Quinolones
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This document summarizes quinolones and fluoroquinolones. Quinolones are synthetic antibiotics that are primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria, with newer fluorinated versions also active against gram-positives. Common adverse effects include GI issues, headaches, and tendinitis. Ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed orally and used to treat various bacterial infections. Other fluoroquinolones like norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin have varying spectrums of activity and clinical uses for urinary, respiratory, and other types of infections.
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QUINOLONES.pptx
These are synthetic antimicrobial having a quinolones structure.
These are active against most of the gram negative bacteria.
In 1960s the first membered of this group, Nalidixic acid, was introduced .
Flouroquinolones have:
High potency
Expanded antimicrobial spectrum
Better tissue penetration
Good tolerability profile
Very low resistance development
1. NALIDIXIC ACID
It was the first member in quinolones. It was active against gram negative bacteria. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. It is bacterial in nature.
It is given orally. It attains good concentration in gut, lumen, hence useful in diarrhea.
NALIDIXIC ACID CONTD…
It is most commonly seen in children. And causes neurological toxicity present as headache, drowsiness and vertigo and contraindicated in infants and G6PD deficient patients.
It is given in a dose of 0.5-1g TDS/QID
2. FLUOROQUINOLONES
Fluoroquinolones are quinolones antimicrobials having one or more fluorine substituitions.
The first generation fluoroquinolones have one fluoro substitution and were developed in 1980s.
The second generation fluoroquinolones have additional fluoroquinolones have additional fluoro substitution, which extended the antimicrobial activity and were developed in 1990s.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
The fluoroquinolones inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase in Gram-negative micro-organism and topoisomerase IV in gram positive micro-organism. This lead to the bactericidal effects of fluoroquinolones.
RESISTANCE
The resistance to fluoroquinolones develops when the bacteria produce a DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV which have reduced affinity for fluoroquinolones or the bacteria produce efflux pumps across bacterial memberane which shunt out the fluoroquinolones from the bacterial cells.
CLASSIFICATION
FIRST GENERATION FLOUROQUINOLONES :
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Pefloxacin
SECOND GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES:
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Lomefloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Prulifloxacin
PHARMACOKINETICS
These are given both by oral and intravenous route.
These have good absorption, when given empty stomach and food delays the absorption. These drugs have good tissue penetrability.
These are excreted in urine by glomerular filtration as well as tubular secretion.
INDICATIONS
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Typhoid fever
UTI
Gonorrhoea
Chancroid
Bone, Soft tissue and gynaecological infections
Respiratory infections
Tuberculosis
Gram negative septicemia and meningitis
Conjuctivitis
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS
GI SYSTEM: Nausea, vomiting, bad taste and anorexia
CNS: Headache, anxiety, insomnia, restlessness and impairment of concentrations.
Skin: Rash, photosensitivity
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
They should be used in caution in children as a few cases of joint pain and swelling have been reported and a risk of cartilage damage is suspended.
FIRST GENERATION FLUROQUINOLONES
SECOND GENERATION FLUROQUINOLONES
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Antacids decrease the absorption
Quinolones
Quinolones are synthetic antimicrobials that are primarily active against gram-negative bacteria. They act by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication through blocking the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which prevents DNA from unwinding and duplicating. The first quinolone was nalidixic acid, used to treat urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are derived from nalidixic acid and are classified based on their antimicrobial spectrum. They are commonly used to treat various infections including UTIs, intestinal and respiratory infections, and tuberculosis. Potential side effects include gastrointestinal issues and central nervous system reactions like dizziness.
Quinolone
Pharmacology of quinolone, mechanism of action of quinolone, pharmacokinetics of quinolone, adverse effects of quinolone, uses of quinolone, contra indications of quinolone.
FLUOROQUINOLONES.pptx
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3.ppt
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, and enteric fever. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
3 (1).ppt, Quinolones, Antibiotcs, Pharmacology
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, and enteric fever. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
3.ppt
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, gastrointestinal infections, and respiratory infections. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes. Newer generations have expanded gram-positive and anaerobic coverage. Common indications include respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. Contraindications include prior allergic reactions and QT prolongation risk. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon rupture, and peripheral neuropathy. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended due to limited safety data.
