technical support.
· Managed, Installed & commissioned Port of Singapore Authority VTS.
· Provided maintenance services & technical support in Port of Singapore Authority VTS.
· Developed Maintenance Manual and Servicing Manual and Conducted Technical
Training for the Port of Singapore Authority VTS project.
· Managed Radar Relocation Project for Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore.
· Designed and Developed Marine Traffic Analysis using Synthetic Aperture Radar
Images using Structured System Analysis & Design Method for Maritime and Port
Authority of Singapore.
Defense Science and Technology Agency
· Trained in Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, US in Frequency Modulated
Continuous Radar Principles.
· Design and Preparation of Specification and Drawings of Coastal Radar Systems.
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5. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
· Project management and System Engineering of Large Scale Coastal Radar Systems
Projects (prepared tender specifications and evaluate proposals).
· Conduct radar related courses (Radar Data Processing and Radar RF).
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
· Prepare tender specifications.
· Evaluate technical proposals.
· Carry out technical studies in radar, optics and communications engineering.
· Carry out trials in Wireless Networking for the Singapore Port Waters.
· Project and system management
ST Electronics (Satcom and Sensor) Pte Ltd
· Provided support and consultancy to overseas sales and marketing team in radar and
coast surveillance systems.
· Prepare tender document for Qatar and Saudi VTS and Coastal surveillance System.
NCS Communications Pte Ltd
· Provided technical support in pre-tender, tender and post tender activities on Radar
and VTIS.
· Proposed and presented a conceptual design paper on “The use of 3D multi-beam radar
with Monopulse for vessel height measurement” (to secure R&D fund from the
Enterprise Challenge, Prime Minister Office, under the support of CAAS).
· Carry out site survey and consultancy in Primary Surveillance Radar Project for
Department of Civil Aviation, Brunei.
· Supported Maintenance Team in bidding MPA maintenance jobs.
Ministry of Home Affairs/Police Coast Guard
 Lead in sensors of a large-scale coastal surveillance system.
 Consultant/Subject Matter Expert in design reviews, acceptance tests, installation and
commissioning of control and command, radar and EO systems.
 Participated in design activities and site planning.
 Lead in sensor data and interfacing to/from internal and external control centers.
 Responsible for the Operations and Support of Coast Surveillance Sensors deployed in
the Police Coast Guard.
 Appointed Radar Expert in the Center for Excellence in SPF.
 Conduct courses in Radar (VTS/Coastal surveillance/Boats) and other sensors used in
coastal surveillance.
 Provided consultancy to the Programme Management Team in Radar issues, tenders
and projects.
 Reviewed and provided inputs to Scope of Requirements, Budget Papers and Tender
Specifications.
 Provided technical support and evaluation in acquisition of marine class radar for PCG
boats.
 Provide radar assessment and evaluation for Police Coast Guard.
TBSS Center for Electronics and Electrical Engineering
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6. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
· Provide technical support in pre-tender, tender and post tender activities on Coastal
Surveillance Systems (includes radar systems, communications, AIS, optics, CCTV and
network subsystems).
· Provide technical services in VTS for Bintulu Port.
· Conduct short courses: VTS System Course (Hardware), Radar System Engineering and
Wireless Communications.
Republic of Singapore Navy
· Maintained and Serviced shipboard Radar System & Computer Control System
· Designed and Developed Automated Radar Calibration Facility
· Conducted on-the-job training
Education and Achievements
Singapore Computer Society – British Computer Society
Joint Examination Part I
· Credit in Project: Design, Development and Implementation of an Inventory Control System
Madison Hills University
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Management
· Certificate of Excellence in Engineering Management Project
National University of Singapore
Bachelor Degree of Technology of Electronics Engineering (2nd Class Upper Division
Degree)
· Dean’s list in 4 out of 8 semesters
· Asia Compaq Book Price, Academic Year 1997/98, B.Tech(Hons).
· Submitted Paper "A Study of Coupling Effects on Antennas Mounted on a Common
Structure" for IEEE Region 10 Student Paper Competition 1999.
The University of Sheffield, UK
Master of Science in System, Information and Control Engineering
· Dissertation “A Simulation of Tracking Algorithms used in Radar Data Processing”.
