1. 1. What is knitting?
Knitting is a method by which thread or yarn may be turned into cloth or other fine crafts. Knitted
fabric consists of consecutive loops, called stitches. As each row progresses, a new loop is pulled
through an existing loop. The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop can be passed
through them. This process eventually results in a final product, often a garment.
Knitting may be done by hand or by machine. There exist numerous styles and methods of hand
knitting.
Different yarns and knitting needles may be used to achieve different end products by giving the
final piece a different colour, texture, weight, or integrity. Using needles of varying sharpness
and thickness as well as different varieties of yarn can also change the effect.
2. Classification of knit Structure.
3. Classification between Hand driven & power driven machine.
4. Advantage & disadvantage of fully fashioning.
5. Identification of Fiber.
6. Various types of textile yarn. Yarn properties.
7. Different between circular & flat bed machine.
8. Difference between wool & acrylic.
9. Yarn production process of wool & acrylic manufacturer.
10.Production sequence of a fully fashion Knitwear (Sweater).
11.Calculation of production wastage for sweater.
12.Different types of stitches /design eased in fully fashion knitwear.
13.What is Knit Structure /fabric notification?
14.Process analysis / process break down of fully fashion knitwear.
15.Identification of different fancy stitches. Knitwear style analysis.
16.Fashioning (Design Chart) calculation.
17.Calculating yarn consumption for fully fashion knitwear.
18.Calculating costing (pricing) for fully fashion knitwear.

2. 19.What is incoterms?
20.Manufacturing cost (CM) of sweater.
21.Merchandising techniques of fully fashioned knitwear.
DEMYSTIFYING NEEDLE SIZE, GAUGE, AND YARN
1. What is knitting gauge?
Knitting gauge refers to the number of stitches and rows in a given area of knitting. To obtain the
correct measurements for a garment, you need to obtain the exact number of stitches and rows
stated in your pattern. The needle size indicated in the pattern is the one which most knitters will
use to achieve this gauge with the recommended yarn. Remember however that every knitter
knits a little differently and sometimes, even the type of needles, e.g., plastic, wooden, bamboo,
or metal, you use can effect your gauge. Remember, it’s the knitting gauge that you are trying to
achieve, not the needle size.
2. Yarn weight? Isn’t all yarn the same? Huh?
Yarn comes in different fibers, fiber combinations, and weights. Yarn is classified by weight—the
thickness of the strand of yarn, not the number of plies. Yarn is generally classified as Bulky,
Worsted, Sport, and Baby/Sock weights with corresponding gauges. Typically, Bulky weight yarn
is 3 to 4 stitches per inch; Worsted weight yarn is 4-1/2 to 5 stitches per inch; Sport weight yarn is
5-1/2 to 6 stitches per inch; and Baby/Sock weight yarn is 7 to 8 stitches per inch. (The Craft Yarn
Council of America, a trade association of yarn manufacturers, publishers, and guilds, is
developing a set of yarn standards for the industry which will be finalized in 2003.)
When purchasing yarn for a project, check the yarn label or band for the recommended stitch
gauge and compare it with the stitch gauge specified by your pattern instructions. When the
gauges match, you’ve selected a yarn that will most likely produce desirable results when the
stitch gauge specified in the pattern instructions is obtained.
3. What needles should I use?
Knitting needles are made in various sizes and lengths. Pattern instructions typically give the
size and type of needle required. It is not advisable to change the size unless you find it
necessary in order to obtain the correct gauge.
Straight needles are used when working back and forth in rows. They come in lengths of 10, 12,
and 14 inches and in sizes 0-1-2-3-4-5-6-etc. The larger the number for the needle, the larger the
size stitches that are created. Double pointed needles come in sets of four or five. They are
used for socks, mittens, and any articles made in rounds. Circular needles are used in making
seamless sweaters, skirts, or parts of garments when a seam is not desired.
4. How do I know what my gauge is?
Make a gauge sample starting with the needle size suggested on your yarn label or band. Cast
on enough stitches to work a sample at least 5 inches in width. Work in stockinette stitch or in the
stitch pattern specified in your pattern instructions for 4 to 5 inches. Break the yarn and thread it
through the stitches and slip them off your needle. Do not bind off or measure your sample while
it is still on the needles -- sometimes this distorts the stitches and the sample’s fabric.

3. For your stitch gauge, take a ruler and align it along the left side of a column of stitches in the
center portion of your gauge sample. Measure horizontally across by counting the number of
stitches across two or four inches. Is the number of stitches per inch exactly the same as the
stitch gauge specified in your pattern instructions?
For your row gauge, count the number of rows along two or four inches vertically down the center
of the sample’s fabric. Typically, obtaining your row gauge is less important than obtaining the
exact stitch gauge since lengthwise portion of garments are usually given as a measurement.
Provided by Capital Crocheters & Knitters, Inc., 2003 Page 2 of 2
5. Yikes! My gauge doesn’t match that specified in the pattern. Now, what?
If you have more stitches than your pattern instructions require then, your knitting is too tight and
you need to adjust to larger sized needles. Work another gauge sample using the larger sized
needles and take another measurement.
If you have fewer stitches than your pattern instructions require then, your knitting is too loose
and you need to adjust to smaller sized needles. Work another gauge sample using the smaller
sized needles and take another measurement.
Keep adjusting your needle size until you’ve achieved the gauge specified in your pattern
instructions. In general, changing your needle by 2 sizes adjusts your gauge by 1 stitch. When
you’ve obtained the gauge specified in your pattern instructions, write down your needle size you
used for reference.