Introduction to Forensic Questioned Document. This further will equip the reader's knowledge of the background on forensics, particularly on examination of disputed documents.
This document discusses questioned document examination, which analyzes documents with suspicious authenticity using scientific methods. It outlines the history and methodology of the field, including the ACE method of analysis, comparison, and evaluation. Common types of questioned documents that may be examined include wills, checks, agreements, receipts, ID cards, licenses, currency notes, and suicide notes.
forensic questioned document examinationkiran malik
Power point presentation basically related to document examination in forensic science laboratories, related various facilities and was related to expert evidences.
Questioned documents are any objects whose authenticity is in doubt, including handwritten or typed documents. Forensic document examination uses scientific analysis to examine questioned documents and provide evidence about their authenticity. Common types of questioned documents include wills, checks, agreements, and passports. Document examiners analyze aspects like handwriting, signatures, paper, ink, printers, and impressions to determine if a document has been altered or forged. This helps determine the legitimacy of documents in legal cases.
This document provides an overview of questioned document examination. It defines key terms like document, questioned document, and forgery. It describes the domains of questioned documents including handwriting examination, signatures, secret writings, and altered documents. It discusses the learning process of handwriting and principles of handwriting analysis. It covers characteristics of handwriting like class and individual traits. It also describes different types of forgeries and techniques for disguise writing. The document outlines best practices for collection, examination, and preservation of evidence.
The document outlines 7 classes of questioned documents that handwriting experts commonly examine:
1) Documents with questioned signatures or thumb impressions like checks or contracts
2) Documents with alleged fraudulent alterations through erasures, additions, or substitutions
3) Holograph documents where the entire authorship is questioned like letters or certificates
4) Documents where the age or date is questioned
5) Documents where the materials used like paper, ink, or typeface are questioned
6) Documents investigated based on typewriting to determine the source, date, or alterations
7) Documents identified through anonymous or disputed handwriting like letters
The expert analyzes each document and compares the questioned areas to standards to
The document discusses various techniques used in handwriting and document analysis. It covers topics such as historical dating of documents, fraud investigation, analysis of paper/ink, techniques for examining forgeries and alterations, and comparing handwriting samples. The core techniques include analyzing characteristics of handwriting style, paper fibers, ink composition, indentations, and marks from copying/printing devices. The goal is to determine the authenticity and origin of questioned documents through scientific examination and comparison with known samples.
1) Manual typewriters produce identifiable characteristics over time such as misaligned or damaged letters that can be used to match documents to a specific machine.
2) Electric typewriters use either a daisy wheel or golf ball to print letters, which deteriorate with use and produce flaws that appear across documents from the same machine.
3) Printers are more difficult to trace to a specific device than typewriters, but laser printers may transfer tiny scratches that offer identifying evidence.
This document discusses questioned document examination, which analyzes documents with suspicious authenticity using scientific methods. It outlines the history and methodology of the field, including the ACE method of analysis, comparison, and evaluation. Common types of questioned documents that may be examined include wills, checks, agreements, receipts, ID cards, licenses, currency notes, and suicide notes.
forensic questioned document examinationkiran malik
Power point presentation basically related to document examination in forensic science laboratories, related various facilities and was related to expert evidences.
Questioned documents are any objects whose authenticity is in doubt, including handwritten or typed documents. Forensic document examination uses scientific analysis to examine questioned documents and provide evidence about their authenticity. Common types of questioned documents include wills, checks, agreements, and passports. Document examiners analyze aspects like handwriting, signatures, paper, ink, printers, and impressions to determine if a document has been altered or forged. This helps determine the legitimacy of documents in legal cases.
This document provides an overview of questioned document examination. It defines key terms like document, questioned document, and forgery. It describes the domains of questioned documents including handwriting examination, signatures, secret writings, and altered documents. It discusses the learning process of handwriting and principles of handwriting analysis. It covers characteristics of handwriting like class and individual traits. It also describes different types of forgeries and techniques for disguise writing. The document outlines best practices for collection, examination, and preservation of evidence.
The document outlines 7 classes of questioned documents that handwriting experts commonly examine:
1) Documents with questioned signatures or thumb impressions like checks or contracts
2) Documents with alleged fraudulent alterations through erasures, additions, or substitutions
3) Holograph documents where the entire authorship is questioned like letters or certificates
4) Documents where the age or date is questioned
5) Documents where the materials used like paper, ink, or typeface are questioned
6) Documents investigated based on typewriting to determine the source, date, or alterations
7) Documents identified through anonymous or disputed handwriting like letters
The expert analyzes each document and compares the questioned areas to standards to
The document discusses various techniques used in handwriting and document analysis. It covers topics such as historical dating of documents, fraud investigation, analysis of paper/ink, techniques for examining forgeries and alterations, and comparing handwriting samples. The core techniques include analyzing characteristics of handwriting style, paper fibers, ink composition, indentations, and marks from copying/printing devices. The goal is to determine the authenticity and origin of questioned documents through scientific examination and comparison with known samples.
