Klingbeil, R., 2016. Wasser für die MENA Region - Bedeutung von Zusammenarbeit und Netzwerken [Water for the MENA Region - Importance of Cooperation and Networking]. Presentation at Seminar "Preparedness - Prepare Companies for Future Change", VDMA discussion group "Corporate Foresight", Frankfurt, Germany, 12 May 2016.

1. Wasser für die MENA Region –
Bedeutung von Zusammenarbeit und
Netzwerken
Dr. Ralf Klingbeil
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
Hannover
Vortrag beim
VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar Preparedness
Frankfurt, 12. Mai 2016

2. World Economic Forum 2016
Global Risks of Highest Concern 2016
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 2
Credit: Nicholas Clive Marcroft
Let’s talk about water …

3. Übersicht
• Vorbereitung
• Wasserressourcen in der MENA Region
• Situation
• Nutzung
• Perspektiven
• Möglichkeiten für Kooperationen und Zusammenarbeit
• Netzwerke in der Region
• … mit der Region
• … in Deutschland
• Ausblick
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 3

4. MENA / Arab Region
UN ESCWA
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 4
www.unescwa.org
• 18 ESCWA Member
States
• 22 Arab countries
• Sub-regions
• Maghreb
• Mashreq
• GCC
• … plus

5. Vorbereitung
• Rahmenbedingungen
• Entscheidungsprozesse
• Standortfaktoren: z.B. Umwelt und Wasser
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 5

6. Vorbereitung
• Rahmenbedingungen für Investitionen
• Entscheidungsprozesse: Wie, wer, was, mit wem?
• Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen
• Institutionen und Akteure
• Türöffner
• Partner Optionen
• Umwelt- und Wassersituation als kritische Investitionsfaktoren
• Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen und Institutionen
• Umweltsituation
• Wassersicherheit
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 6

7. World Economic Forum 2016
Global Risks of Highest Concern 2016
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 7
WEF,2016.Whatarethetopglobalrisksfor2016?
14Jan2016,www.wef.ch/risks2016.

8. 1 in 3 Companies Constrained by Corruption, MENA: 1 in 2
The World Bank
Companies Constraint by Corruption
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 8
TheWorldBank,2016.EnterpriseSurveys,
www.enterprisesurveys.org.
Percent of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint
Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get a water connection

9. Water Integrity Network WIN
Better Water Integrity
Transparency, Accountability and Participation
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 9
WaterIntegrityNetwork,2016.WaterIntegrityGlobalOutlook
2016(WIGO),www.waterintegritynetwork.net/wigo.

10. Arab Science and Technology
“Arab world’s path to
progress goes through science”
• R&D as pert of GDP:
• Egypt: 0.4% / South Korea: 4.0%
• Researchers per million people:
• Arab region 371 / World 1,081,
• Sudan: 19, Bahrain: 50, Oman: 137, …, Egypt: 581 , Morocco: 864, Tunisia: 1,394
• Scientific and technical articles:
• Arab region: 1.3% of journal entries published
• Patent applications:
• Arab region: 0.1% at US Patent and Trademark Office (2013)
• Disconnect between businesses and R&D community
• Egypt: only 5% of R&D from private sector
• Women: University students: > 50%, researchers: only 37% of researchers
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 10
www.thearabweekly.com,04March2016

11. Wasserressourcen
in der MENA Region
• Situation
• Nutzung
• Perspektiven
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 11

12. Wasserressourcen - MENA Region
Viele Dimensionen von Wasser
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 12
Governance
Demographics
Food
Water
& Land
Energy

13. Regional Water Overview - Water Availability and Demand
Actual Renewable Freshwater Resources
per Capita by Region
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 13
FAOAQUASTATdata1998-2002,WB2007.

14. Regional Water Overview - Water Availability and Demand
Percent of Total Renewable Water
Resources Withdrawn, by Region
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 14
FAOAQUASTATdata1998-2002,WB2007.

15. Regional Water Overview - Water Availability and Demand
Total Renewable Water per Person
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 15
ESCWA,2009.
Extreme Water Scarcity
Water Scarcity
Water Stress

16. Regional Water Overview - Water Availability and Demand
Sources of Water … differ per Country
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 16
ICBA,Barghouti,2009.

17. Lebanon 2014
Scarcity of Water …
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 17
bg:MEW,2014.NationalWaterConservationCampaign,
Lebanon,fg:TuTiempo.net,2016.
http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-401000.html..
2003-2004
2007-2008
2013-2014

18. Lebanon
Scarcity of Water …
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 18
RightPhoto:http://ilndation-elaof.blogspot.com/2009/11/how-
to-make-bucket-margarita.html2,2009.