Fluoroquinolones
The document summarizes quinolones and fluoroquinolones. Quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that prevent bacterial DNA from duplicating. Fluoroquinolones are derived from quinolones and have an even broader spectrum. They are classified into generations based on their spectrum, with later generations having increased gram-positive and atypical coverage. Fluoroquinolones are generally well-absorbed, penetrate tissues deeply, and have few drug interactions or side effects, making them preferred drugs. However, their overuse has led to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Fluoroquinolones
The document summarizes quinolones and fluoroquinolones. Quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that prevent bacterial DNA from duplicating. Fluoroquinolones are derived from quinolones and have an even broader spectrum. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, preventing DNA replication. First-generation quinolones targeted gram-negative bacteria, while later generations achieved broader coverage including some gram-positives and atypical bacteria. Fluoroquinolones are well-absorbed orally and penetrate tissues well, making them useful for various infections. However, resistance has emerged through mutations and efflux pumps.
Quinolones
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes. While quinolones like nalidixic acid were the first discovered, fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are more potent and have a broader range of activity. Fluoroquinolones are widely used to treat urinary tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and soft tissue infections. Adverse effects can include gastrointestinal issues and central nervous system effects. Their use is contraindicated in some groups like pregnant women and children. Some fluoroquinolones are being investigated for repurposing as anticancer agents and for
Antibiotics course quinolones
This document provides an overview of quinolones and fluoroquinolones antibiotics. It discusses their mechanism of action, spectrum, dosage, side effects and interactions. Specific drugs like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin are explained in detail. The uses of fluoroquinolones in treating various infections like UTIs, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections and travelers diarrhea are outlined. Practical tips for administration and a rapid review with self-test questions are also provided.
Fluroquinolones 01 01-19
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones (FQs), including their structure, mechanism of action, classification, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications, and unique features. It begins with an introduction to quinolones and how FQs were developed as synthetic fluorinated analogs with an extended spectrum. The document then covers topics such as the structure-activity relationship of FQs, their mechanism of action and resistance, classification into first and second-generation FQs, and the pharmacokinetics and uses of various FQs like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
Quinolones.pptx
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones, including their history, mechanisms of action, classifications, spectra of activity, and examples like ciprofloxacin. It notes that nalidixic acid was the first quinolone introduced in the 1960s but had limited potency. Fluoroquinolones were developed in the 1980s by adding a fluorine group, improving potency and spectra against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Examples discussed include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and newer agents like prulifloxacin and delafloxacin. Adverse effects are generally mild
QUINOLONES.pptx
The document discusses various generations of quinolone antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones. It describes their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity against different bacteria, mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, and comparisons of common fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Specific details are provided on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of these drugs.
Quinolone
1) Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication.
2) First-generation fluoroquinolones like norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are most active against gram-negative bacteria. Later generations have activity against gram-positives and anaerobes as well.
3) Fluoroquinolones are used to treat various bacterial infections including urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, respiratory infections, and skin/soft tissue infections. They achieve high concentrations in tissues and have few drug interactions.
AMA-_Fluoroqinolones.pdf
Pharmacology Lecture Slides on Fluroroquinolones by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
Quinolones
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that act as nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Older quinolones like nalidixic acid have limited utility due to resistance. Newer fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have broad-spectrum activity and are effective orally for many infections with few side effects. Fluoroquinolones target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and have activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are generally well-tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal, central nervous system and joint side effects in some cases. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat urinary tract infections, prostatitis,
Quinolones and fluroquinolones
This document provides an overview of quinolones, a class of antibacterial agents. It discusses the discovery of nalidixic acid, the first quinolone, and the subsequent development of fluoroquinolones. The mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance are described. Various generations of fluoroquinolones are classified and their spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects are summarized. Newer quinolone agents such as finalafloxacin and delafloxacin are also briefly mentioned.
Quinolones
synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure that are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram-positive ones.
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More Related Content
Similar to Quinolones
QUINOLONES.pptx
These are synthetic antimicrobial having a quinolones structure.
These are active against most of the gram negative bacteria.
In 1960s the first membered of this group, Nalidixic acid, was introduced .
Flouroquinolones have:
High potency
Expanded antimicrobial spectrum
Better tissue penetration
Good tolerability profile
Very low resistance development
1. NALIDIXIC ACID
It was the first member in quinolones. It was active against gram negative bacteria. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. It is bacterial in nature.
It is given orally. It attains good concentration in gut, lumen, hence useful in diarrhea.
NALIDIXIC ACID CONTD…
It is most commonly seen in children. And causes neurological toxicity present as headache, drowsiness and vertigo and contraindicated in infants and G6PD deficient patients.