1) Manual typewriters produce identifiable characteristics over time such as misaligned or damaged letters that can be used to match documents to a specific machine.
2) Electric typewriters use either a daisy wheel or golf ball to print letters, which deteriorate with use and produce flaws that appear across documents from the same machine.
3) Printers are more difficult to trace to a specific device than typewriters, but laser printers may transfer tiny scratches that offer identifying evidence.
Individual handwriting characteristics are unique to each person and include things like stroke direction and curvature, pen pauses where the pen stops touching the page, pen lifts where the pen is removed from the page, placement of dots, crossings, and punctuation, hesitations seen in vertical or curved lines, embellishments added for style, abbreviations of common letters or words, and distinctive ways of making the cross on "t" and dot on "i". These characteristics are developed unconsciously over time and differ between genuine and forged writing.
This PPT explains you that how a single signature of an individual helps to gain knowledge of Individual's personality,emotions, behaviour etc. It also explains that how to recognize forged signatures.
Shivangi
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow
This document discusses fingerprint classification and provides details on fingerprint patterns including loops, whorls, arches and their variations. It explains the fingerprint classification formula which uses values assigned to fingerprint patterns on each finger to determine the primary, secondary, sub-secondary and final classifications. These classifications allow fingerprints to be systematically categorized and identified.
This document provides an overview of the examination of seal impressions in forensic science. It discusses the different types of stamps and seals, the characteristics of impressions they make, and the examination process forensic document examiners follow. This includes examining the questioned impression under a microscope, comparing it to test impressions made with the known stamp or seal, and looking for defects and features that could indicate a match or non-match. The goal is to determine whether a questioned impression was or was not made by a particular stamp or seal.
Mechanical impressions like those from typewriters, checkwriters, rubber stamps, and seals can be examined to determine features for identification purposes. Typewriter impressions are examined based on measurements of the typeface, size, and defects. Checkwriter impressions consider standard and variable text. Rubber stamp and seal examinations analyze microscopic features, defects, and wear patterns for identification. Equipment like UV light, infrared imaging, lasers, microscopes, and photography are used to aid the examination and comparison of mechanical impressions.
Questioned document analysis examines physical evidence from documents like handwriting, typewriting, photocopies, and ink to determine authenticity or identify forgeries. Characteristics like defects in typewriter parts or marks from printer components can be matched between documents. Security features in currency and documents include microprinting, security threads, and special inks. Forgeries are categorized as traced, simulated, freehand, or lifted depending on the method used. Handwriting analysis examines unique writing habits and patterns to determine authorship.
fingerprint classification systems Henry and NCICKUL2700
This document discusses two fingerprint classification systems - the Henry System and the NCIC System. The Henry System uses symbols written on fingerprint cards to categorize fingerprints into six divisions - primary, secondary, small letter group secondary, sub-secondary, key, and major. The NCIC System uses two-letter or number codes above the fingerprint boxes to classify prints. Both systems aim to facilitate filing and retrieving fingerprint records in manual and electronic databases.
Forensic examination of stamp, seal and other mechanical impressionskiran malik
Document examiners must analyze all physical evidence on documents, including seals, stamps, and other impressions. Impressions can provide important clues, as paper retains impressions well over time. Seals, stamps, and other tools have long been used to authenticate documents by leaving unique impressions in wax, ink, or directly in paper. Characteristics like defects, wear patterns, and individual styles can help determine if a questioned impression originated from a particular physical source like a specific seal or stamp.
Document and handwriting analysis involves examining questioned documents to determine authenticity or identify authors. This includes analyzing handwriting style, ink, paper, and other physical evidence. Experts compare unknown writing samples to known samples and consider characteristics like letter formation, word spacing, pen pressure. Methods are also used to detect alterations to documents through microscopic analysis, light examination, or chemical analysis. Famous forgery cases throughout history provide examples of different forgery techniques analyzed by experts.
The document discusses different types of glass and forensic analysis of glass evidence. It provides information on the physical, optical, and chemical properties of glass that can be analyzed forensically. Specific techniques mentioned include refractive index testing, density determination, microscopic analysis of fractures, and elemental analysis. The document also discusses how analysis of glass evidence can help reconstruct crime scenes and connect suspects to crimes by matching glass fragments.