19. Syria and Iraq
Scarcity of Water …
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 19
Left:irinnews.org,2009.Syria’sdrought-affectedprovincesasof
Aug2009,right:IOM,July2010.
• Displacement due to drought …
• … and inappropriate governance

20. Technical approaches
Managed Aquifer Recharge …
one of many different options
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 20
UNESCO,2005.

21. Water and scarcity in the MENA Region
Three Levels of (Water) Scarcity
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 21
TheWorldBank,2007.MakingtheMostofScarcity.

22. Water and food in the MENA Region
Irrigated Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 22
Left:FAOAQUASTAT,2008.
1991
2000
2012

23. Water and food in the MENA Region
Irrigated Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 23
Left:WaterWatch,2006,right:GeoEconomica,2011.Saudi
Arabia’sFoodDiplomacy:SearchingforFertileGround.
• Left: Accumulated 30 yrs GW Abstractions, 1975-2004 per Region
• Right: Wheat: Production, Consumption, and Trade, 1983-2019

24. Water, energy and food in the MENA Region
Groundwater between Jordan and Saudi Arabia
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 24
UNESCWA,2016.
Energy for Water:
Saq-Ram Aquifer System
• Exploitable area,
• Irrigation areas,
• Energy use for
groundwater pumping

25. Möglichkeiten für
Kooperationen und
Zusammenarbeit
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 25
Netzwerke in der
Region
Netzwerke
mit der
Region
Netzwerke in
Deutschland

26. Möglichkeiten für Kooperationen und Zusammenarbeit:
Netzwerke in und mit der Region
• AWARENET
• ACWUA
• AFED
• Arab G-Wadi
• WSTA - GCC
• MENA NWC
• GAMP
• IWRM
• REMENA
• Agya
• SWINDON / exceed II
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 26

27. AWARENET:
Arab Integrated
Water Resources
Management Network
• Capacity development
for sustainable water
management
• Part of Cap-Net UNDP
global network of networks
• Training courses
• Training of trainers
• Online courses using
Cap-Net Virtual Campus
• Thematic working groups
• ˃ 430 members,
inc. 100 institutions
• http://awarenet.info
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 27

28. AWARENET:
Arab Integrated
Water Resources
Management Network
• Water governance and water
integrity
• SIWI-led WI-MENA program
• Online courses
• Climate change and water
• RICCAR initiative
• Water footprint assessments
• Research collaboration
• http://awarenet.info
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 28

29. ACWUA:
Arab Countries Water
Utilities Association
• Exchange platform since 2009
• Water & Waste Water Utilities in
the Arab Region
• Certification
• Training
• Working Groups
• ˃ 100 utility members
• 4th Arab Water Week:
Dead Sea, Jordan,
19-22 March 2017
• http://www.acwua.org
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 29

30. AFED:
Arab Forum for
Environment and
Development
• NGO for the Arab region
• Regional NGO with member
institutions from regional and
national levels
• Annual reports on state of the
Arab environment, since 2008
• Annual Conference, Oct-Nov
• http://www.afedonline.org
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 30

31. Arab
G-WADI
• since 2011
• Part of UNESCO’s programme
for Water and Development
Information for Arid Lands - a
Global Network (G-WADI)
• Hosted by MRMWR, Oman
• Knowledge and capacity
development on water
resources management
in arid and semi-arid regions
• 25 member institutions
• http://arabgwadi.om
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 31

32. WSTA:
Water Sciences and
Technology Association
• GCC-based NGO
• Members from
six GCC countries
• Water sciences, technologies,
strengthening scientific ties
between GCC water
professionals
• 12th Gulf Water Conference:
Manama, Bahrain,
28-30 March 2017
• http://wstagcc.org
• http://gulfwaterconference.com
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 32

33. MENA NWC:
Middle East and North
Africa Network of Water
Centers of Excellence
• Initially USAID supported
• 23 Member Centers from
MENA countries
• Partners and affiliates from research
and private sector
• Thematic Areas:
• Water efficiency
and productivity
• Groundwater
• Non-conventional water
• Water / energy / food nexus
• Water supply and sanitation
• http://menanwc.org
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 33

34. MENA NWC:
Middle East and North
Africa Network of Water
Centers of Excellence
• Example of R&D cooperation
• High potential for R/D cooperation
with private sector
• Private sector involvemen in R&D in
MENA still in infancy
• http://menanwc.org
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 34
• Radar probing of groundwater
in hyper-arid environments
• Combating emerging impacts
of harmful algae blooms on
desalination
• Drought monitoring
• Expanding access to sanitation
for unserwered communities
• Using green nanoparticles as
biofouling-resistent agent in
RO desalination
• …