It is given in a dose of 0.5-1g TDS/QID
2. FLUOROQUINOLONES
Fluoroquinolones are quinolones antimicrobials having one or more fluorine substituitions.
The first generation fluoroquinolones have one fluoro substitution and were developed in 1980s.
The second generation fluoroquinolones have additional fluoroquinolones have additional fluoro substitution, which extended the antimicrobial activity and were developed in 1990s.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
The fluoroquinolones inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase in Gram-negative micro-organism and topoisomerase IV in gram positive micro-organism. This lead to the bactericidal effects of fluoroquinolones.
RESISTANCE
The resistance to fluoroquinolones develops when the bacteria produce a DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV which have reduced affinity for fluoroquinolones or the bacteria produce efflux pumps across bacterial memberane which shunt out the fluoroquinolones from the bacterial cells.
CLASSIFICATION
FIRST GENERATION FLOUROQUINOLONES :
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Pefloxacin
SECOND GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES:
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Lomefloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Prulifloxacin
PHARMACOKINETICS
These are given both by oral and intravenous route.
These have good absorption, when given empty stomach and food delays the absorption. These drugs have good tissue penetrability.
These are excreted in urine by glomerular filtration as well as tubular secretion.
INDICATIONS
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Typhoid fever
UTI
Gonorrhoea
Chancroid
Bone, Soft tissue and gynaecological infections
Respiratory infections
Tuberculosis
Gram negative septicemia and meningitis
Conjuctivitis
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS
GI SYSTEM: Nausea, vomiting, bad taste and anorexia
CNS: Headache, anxiety, insomnia, restlessness and impairment of concentrations.
Skin: Rash, photosensitivity
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
They should be used in caution in children as a few cases of joint pain and swelling have been reported and a risk of cartilage damage is suspended.
FIRST GENERATION FLUROQUINOLONES
SECOND GENERATION FLUROQUINOLONES
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Antacids decrease the absorption
Quinolones
Quinolones are synthetic antimicrobials that are primarily active against gram-negative bacteria. They act by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication through blocking the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which prevents DNA from unwinding and duplicating. The first quinolone was nalidixic acid, used to treat urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones are derived from nalidixic acid and are classified based on their antimicrobial spectrum. They are commonly used to treat various infections including UTIs, intestinal and respiratory infections, and tuberculosis. Potential side effects include gastrointestinal issues and central nervous system reactions like dizziness.
Quinolone
Pharmacology of quinolone, mechanism of action of quinolone, pharmacokinetics of quinolone, adverse effects of quinolone, uses of quinolone, contra indications of quinolone.
FLUOROQUINOLONES.pptx
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3.ppt
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, and enteric fever. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
3 (1).ppt, Quinolones, Antibiotcs, Pharmacology
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, and enteric fever. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
3.ppt
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobials that are bactericidal and primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria. Early quinolones like nalidixic acid had narrow spectra and resistance developed rapidly, limiting their utility. Fluoroquinolones overcame these limitations with broader spectra, slower resistance, and better tissue penetration. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication. Common uses include urinary tract infections, prostatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, gastrointestinal infections, and respiratory infections. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon damage, prolongation of the QT interval, and drug interactions.
fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes. Newer generations have expanded gram-positive and anaerobic coverage. Common indications include respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. Contraindications include prior allergic reactions and QT prolongation risk. Adverse effects can include nausea, tendon rupture, and peripheral neuropathy. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended due to limited safety data.
Fluoroquinolones
The document summarizes quinolones and fluoroquinolones. Quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that prevent bacterial DNA from duplicating. Fluoroquinolones are derived from quinolones and have an even broader spectrum. They are classified into generations based on their spectrum, with later generations having increased gram-positive and atypical coverage. Fluoroquinolones are generally well-absorbed, penetrate tissues deeply, and have few drug interactions or side effects, making them preferred drugs. However, their overuse has led to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Fluoroquinolones
The document summarizes quinolones and fluoroquinolones. Quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that prevent bacterial DNA from duplicating. Fluoroquinolones are derived from quinolones and have an even broader spectrum. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, preventing DNA replication. First-generation quinolones targeted gram-negative bacteria, while later generations achieved broader coverage including some gram-positives and atypical bacteria. Fluoroquinolones are well-absorbed orally and penetrate tissues well, making them useful for various infections. However, resistance has emerged through mutations and efflux pumps.