The document discusses the process of fingerprint evidence being presented in a case. It describes the witnesses and exhibits presented in evidence-in-chief. It then explains the fingerprint expert's discovery of a latent print at the scene, preparation of a contact print, research done using the contact print, and their analysis and conclusion. It also covers potential cross-examination questions such as how the accused's fingerprints were taken and warns prosecutors to avoid inadvertently disclosing an accused's previous bad character when presenting fingerprint evidence.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
This document provides an overview of examining questioned documents. It discusses examining the paper, ink, writing, stamps, and other features for signs of alteration, addition, or substitution that could indicate a forgery. Features like wire marks, watermarks, erasures, folds, and impressions are analyzed. The goal is to determine if a document's origin, appearance, content, or circumstances raise suspicions about its authenticity by comparing its characteristics. A variety of tools like magnifying glasses, photography, and light analysis can be used to carefully examine documents for any anomalies.
introductory information related to the field of firearms identification; the evidences, the principles involeved in their examination and the categories of guns.
Alteration is defined as any change to a document which gives it a different effect from
that it originally possessed. If change is made after execution of a document and without
the consent of the other party or concerned person, then such change is called fraudulent
alteration. Document examiners must be able to identify documents that were altered to change the conditions of a contract or other legal entity.
Alterations can take the form of erasures and replacement and/or insertion of material into a document.
Gunshot residue, forensic analysis and interpretation ppt 03SURYAKANT MISHRA
This presentation contains all about the forensic analysis of gunshot residue, basics of GSR formation, tracing methods, collection and examination methods.
The document discusses standards required for handwriting comparisons. It states that collected standards, which are genuine documents written naturally, are preferred over request standards which are written at the request of investigators. It provides guidance on obtaining adequate samples, including getting 20-25 signatures or 4-5 handwritten pages and samples within 2-3 years unless health has changed. When getting request standards, the writer should be dictated to, the writing conditions duplicated, and the questioned writing kept isolated to avoid influencing the samples.
This document discusses different types of forgery including:
1. Free hand forgery which involves copying a model signature without direct tracing.
2. Transplantation forgery which is transferring a signature or image from one document to another, often using computers or photocopying to commit fraud.
3. Forgery over a genuine signature which alters an original document signed legitimately to deceive the signer, such as changing amounts on a check.
Detection methods include examining paper fibers, ink, handwriting style, and instrument marks to determine if a signature or document has been tampered with or forged. Forensic analysis plays an important role in uncovering forgery attempts.
This document discusses various types of disputed documents that may be examined by forensic document examiners. It describes questioned documents as any material containing marks intended to communicate a message that is potentially disputed in court. Forensic document examiners use scientific methods to examine questioned documents to determine their authenticity, identify alterations, and attribute handwriting or machine printing to help resolve legal disputes.
This document provides an overview of forensic document examination. It discusses the role of a forensic document examiner, the types of examinations they conduct, and several past and ongoing cases. The Albert Osborn and Lindbergh Baby case is discussed as establishing the field. Current cases mentioned include the Casey Anthony trial, where a heart-shaped sticker was found but then not seen later, and the ongoing Gabrielle Giffords case where handwriting analysis is being requested. The document also outlines the training, skills, and protocols used in comparing documents and specimens.
Individual handwriting characteristics are unique to each person and include things like stroke direction and curvature, pen pauses where the pen stops touching the page, pen lifts where the pen is removed from the page, placement of dots, crossings, and punctuation, hesitations seen in vertical or curved lines, embellishments added for style, abbreviations of common letters or words, and distinctive ways of making the cross on "t" and dot on "i". These characteristics are developed unconsciously over time and differ between genuine and forged writing.
This PPT explains you that how a single signature of an individual helps to gain knowledge of Individual's personality,emotions, behaviour etc. It also explains that how to recognize forged signatures.
Shivangi
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow
This document discusses fingerprint classification and provides details on fingerprint patterns including loops, whorls, arches and their variations. It explains the fingerprint classification formula which uses values assigned to fingerprint patterns on each finger to determine the primary, secondary, sub-secondary and final classifications. These classifications allow fingerprints to be systematically categorized and identified.
This document provides an overview of the examination of seal impressions in forensic science. It discusses the different types of stamps and seals, the characteristics of impressions they make, and the examination process forensic document examiners follow. This includes examining the questioned impression under a microscope, comparing it to test impressions made with the known stamp or seal, and looking for defects and features that could indicate a match or non-match. The goal is to determine whether a questioned impression was or was not made by a particular stamp or seal.