National University of Singapore
Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering
· Research Thesis “Design and Development of Circular Polarization, Multiband
Antennas”.
· Presented the results at IEEE International Antenna and Propagation Society and
Universal Radio Science Institute Conference in 2002.
Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore and Staff Education and Development Association,
UK
Teaching in Higher Education Certificate
 Complete project “The Design and Development of a New Subject, “Integrated Project”,
for the Diploma in Telecommunications Course”.
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7. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
Publications
K. H. Lee & M. S. Leong, "A Study of Coupling Effects on Antennas Mounted on a Common
Structure", IEEE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 1999.
K. H. Lee, "Antenna Coupling", Bachelor of Technology Project Report, NUS 1999.
K. H. Lee, "A Simulation of Tracking Algorithms Used in Radar Data Processing", Master of
Science Dissertation, The University of Sheffield 2001.
K. H. Lee, "The Design and Development of Broadband and Multiband Antennas ", Master of
Engineering Research Thesis, NUS 2003.
K. H. Lee, S. A. Hamilton & M. S. Leong, "A Tri-band Circular Polarised Microstrip Antenna",
IEEE International Antenna and Propagation Society/Universal Radio Science Institute
Conference 2002.
J. W. Teo & K. H. Lee, “The propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in the application of
through-wall radar sensors”, NUS Science Research Conference 2003.
Press release: Project “The propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in the application of
through-wall radar sensors”, Lianhe Zhaobao on 8 April 2003.
Media Coverage: Project “The propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in the application
of through-wall radar sensors”, SARA Radio Power 98 and Dongli 88.3 on 8 April 2003.
X. Q. Tan & K. H. Lee, “A Study on Data Fusion Techniques Used in Multiple Radar Tracking”,
NUS Science Research Congress, 2004.
P. Boh & K. H. Lee, “A Study on the use of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar in the
Detection of Swimmers”, NUS Research Congress, 2005.
Professional Membership and Voluntary Work
MEMBER, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), since 1995
Secretary, Education Chapter, IEEE Singapore Section, 2005 – 2007
Chairman, Education Chapter, IEEE Singapore Section, 2008 – 2010
Vice Chairman, Education Chapter, IEEE Singapore Section 2010 – Present
Voluntary Police Office, Police Coast Guard, 2010 – 2012
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8. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
2. COURSE FEEDBACK FROM THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
4 3 2 1
13 9 3.59
8 12 2 3.27
13 8 1 3.55
8 12 2 3.27
8 14 3.36
12 10 3.55
7 13 2 3.23
7 11 4 3.14
10 11 1 3.41
8 13 1 3.32
3 12 4 1 2.85
3.32
83.03%
B. Training Contents,
Materials and Logistics
Feedback/Additional
Comments
Basic Phased Array Radar Systems
16-Jan-08
LEE K H
(Please tick accordingly to help)
Instructor was well prepared and responded well to my questions.
The Instructor showed a genuine interest in his/her teaching.
The training contents covered were useful.
The location and food provided were satisfactory.
I am able to apply the newly acquired knowledge at my workplace.
2. Good
3. Instructor is very euthsiatic and helpful about his teaching
1. Notes have a few errors (subscript errors, labelling)
Course Title:
Dates:
Instructor was approachable and provided courteous service.
How would you rate the presentation skills of the instructor.
AVERAGE SCORE
PERCENTAGE AVERAGE SCORE
1. Notes seem to be lacking in accuracy and details. Should check before issuing.
e.g. footer for chapter is still chapter 1, should explain the acronyms, grammar/language error
Suggestions of areas for
Improvement
Materials provided were understandable and easy to refer to.
I shall recommend my peers and subordinate to attend this course.
Course Instructor:
Instructor was knowledgeable about the subject.
Instructor was effective in communicating to the audience.
A. Trainer & Delivery
2. Radiation pattern diagram not very clear
3. Too much wordings on presentation slides
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9. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
4 3 2 1
10 6 3.63
3 12 1 3.13
9 7 3.56
5 11 3.31
3 13 3.19
8 7 1 3.44
5 10 1 3.25
7 8 1 3.38
12 4 3.75
6 7 3 3.19
4 9 3 3.06
3.35
83.81%
B. Training Contents,
Materials and Logistics
Feedback/Additional
Comments
LEE K H
(Please tick accordingly to help)
Instructor was approachable and provided courteous service.