35. GAMP:
German-Arab
Master‘s Programmes
• Fünf „Deutsch-Arabische
Masterprogramme“ (GAMP)
• Schwerpunkte:
• Wassermanagement,
• erneuerbare Energie,
• Bildung,
• Wirtschaftsreform und
• Stadtentwicklung
• http://gamp-online.net
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 35

36. GAMP:
German-Arab
Master‘s Programmes
• 403 DAAD-Stipendien
• 287 arabische Studierende
• 116 deutsche Studierende
• Ca. 100 Selbstzahler
• Bereits 338 Absolventen
• Studierende aus 41 Ländern
• 46% Frauenanteil bei DAAD-
Stipendien
• > 90% Studienabschlussrate
• Ausgezeichnete Berufschancen,
Wiedereinstig nach Abschluss:
• ˃ 70% innerhalb von 6 Monaten
• 80% innerhalb von 12 Monaten
• http://gamp-online.net
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 36

37. MSc IWRM MENA:
Integrated Water
Resource Management
• Institute for Technology and
Resources Management in the
Tropics and Subtropics (ITT),
TH Köln (University of Applied
Sciences), Germany
• University of Jordan, Jordan
• 2005-2014 BMZ supported
• 7 intakes
• 88 DAAD scholarships
• 36% Frauenanteil bei DAAD-
Stipendien
• 102 alumni
• http://www.iwrm-master.info
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 37

38. REMENA:
International Master in
Renewable Energy
• Univerität Kassel, Germany
• Cairo University, Egypt
• University of Monastir, Tunisia
• 2008-2015 BMZ supported
• 6 intakes
• 60 DAAD scholarships
• 17% Frauenanteil bei
DAAD-Stipendien
• 74 alumni
• http://www.uni-kassel.de/eecs/remena
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 38

39. agya:
Arab-German Young
Academy of Sciences
and Humanities
• Interdisciplinary research
• Transnational initiatives on
questions of education, science
and academic management
• Science and society
• Early career researchers in
academia and society
• Working group:
Energy, Water and Environment
• BMBF supported
• http://agya.info
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 39

40. SWINDON-MENA:
Sustainable Water
Management in
Developing Countries
• Part of exceed: Excellence Centers for
Exchange and Development
• Global coordination:
TU Braunschweig
• MENA:
Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, Syria
• Capacity building, knowledge transfer,
proposals for sustainable water
management
• Sanitary Engineering, Hydrology,
Hydraulic Engineering, Water Quality,
Waste Management, and Water
Governance
• BMZ and DAAD supported
• http://mena.exceed-swindon.org/
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 40

41. Möglichkeiten für Kooperationen und Zusammenarbeit:
Netzwerke in Deutschland
• German Water Partnership e.V.:
http://www.germanwaterpartnership.de
• Water Science Alliance e.V.:
http://www.watersciencealliance.de
• Euro-Mediterranean-Arab Association (EMA):
http://ema-hamburg.org
• Arab-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry
(Ghorfa) e.V.: http://ghorfa.de
• … and many more
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 41

42. Ausblick
• 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
• 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• 169 Targets, 231 Indicators
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 42

43. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
169 Targets, 231 Indicators
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 43
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org

44. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
169 Targets, 231 Indicators
6.1 … drinking water …
6.2 … sanitation and hygiene …
6.3 … water quality … untreated wastewater … recycling … reuse …
6.4 … water-use efficiency … sustainable withdrawals … water scarcity …
6.5 … integrated water resources management … transboundary cooperation …
6.6 … water-related ecosystems …
6.a … international cooperation … capacity-building …
6.b … participation of local communities …
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 44
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org

45. Resümee
• Vorbereitung ist essenziell
• Wie steht es mit den Rahmenbedingungen für
Investitionen, Engagement?
• Wie steht es um die Wasserressourcen
• in der Zielregion,
• im Zielland?
• Welche potenziellen Partner und Netzwerke gibt es
• in der Region,
• in dem betreffenden Land?
• …
12 May 2016 VDMA Gesprächskreis Corporate Foresight, Seminar PreparednessSlide 45

46. Wasser für die MENA Region –
Bedeutung von Zusammenarbeit und
Netzwerken
Dr. Ralf Klingbeil
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover
ralf.klingbeil@bgr.de , +49 511 643-3301