Mechanical impressions like those from typewriters, checkwriters, rubber stamps, and seals can be examined to determine features for identification purposes. Typewriter impressions are examined based on measurements of the typeface, size, and defects. Checkwriter impressions consider standard and variable text. Rubber stamp and seal examinations analyze microscopic features, defects, and wear patterns for identification. Equipment like UV light, infrared imaging, lasers, microscopes, and photography are used to aid the examination and comparison of mechanical impressions.
Questioned document analysis examines physical evidence from documents like handwriting, typewriting, photocopies, and ink to determine authenticity or identify forgeries. Characteristics like defects in typewriter parts or marks from printer components can be matched between documents. Security features in currency and documents include microprinting, security threads, and special inks. Forgeries are categorized as traced, simulated, freehand, or lifted depending on the method used. Handwriting analysis examines unique writing habits and patterns to determine authorship.
fingerprint classification systems Henry and NCICKUL2700
This document discusses two fingerprint classification systems - the Henry System and the NCIC System. The Henry System uses symbols written on fingerprint cards to categorize fingerprints into six divisions - primary, secondary, small letter group secondary, sub-secondary, key, and major. The NCIC System uses two-letter or number codes above the fingerprint boxes to classify prints. Both systems aim to facilitate filing and retrieving fingerprint records in manual and electronic databases.
Forensic examination of stamp, seal and other mechanical impressionskiran malik
Document examiners must analyze all physical evidence on documents, including seals, stamps, and other impressions. Impressions can provide important clues, as paper retains impressions well over time. Seals, stamps, and other tools have long been used to authenticate documents by leaving unique impressions in wax, ink, or directly in paper. Characteristics like defects, wear patterns, and individual styles can help determine if a questioned impression originated from a particular physical source like a specific seal or stamp.
Document and handwriting analysis involves examining questioned documents to determine authenticity or identify authors. This includes analyzing handwriting style, ink, paper, and other physical evidence. Experts compare unknown writing samples to known samples and consider characteristics like letter formation, word spacing, pen pressure. Methods are also used to detect alterations to documents through microscopic analysis, light examination, or chemical analysis. Famous forgery cases throughout history provide examples of different forgery techniques analyzed by experts.
The document discusses different types of glass and forensic analysis of glass evidence. It provides information on the physical, optical, and chemical properties of glass that can be analyzed forensically. Specific techniques mentioned include refractive index testing, density determination, microscopic analysis of fractures, and elemental analysis. The document also discusses how analysis of glass evidence can help reconstruct crime scenes and connect suspects to crimes by matching glass fragments.
The document discusses the process of fingerprint evidence being presented in a case. It describes the witnesses and exhibits presented in evidence-in-chief. It then explains the fingerprint expert's discovery of a latent print at the scene, preparation of a contact print, research done using the contact print, and their analysis and conclusion. It also covers potential cross-examination questions such as how the accused's fingerprints were taken and warns prosecutors to avoid inadvertently disclosing an accused's previous bad character when presenting fingerprint evidence.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
This document provides an overview of examining questioned documents. It discusses examining the paper, ink, writing, stamps, and other features for signs of alteration, addition, or substitution that could indicate a forgery. Features like wire marks, watermarks, erasures, folds, and impressions are analyzed. The goal is to determine if a document's origin, appearance, content, or circumstances raise suspicions about its authenticity by comparing its characteristics. A variety of tools like magnifying glasses, photography, and light analysis can be used to carefully examine documents for any anomalies.
introductory information related to the field of firearms identification; the evidences, the principles involeved in their examination and the categories of guns.
Alteration is defined as any change to a document which gives it a different effect from
that it originally possessed. If change is made after execution of a document and without
the consent of the other party or concerned person, then such change is called fraudulent
alteration. Document examiners must be able to identify documents that were altered to change the conditions of a contract or other legal entity.
Alterations can take the form of erasures and replacement and/or insertion of material into a document.
Gunshot residue, forensic analysis and interpretation ppt 03SURYAKANT MISHRA
This presentation contains all about the forensic analysis of gunshot residue, basics of GSR formation, tracing methods, collection and examination methods.
The document discusses standards required for handwriting comparisons. It states that collected standards, which are genuine documents written naturally, are preferred over request standards which are written at the request of investigators. It provides guidance on obtaining adequate samples, including getting 20-25 signatures or 4-5 handwritten pages and samples within 2-3 years unless health has changed. When getting request standards, the writer should be dictated to, the writing conditions duplicated, and the questioned writing kept isolated to avoid influencing the samples.
This document discusses different types of forgery including:
1. Free hand forgery which involves copying a model signature without direct tracing.
2. Transplantation forgery which is transferring a signature or image from one document to another, often using computers or photocopying to commit fraud.
