A Pearson Correlation analyzes the relationship between two normally distributed variables, while a Partial Correlation controls for a third covariate variable. For example, a Pearson Correlation could analyze the relationship between weight and height using samples, and a Partial Correlation could analyze the same relationship between weight and height while controlling for gender as a covariate.

1. A Pearson Correlation is a problem with two scaled,
normally distributed variables.
A Partial Correlation is a problem with two scaled,
normally distributed variables along with a covariate.
For example – is there a relationship between weight and height?
Weight (pounds) Height (inches)
132 63
158 68
230 74
For example – is there a relationship between weight and height
controlling for gender?
Weight (pounds) Height (inches) Gender
132 63 2
158 68 2
230 74 1