Quantum information technology
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This document discusses several topics related to quantum information technology and quantum computing: - It describes how a double quantum dot qubit works using electron states and how current tunneling can show interference. - It explains that lower temperatures result in higher coherence times for qubits like double electron gallium arsenide qubits due to less electron-phonon coupling and dephasing. - It discusses how error correction works in quantum computing by encoding logical qubits across multiple physical qubits to reduce error probabilities. Hardware-based error correction like Toffoli gates may be needed for larger quantum computers. - Long-term quantum information storage over 180 seconds is demonstrated using donor spin qubits in silicon, where electron and nuclear spins are
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Research carried out at Laboratoire de Génie Electrique Génie et Electronique de Paris (GeePs) - UMR 8507 CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Sud (Paris XI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI).
An Introduction to Quantum computing
Quantum Computing: Fundamentals (Superposition, interference, entanglement), Applications(Materials, medical, teleportation, data modeling, finance), and Challenges(scalability, decoherence, fault tolerance ).
322253456-NANOELECTRONICS-ppt of engineering
This document discusses nanoelectronics and single electron transistors. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology and nanoelectronics, which generally refers to semiconductor devices at the nanoscale. It then describes single electron transistors, which use controlled electron tunneling to amplify current or measure single electron movement. SETs have two tunnel junctions that create a Coulomb island, and electrons can only enter by tunneling through the junctions. SETs have potential applications as supersensitive electrometers, in temperature and current standards, and for voltage/charge state logic. However, challenges remain around lithography techniques, background charge, co-tunneling, and operating at room temperature before SETs can be incorporated into practical devices.
Efficient methods for accurately calculating thermoelectric properties – elec...
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3) These new efficient methods enable high-throughput screening of thermoelectric materials by providing accurate transport properties while being computationally feasible for large numbers of materials.
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Quantum information technology
- 2. n = p × q p and q Prime Number Calculate p and q given only n. 2048 bit number takes 10¹¹ years versus a under a second for QC. Is Quantum Computing (QC) Faster?
- 3. Qubit Dephasing by Landau- Zener Interferometry •Double Quantum Dot qubit with electron states (1, 0) → (1, 1) ↔ (2, 0) → (1, 0). •S singlet state with 1 in electron in each quantum dot or 2 in 1 and 0 in the other. •Current of electron tunneling across dots show the interference. •ε(t) refers to Detuning energy levels resulting in superposition. Called Avoidance zones in LZSM Interferometry. Forster, F., et al. "Characterization of qubit dephasing by Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry." Physical review letters 112.11 (2014): 116803.
- 4. What makes a good qubit A qubit needs to be isolated from the environment to prevent errors (decoherence). The lower the temperature the more accurate and less error that is introduced to the system. For a two electron Gallium Arsenide double quantum bit qubit lower temperatures result in higher coherence times. Solid line is electron- phonon coupling, dashed is computed numerically for double quantum dots Hamiltonian. Forster, F., et al. "Characterization of qubit dephasing by Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry." Physical review letters 112.11 (2014): 116803. Coherence times vs Temperature given the detuning energy
- 5. Quantum Error Correction •Preventing errors in qubits requires implementing error correction. •A single logical qubit can be encoded across multiple physical qubits. The larger number of qubits the lower the probability of error. Zeng, B., et al. "Encoding a logical qubit into physical qubits." Physical Review A 71.2 (2005): 022309.
- 6. Lossy Channel Devitt, Simon J., William J. Munro, and Kae Nemoto. "Quantum error correction for beginners." Reports on Progress in Physics 76.7 (2013): 076001.
- 7. Error correction on other Quantum Gates The Toffoli gate is one way to check the decoded quantum information for errors after a previous gate. This gate is defined as a controlled- controlled-not gate. It is a universal reversible logic gate. Any reversible gate can be constructed from Toffoli gates. Cory, David G., et al. "Experimental quantum error correction." Physical Review Letters 81.10 (1998): 2152.
- 9. Fidelity of Trichloroethylene (TCE) Graph of the fidelity of TCE after decoding and subsequent Toffoli gate. Helps filter out fluctuations in the local magnetic field. Where the Fidelity is the probability that one quantum state will identify as another. Using error correction the slope of the fidelity decreases drastically. Cory, David G., et al. "Experimental quantum error correction." Physical Review Letters 81.10 (1998): 2152.
- 10. Bandwidth Issues with Error Correction Code •Bandwidth becomes a concern when dealing with software-based error- correction. •99.999% of the instructions in the instruction stream of a typical quantum workload stem from error correction. •Hardware error-correction like the controlled not gates will be required as quantum computers become larger with more qubits. Tannu, Swamit S., et al. "Taming the instruction bandwidth of quantum computers via hardware-managed error correction." 2017 50th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO). IEEE, 2017.
- 11. Steger, M., et al. "Quantum information storage for over 180 s using donor spins in a 28Si “semiconductor vacuum”." Science 336.6086 (2012): 1280-1283. Quantum Information Storage for over 180 s Using Donor Spins 99.995% 28Si and contains 5 × 10¹¹ cm⁻³ of 31P and 5 × 10¹³ cm⁻³ of the acceptor boron, making it p-type semiconductor Uses hyperfine coupling D₀ electron spin of the phosphorous atom. This induces nuclear spin using valence electrons. Storage and retrieval information by entanglement of electron and nuclear spins for qubits. Manipulating the hyperfine electron coupling energy levels using hyperpolarizeration Finally the readout is done by Auger-electron-detected magnetic resonance.
- 12. Long Term Quantum Storage •Nuclear spins seem to be the most promising for solid state storage of qubits. Steger, M., et al. "Quantum information storage for over 180 s using donor spins in a 28Si “semiconductor vacuum”." Science 336.6086 (2012): 1280-1283.