3. Forgery over a genuine signature which alters an original document signed legitimately to deceive the signer, such as changing amounts on a check.
Detection methods include examining paper fibers, ink, handwriting style, and instrument marks to determine if a signature or document has been tampered with or forged. Forensic analysis plays an important role in uncovering forgery attempts.
This document discusses various types of disputed documents that may be examined by forensic document examiners. It describes questioned documents as any material containing marks intended to communicate a message that is potentially disputed in court. Forensic document examiners use scientific methods to examine questioned documents to determine their authenticity, identify alterations, and attribute handwriting or machine printing to help resolve legal disputes.
This document provides an overview of forensic document examination. It discusses the role of a forensic document examiner, the types of examinations they conduct, and several past and ongoing cases. The Albert Osborn and Lindbergh Baby case is discussed as establishing the field. Current cases mentioned include the Casey Anthony trial, where a heart-shaped sticker was found but then not seen later, and the ongoing Gabrielle Giffords case where handwriting analysis is being requested. The document also outlines the training, skills, and protocols used in comparing documents and specimens.
This document discusses the history and role of forensic document examination. It provides background on key cases that helped establish the field, such as the Lindbergh baby case which increased the professionalization of document examination. The document also summarizes the Casey Anthony trial, where an FBI examiner testified that she did not find evidence of a heart-shaped sticker on duct tape alleged to be the murder weapon, contradicting earlier testimony. This raised doubts about prosecutors' suggestions that the killer adorned the tape. Finally, it mentions the examiner's training involves topics like security features, handwriting analysis, and detecting alterations.
This document provides an overview of forensic handwriting analysis and its use in criminal investigations. It discusses how handwriting is unique to individuals and can be used as evidence. Examples are given of historic cases where handwriting analysis helped identify criminals, such as the Lindbergh kidnapping. The document also outlines the process of handwriting examination and discusses organizations and standards in the field of forensic document examination.
The document discusses questioned documents and provides definitions and examples of different types of questioned documents. It covers two levels of information that can be obtained from documents - superficial and deeper evidence. It also lists different types of evidence that can be analyzed, including identifying the author, determining authenticity, and establishing the age. The document then gives a brief history of the field and discusses various tools and techniques used in document analysis, such as ultraviolet light, infrared examination, video spectral comparator, and electrostatic detection apparatus.
The document discusses questioned documents and provides definitions and examples of different types of questioned documents. It covers two levels of information that can be obtained from documents - superficial and deeper evidence. It also lists different types of evidence that can be analyzed from documents, including identifying the author or determining authenticity. The document provides a brief history of the field and discusses tools and techniques used in analysis, such as ultraviolet light, infrared examination, video spectral comparator, and electrostatic detection apparatus.
Introduction to question documents.pptxtAryaThampi9
This document provides an overview of questioned documents and their examination. It defines a questioned document as one whose authenticity or origin is doubtful. The document discusses various types of questioned documents including those with altered text, questioned signatures, age disputes, and anonymous letters. It outlines the preliminary examination process for questioned documents, noting factors like paper folds, ink, and handwriting analysis. The document emphasizes the importance of carefully handling and preserving questioned documents to avoid altering evidential value.
This document defines key terms related to questioned document examination. It explains that a document becomes questioned when aspects of its authenticity are under scrutiny. Questioned documents can be disputed or not disputed. The examination of questioned documents involves both criminalistic examination to detect forgeries and alterations, as well as handwriting identification to determine authorship, which requires extensive study and experience. The scientific process involves analyzing, comparing, and evaluating characteristics and properties between questioned and known documents.
This document provides an overview of questioned document examination. It defines what constitutes a document and how a document can become questioned or disputed. There are two broad classes of questioned document examination: criminalistic examination to detect forgeries and alterations, and handwriting identification to determine authorship. The document outlines various processes used in the scientific examination of questioned documents, including analysis, comparison, and evaluation. It also describes different types of questioned documents that may be examined, such as documents with questioned signatures, documents with alleged alterations, and handwriting-questioned documents. Finally, it lists various instruments that are used in questioned document examination, such as magnifying lenses, microscopes, and cameras.
This document discusses the nature and scope of questioned document examination. It defines questioned documents as any document whose authenticity or authorship is in doubt. Common questioned documents include checks, wills, contracts, and letters. The analysis of questioned documents involves examining the document and comparing similarities and differences to known samples to determine if they were produced by the same source. Handwriting analysis is an important part of document examination, as handwriting is unique to each individual. Experts analyze handwriting traits and compare questioned documents to handwriting exemplars. Forgery and counterfeiting are also discussed, as are security features used to prevent fraudulent reproduction of documents like checks and currency.