Instructor was well prepared and responded well to my questions.
How would you rate the presentation skills of the instructor.
The Instructor showed a genuine interest in his/her teaching.
The training contents covered were useful.
Materials provided were understandable and easy to refer to.
The location and food provided were satisfactory.
I shall recommend my peers and subordinate to attend this course.
I am able to apply the newly acquired knowledge at my workplace.
AVERAGE SCORE
PERCENTAGE AVERAGE SCORE
1. Should provide more operational application with respect to theory. Discuss various radars
(SAR, Phased array, etc) characteristics and applications
2. Only for those with basic radar knowledge.
3. Some of the additional terms used by lecturer may not been mentioned in the paper thus can be
be quite "Alien" to ask. It would be good for the lecturer to be aware that he has used a new
term and spell it out on the whiteboard. E.g. Derma radar or therma radar?
4. Good.
5. Instructor is able to relate experiences and operational needs.
6. Location is good as it is convenient and near MRT
Suggestions of areas for
Improvement
Basic Radar System Engineering
12-Dec-07
Course Title:
Dates:
1. Can cover/explain why different bands of radar - L-Band, X-Band, S-Band etc É to give better
Course Instructor:
Instructor was knowledgeable about the subject.
Instructor was effective in communicating to the audience.
A. Trainer & Delivery
overview.
2. Chapter 1 and 2 can be briefly touched on.
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10. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
3. PROPOSED COURSE DETAILS
3.1 RADAR TRACKING WITH SCILAB OR MATLAB (2 DAYS)
AIMS
(1) To discuss and investigate the basic radar tracking algorithm
(2) To use Scilab in the study of tracking algorithm
SYNOPSIS
The participants will:
· Appreciate radar system as a random process
· Derive the tracking and prediction equations
· Understand a-b filter and Kalman filter
· Simulate the tracking algorithms in Scilab
PROPOSED DETAILED SYLLABUS
Topic 1. Basic Random Variable and Process (4 hours)
· Basic probability
· Random variables
· Radar detection and tracking as random processes
Topic 2. Radar Detection and Tracking Processes (3 hours)
· Need for tracking
· A typical tracking radar system
· Some common terms used in tracking
· Radar detection
· Plot-to-track association
Topic 3. Radar Tracking Algorithms (7 hours)
· Derivation of tracking and prediction equations
· The a-b filter
· The Kalman filter
· Work examples and Scilab/MATLAB Practices
3.2 BASIC RADAR SYSTEM ENGINEERING WITH SCILAB OR MATLAB
(2 DAYS)
AIMS
(1) To discuss and investigate the basic radar system block diagram
(2) To discuss the radar parameters
(3) To discuss the radar equations
(4) To discuss the radar performance
(5) To investigate radar system using Scilab/MATLAB
SYNOPSIS
The participants will:
· Understand different types of radar
· Understand a typical radar system block diagram
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11. TBSS Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, A Company of TBSS Group
· Understand and evaluate radar parameters
· Understand and evaluate radar performance
· Use radar equations
· Solve radar problems in Scilab/MATLAB
PROPOSED DETAILED SYLLABUS
Topic 1. An Introduction to Radar (2 hour)
· The IEEE Definition
· Radar classification
· Frequency bands
Topic 2. Radar Block Diagram (3 hours)
· Overview of radar block diagram
· Block details and interfaces between the blocks
Topic 3. Radar Parameters (3 hours)
· Important parameters of each blocks and overall system
· Discussion on the effects of the parameters
Topic 4. Radar Equation (3 hours)
· The Friss Transmission Equation
· The radar equation and all the variables in the equation
· The importance of radar equation
· Using Scilab to evaluate radar performance based on radar equation
Topic 4. Radar Performance and Associated Mathematical Equations (3 hours)
· Discussion of associated equations and their applications in the radar system
design and analysis
· Use of Scilab/MATLAB in solving associated radar equations
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