Quinolones
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes. While quinolones like nalidixic acid were the first discovered, fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are more potent and have a broader range of activity. Fluoroquinolones are widely used to treat urinary tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and soft tissue infections. Adverse effects can include gastrointestinal issues and central nervous system effects. Their use is contraindicated in some groups like pregnant women and children. Some fluoroquinolones are being investigated for repurposing as anticancer agents and for
Antibiotics course quinolones
This document provides an overview of quinolones and fluoroquinolones antibiotics. It discusses their mechanism of action, spectrum, dosage, side effects and interactions. Specific drugs like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin are explained in detail. The uses of fluoroquinolones in treating various infections like UTIs, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections and travelers diarrhea are outlined. Practical tips for administration and a rapid review with self-test questions are also provided.
Fluroquinolones 01 01-19
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones (FQs), including their structure, mechanism of action, classification, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications, and unique features. It begins with an introduction to quinolones and how FQs were developed as synthetic fluorinated analogs with an extended spectrum. The document then covers topics such as the structure-activity relationship of FQs, their mechanism of action and resistance, classification into first and second-generation FQs, and the pharmacokinetics and uses of various FQs like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
Quinolones.pptx
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones, including their history, mechanisms of action, classifications, spectra of activity, and examples like ciprofloxacin. It notes that nalidixic acid was the first quinolone introduced in the 1960s but had limited potency. Fluoroquinolones were developed in the 1980s by adding a fluorine group, improving potency and spectra against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Examples discussed include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and newer agents like prulifloxacin and delafloxacin. Adverse effects are generally mild
QUINOLONES.pptx
The document discusses various generations of quinolone antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones. It describes their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity against different bacteria, mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, and comparisons of common fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Specific details are provided on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of these drugs.
Quinolone
1) Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication.
2) First-generation fluoroquinolones like norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are most active against gram-negative bacteria. Later generations have activity against gram-positives and anaerobes as well.
3) Fluoroquinolones are used to treat various bacterial infections including urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, respiratory infections, and skin/soft tissue infections. They achieve high concentrations in tissues and have few drug interactions.
AMA-_Fluoroqinolones.pdf
Pharmacology Lecture Slides on Fluroroquinolones by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
Quinolones
Quinolones are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that act as nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Older quinolones like nalidixic acid have limited utility due to resistance. Newer fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have broad-spectrum activity and are effective orally for many infections with few side effects. Fluoroquinolones target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and have activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are generally well-tolerated but can cause gastrointestinal, central nervous system and joint side effects in some cases. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat urinary tract infections, prostatitis,
Quinolones and fluroquinolones
This document provides an overview of quinolones, a class of antibacterial agents. It discusses the discovery of nalidixic acid, the first quinolone, and the subsequent development of fluoroquinolones. The mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance are described. Various generations of fluoroquinolones are classified and their spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects are summarized. Newer quinolone agents such as finalafloxacin and delafloxacin are also briefly mentioned.
Quinolones
synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure that are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram-positive ones.
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Quinolones
- 2. Quinolones • Synthetic • Quinolone structure • Primarily against gram negative bacteria • Newer fluorinated are gram positive also • First member are Nalidixic acid Adverse effect: G.i upset and rashes frequent Headache, drowsiness, vertigo, visula disturbance • Contraindicated in childrens
- 3. Fluroquinolones • Containing fluorine in their structure. • Classification:
- 5. Ciprofloxacin: • Aerobic gram negative bacilli • Rapidly absorbed in orally Adverse effect: • Tendinitis and tendon rupture • Headache, dizziness and restlessness • Skin hypersensitivity • G.i disturbances Uses: • Gonorrhoea, conjunctivitis, bone,soft tissue and wound infection, Gynaecological infection, respiratory infection, typhoid and Bacterial gastroenteritis.
- 6. Norfloxacin: • Primarily used for urinary and genital infection. • Effective in bacterial diarrhoea. Ofloxacin: • Active against chlamydia and mycoplasma. • Effective against Tuberculosis and M.leprae • Chronic bronchitis, respiratory and ENT infection Levofloxacin: levo isomer • 100% bioavailibility • Both oral and IV • Acquired community pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis Gatifloxacin: • Strep.penumoniae Moxifloxacin: • M.tuberculosis • Bronchitis,sinusitis and ENT infection