This document discusses the examination of questioned documents. It defines a questioned document as one where the authenticity has been challenged, such as two conflicting wills. Questioned documents can take many forms, including receipts, tickets, wills, and examination papers. The document examiner seeks to determine the document's origin, production source, production process, inscription details, changes made, integrity (whether genuine or forged), and legitimacy as an original or reproduction through technical and scientific examination processes. The goal is to determine the document's history and provide forensic evidence in legal cases.
The history of document examination began in 1792 in England when specially-qualified witnesses were first allowed to testify solely based on direct comparison of disputed documents to known standards. However, the practice was not consistently accepted until the 1800s. By the early 1900s, document examination had developed into a distinct discipline, led by figures like Albert Osborn. Throughout the 1900s, the field adapted to changes in writing tools and the growing electronic age. Today, document examination is recognized as a scientific field, with experts analyzing various physical evidence using specialized equipment and knowledge of the history and techniques of forgery.
REVIEWER IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION.pptxRandyPellazar
This document provides an overview of different types of documents that may be examined by a questioned document examiner, including public documents, official documents, private documents, commercial documents, and questioned or disputed documents. It discusses signatures, different types of forgeries (simple, simulated, traced), and examines physiological factors and characteristics related to handwriting identification. Key areas covered include the development of handwriting, writing movements, recognizing characteristics like slant, size, proportion, connections between letters, and variations. The document also discusses factors examined in questioned documents like alterations, erasures, and identification through handwriting analysis and comparison to known standards.
This is the presentation to Second Life Genealogists Book Club for The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy on Probate, Chapter 15 and Wills, Chapter 16.
Primary sources are actual records from the past that provide firsthand accounts, including published documents like books and newspapers as well as unpublished documents like letters and diaries. Visual documents and oral histories are also primary sources. Secondary sources are accounts created after the event by people not directly involved, drawing on primary sources and evidence from the time. When analyzing sources, historians consider how close in time and place the source is to the event, as more direct sources are generally more reliable. All sources have some bias, so multiple sources must be evaluated and compared.
This document provides an overview of the history and key figures in the field of questioned document examination. It discusses important cases that helped establish the field and define scientific methods. The document outlines ten influential personalities in questioned document examination, including Albert Sherman Osborn who is considered the founder of the field. It also summarizes four famous cases involving disputed documents, including the John Magnuson bombing case from 1922, the Arthur Perry murder case from 1937, the Hitler Diaries fraud from 1981, and the Graham Backhouse attempted murder case from 1984.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
2. What is a Document?
It is any material, which contains marks, signs, or symbols, which is visible, partially visible or
invisible that may presently or ultimately convey a meaning or message to someone.
A document becomes questioned document when it is being questioned as to its originality,
authenticity, authorship, source and genuineness and it is placed under scrutiny to determine
whether or not it is disputed.
A document may be broadly defined as anything that bears marks, signs, or symbols which have
meaning or conveys a message to someone.
3. What is a Questioned Document?
•It is any document about which some issue has been raised or place under scrutiny. It is a document that has
been questioned in whole or in part with respect to its authenticity or identity or origin, or its relation among its
parts and to other things.
•A questioned document is one in which a document in its entirety, or in part, is subject to question as to
authenticity and/or origin.
•Any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other marks whose source or authenticity is in dispute or is doubtful.
•Can also include writings found on walls, windows, doors, mirrors, glass, etc
•Examiner gains knowledge from training and years of experience
•Like fingerprints there is no set criterion for points of match.
4. What is a Questioned Document Examination?
It is a profession that started since 1870, and frequently is found in cases of forgery, counterfeiting, mail fraud, kidnapping, con
games, embezzlement, gambling, organized crime, white collar crime, art crime, theft, robbery, arson, burglary, homicide, ser ial
murder, psychological profiling, and deviant sex crime.
Questioned document examination involves the analysis and comparison of questioned documents with known material in order
to identify, whenever possible, the author or origin of the questioned document.
Involves the examination of handwriting, ink, paper, etc., to ascertain source or authenticity. Examples include letters, checks,
licenses, contracts, wills, passports.
Investigations include verification; authentication; characterizing papers, pigments, and inks.
The application of allied sciences and analytical techniques to questions concerning documents is termed forensic document
examination.The examination of questioned documents consists of the analysis and comparison of questioned handwriting, hand
printing, typewriting, commercial printing, photocopies, papers, inks, and other documentary evidence with known material in
order to establish the authenticity of the contested material as well as the detection of alterations.
Is a form of forensic science that includes the analysis of handwriting as well as the detection of forged documents such as
passports.
5. Scope of Questioned Document Examination
• Identification of a document as a forgery
• Identification of handwriting and signatures
• Identification of typewriters, check writers, and photocopies
6. • Detection of alterations, additions, deletions, or substitutions
• Deciphering alterations and erasures
• Identification and deciphering of indented writing
• Comparisons of inks and identification of type of writing instrument
7. Classes of Questioned Documents
• Documents with questioned signatures;
• Documents containing alleged fraudulent alterations;
• Holograph documents;
• Documents questioned as to their age or date;
8. • Documents questioned as to the material used in their production;
• Documents involving typewriting and are investigated or examined for purposes of determining their source
and date, whether or not it contains fraudulent alterations or substituted pages;
• Document’s which may identify a person through handwriting;
• Genuine documents erroneously and fraudulently attacked or disputed;
9. Classes of Disputed Signatures
• Simple or Spurious
• Copied or simulated forgery
• Traced forgery;
10. • Forged signature of fictitious persons;
• Genuine signature that the writer is honestly unwilling to accept as genuine;
11. • Genuine signature obtained by trickery;
• Genuine signature deliberately written illegibly or in an unusual manner to avoid identification.
12. Related Fields
1.Historical dating—the verification of age and value of a document or object
2.Fraud investigation—focuses on the money trail and criminal intent
3.Paper and ink specialists—date, type, source, and/or catalog various types of paper,
watermarks, ink, printing/copy/fax machines, computer cartridges
4.Forgery specialists—analyze altered, obliterated, changed, or doctored documents
and photos
5.Typewriting analysts—determine origin, make, and model
6.Computer crime investigators—investigate cybercrime
22. HISTORICAL AND FAMOUS CASES IN Questioned Documents
Questions about the legitimacy of documents are probably as old as documents themselves. Here are
some interesting cases in questioned document history:
In 1795 a Mr. Ireland brought forward what he claimed to be a new version of "Kynge Leare" which was
allegedly written by William Shakespeare himself. In 1796, Edward Malone published a refutation of this
document. Mr. Malone had discovered that the questioned manuscript contained pages with twenty
different watermarks. He reasoned that an author of Shakespeare's caliber who was also famous and
affluent at the time Lear was written, would have gone to a paper-maker and secured as much paper of
one type as was needed for his work. But someone who wanted to forge an Elizabethan play 200 years
later would ferret out such scraps of old paper as he could - from the flyleaves and blank pages of old
manuscripts. Indeed, in 1805 the forger wrote his confession and admitted that he had done exactly that.
He had paid a bookseller to let him cut out blank pages from the older volumes in his shop.
Many questioned document cases are proven on evidence other than handwriting examination. For
example, in 1928 there was a famous case known as the Duke "Lost Heirs Case" which was tried in
Somerville, NJ. A family Bible was introduced inscribed with the birth dates of children of the family.The
mother claimed that she wrote the dates in the Bible shortly after the birth of the children in 1887 and
1889. However, careful examination of the Bible itself showed that it was copyrighted in 1890, invalidating
the timing claimed by the mother.
A document examiner must be relentlessly thorough in considering all aspects of a document. In the
1920's the Oliver Will case was tried in White Plains, NewYork. The question revolved around the date on
which the will was written. A legal form which had the date and name and address of its printer at the top
was used for the will, but a piece of the document which showed the date had been torn away. There were
two possibilities for the date of the form - January 8, 1924, or October 8, 1924.The date of the alleged will
was September 20, 1924, so the only form that could have been used was the one printed earlier in the
year. Upon close examination it was found that in tearing away the dated portion of the form, the tail of
the comma in the address was still visible, and the position on the paper of that comma tail proved that
the form could not have been the January 8th form.The questioned will was therefore written on a form
that did not exist on the date it was allegedly prepared.
23. Another in early in 1972 a Federal Grand Jury heard the testimony of a Questioned
Document Examiner from the Crime Laboratory of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service
regarding questioned documents allegedly written by Howard R. Hughes. In these
documents permission was granted for a biography of Mr. Hughes to be written by
Clifford Irving. Mr. Irving had used these questioned documents to convince the editors of
McGraw-Hill Book Co. and Life Magazine that he had a deal with Mr. Hughes - an
allegation hotly contested by Howard Hughes when he learned of it.
The testimony of the experts from the Postal Inspection Service was that the questioned
documents were not written by Mr. Hughes. Often in forgery cases it is possible to
conclude that the alleged author of a document did not do the writing, but it is more
difficult to conclude that a particular person did do it. This is because the writing habits of
the forger will often be buried in the attempt to simulate the pictoral look and style of the
"target" writing. However, in this case, there was a large amount of writing in question.
Mr. Irving had even had "Mr. Hughes" write a letter to the editors of Mc-Graw Hill to
validate his agreement with Mr. Irving.The volume of questioned writing was enough that
Mr. Irving was not able to keep up his "disguise" and his own individual writing
characteristics showed through the veneer of the simulated "Hughes" writing.
24. An Expert’s Testimony as a Questioned Document Examiner
My own first brush with famous documents came with a case in 1992. I was asked to verify the authenticity
of an alleged original copy of The Declaration of Independence. An elderly Southern gentleman had
purchased an old trunk and found this document with its contents. He was quite insistent that I travel to his
home to see the document, and I prepared myself to do so. He was not willing to send me a photocopy, and
I was not sure whether the answer to the problem would come from handwriting evidence, paper or ink
analysis, or historical information, so I gathered information on all of the above. From the history
department at a local University I learned about the various stages of preparation of the famous document.
There were "broadsides" printed and posted before the actual document was signed, and various copies
prepared on different dates were signed in stages by the Representatives.There were slight changes in
wording in some editions of the document. There were also commemorative editions of the Declaration
printed in various formats in the years just after the Revolution. Actually, there are still such editions
printed today. I hoped that by understanding the history of the actual document, I could look at the
questioned document and make some preliminary decisions about it.
I am neither an ink nor paper chemist, and I did some networking to locate such experts who would be
willing to work with me if my preliminary examination indicated that the document had a chance of being
authentic. I also spoke with archivists who helped me secure additional comparison signatures of the
people whose names I expected to see signed on the document. When the time for the trip came, I felt as
prepared as possible to do at least a preliminary investigation and then to route the document to additional
experts for non-destructive testing.
I reached my destination via plane and rental car, checked into a hotel, and arranged to meet with my
client. This document had become a focal point of the lives of this man and his family. If it were genuine it
would have great value, and there was a question of pride involved as well. Unfortunately, it did not take
long for me to shatter their fondest hopes. A careful look through the microscope revealed that the
printing process used on the document was not available in the late 1700's. The signatures were not done
individually in ink as the owner of the document had insisted they were. My final conclusion, which was
later borne out by a paper expert, was that at best the document was one of many sets printed
commemoratively in 1876 at the Centennial celebration of the Revolution. This would set its value at
approximately $100.00 according to a consultant at a famous auction house. My client was very
disappointed, but glad to have the matter resolved. I was also disappointed, but not surprised. I was glad to
have had the impetus to learn more about American history and to feel close to it for a brief time.
25. On Labor Day weekend, 2004, I was asked by a producer at the CBS Television program 60 Minutes, to examine
some sensitive documents for possible use on an upcoming program. After reaching agreement on the fee, time-
frame, and parameters, I learned that the documents involved the National Guard records of President George
Bush, who was running for re-election at that time.
The documents arrived on Sunday, via courier. They were copied and faxed documents, and the reproduction
quality was poor. I found several potential problems with the questioned signatures of Jerry Killian, and with the
printed characters and formatting in terms of their alleged dates in the early 1970's. I prepared an illustrated
comparison of the known and questioned handwriting and emailed it to the producer. I researched the machine
printed characteristics I had noted to learn more about their earliest date of production. Sunday afternoon I
discussed my observations with the 60 Minutes producer, and explained that the questions I had could not be
answered from the poor quality reproductions available, and that without "positive" resolution of those questions
it would not be possible to support the documents. I also suggested a typwriter expert who could be consulted for
more information on the issue of typewriter chronology.The producer indicated that more documents would be
available in the next 24 hours, and that they would be sent to me.
The program was scheduled to air on Wednesday, September 8. Having received no additional documents and no
further communication from CBS by the evening of the 7th, I phoned the producer and restated my concerns about
the documents. I learned that the episode was going forward, and I expressed the opinion that if the documents
were presented as authentic, that all of the questions I was raising were going to be raised by other document
examiners immediately after the program.This is exactly what happened. What I did not forsee was all of the
commentary that would come from "the blogosphere."
For 10 days after the broadcast, 60 Minutes continued to defend the documents, and to imply that they had
thoroughly vetted the documents with various document examiners. Eventually I was directly asked by a reporter
at ABC Television whether I had seen the documents. I explained my participation to the reporter, which led to
further explaining it on national television. When the dust settled, and an independent investigation was ordered, I
explained it yet again to the investigators.
From a document examiner's point of view, the lessons to be learned from this experience are:
1. Poor quality documents lack the detail necessary to reach a reliable opinion.
2. The burden of proof is usually on the proponent of a document. A journalist relying
on a document in an investigative report should have the answers to any reasonable
questions about the handwriting/machine printing of that document.