Civil servants could employ business strategy and utilize their available time for profitable venture like quail farming. This paper discusses way and means of employing strategy to plan and benefit from time management and profitable ventures. The concepts and theories of business enterprise are adopted in the construction of entrepreneurship attitude among civil servants working for government and communities in Nigeria. A case study of quails farming provides lessons and templates for hard work and reward in viable ventures. The paper strongly recommends the inculcation of entrepreneurship among individuals and in government programmes, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria.
Layer Poultry Farming Business Plan. Growing Industry for Starting a Business of Raising Chickens for Egg Production.
Layer poultry farming means for commercial egg production to raise egg-laying poultry birds. Layer chickens are such a special hen’s species that must be raised when they are one day old. They begin commercially laying eggs between the ages of 18-19 weeks. They continue to lay eggs till their age of 72-78 weeks. During their egg-laying time, they will produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food. Note the different characteristics of cock and hen before breeding for the purpose of producing a hybrid egg sheet. There are different types of highly productive layer breeds of eggs available worldwide.
For More Details, Click Here:- https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-and-profile-details/Layer%20Poultry%20Farming
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Modern hybrid layers can be reared successfully in floor and cage brooding systems in developing countries. However, they need more careful management than village chicks, which are better able to cope with temperature fluctuations.
Prior to chick arrival, it is important to clean and disinfect the cages or the floor brooding area. The brooders should be set up the day before delivery, at 34 to 36 °C for cage brooding or 35 to 36 °C for floor brooding. Drinkers need to be full or the drinking system in operation, to encourage birds to drink. If nipple drinkers are used, the water pressure should be reduced so that birds can see the drop of water hanging on the drinker. Feed should be placed on paper if birds are reared in cages. Feeders on the floor should be filled and kept under high light intensity for 20 to 22 hours per day for the first week, to attract the birds.
Layer Poultry Farming Business Plan. Growing Industry for Starting a Business of Raising Chickens for Egg Production.
Layer poultry farming means for commercial egg production to raise egg-laying poultry birds. Layer chickens are such a special hen’s species that must be raised when they are one day old. They begin commercially laying eggs between the ages of 18-19 weeks. They continue to lay eggs till their age of 72-78 weeks. During their egg-laying time, they will produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food. Note the different characteristics of cock and hen before breeding for the purpose of producing a hybrid egg sheet. There are different types of highly productive layer breeds of eggs available worldwide.
For More Details, Click Here:- https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-and-profile-details/Layer%20Poultry%20Farming
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Modern hybrid layers can be reared successfully in floor and cage brooding systems in developing countries. However, they need more careful management than village chicks, which are better able to cope with temperature fluctuations.
Prior to chick arrival, it is important to clean and disinfect the cages or the floor brooding area. The brooders should be set up the day before delivery, at 34 to 36 °C for cage brooding or 35 to 36 °C for floor brooding. Drinkers need to be full or the drinking system in operation, to encourage birds to drink. If nipple drinkers are used, the water pressure should be reduced so that birds can see the drop of water hanging on the drinker. Feed should be placed on paper if birds are reared in cages. Feeders on the floor should be filled and kept under high light intensity for 20 to 22 hours per day for the first week, to attract the birds.
How To Do Poultry Farming in Summer? The article written by Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Marketing Director, Growel Agrovet Private Limited, has been published in Poultry Square magazine, May – 2021 edition.
To know about need of housing for poultry production
Different types of poultry houses
Location and layout of poultry houses
Floor space requirement
Different systems of rearing with relative advantage and disadvantages
Cage system
ECH
Layer Poultry Farming Business. Start a Layer Chicken Farming Business for Egg Production
Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying poultry birds for the purpose of commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special species of hens, which need to be raised from when they are one day old. They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19 weeks of age. They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age. They can produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg laying period.
Poultry layer farming is gaining popularity in India due to its lower production cost and growing demand of eggs. India ranks third in the world by producing 3.8 billion kilograms in shell. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra and Punjab are the leading egg producing states in India in the same order. There is a rise in egg production in India owing to the growth in human consumption and lower production costs. Poultry layer farming is given a lot of importance in the national policy owing to which there is a lot of scope of improvement and development.
See more
https://goo.gl/KE4Cpo
https://goo.gl/3SAzGN
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Layer Poultry Farming, Layer Poultry Farming for Beginners, Layer Farming Project Report for Beginners, Layer Farming Project of Commercial Poultry Farming Business, Egg Poultry Farm, Commercial Egg Production, Layer Poultry Farming in India, Layer Farming Project, Poultry Egg and Meat, Poultry Farming, How Can I Start a Poultry Farm? Layer Poultry Farming Project Cost, How to Start Layer Poultry Farming in India, Egg Production, How to Rear Layers (Poultry), How to Start a Layer Farm for Egg Production, Starting Your own Poultry Farm, Breeding & Rearing Poultry, Keeping Egg Laying Birds (Layers), How to Start Layer Chicken Farming Business, Poultry Farm, Start a Chicken Farm Business, Poultry Farming in India, Potential Profitability of Poultry Farms, Layer Chicken Farming Business, Business Ideas for Layer Chicken Farming, How to Start an Egg Business, How to Set up a Profitable Poultry Farming Business, Layer Farming Business Plan, Poultry Farming Business Plan/Chicken Feasibility Study, Poultry Egg Farming Business Plan in India, Business Plan for Poultry Farm, Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Detailed Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Layer Poultry Farming, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Layer Poultry Farming, Feasibility report on Layer Poultry Farming, Free Project Profile on Layer Poultry Farming, Project profile on Layer Poultry Farming
All of the above poultry-keeping methods are used in the developing world,but the majority of the enterprises are backyard poultry and farm flock production. The poultry and egg sectors are highly fragmented. Most of the production is carried out by a large number of farmers, each with a very small flock. The greater part of produce is sold in markets close to the farms.
Day-old chicks are usually obtained from local hatcheries licensed by international hybrid breeding companies. Farmers or cooperatives of farmers may choose between varieties of chickens for egg production and meat production.
The small chicks can be either naturally or artificially brooded. If artificially brooded, small chicks must be placed in a separate house from laying chickens and it is necessary to protect the chicks from predators, diseases and catching colds.
This stage of brooding lasts for eight weeks. In the first four weeks of life, small chicks need to be housed in a brooding box. Some typical types of brooders are shown below and on the previous page.
Typically, a layer’s production cycle lasts just over a year (52-56 weeks). During the production cycle many factors influence egg production; therefore, the cycle must be managed effectively and efficiently in order to provide maximum output and profitability.
Introduction about quail
Advantages of quail farming
Housing
Feeding
Egg and meat production
Nutrient content in egg and meat
Incubation and hatching
Chicks management
Quail diseases and its management
Centers for parent quails and interesting facts about quail etc.,
How To Do Poultry Farming in Summer? The article written by Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Marketing Director, Growel Agrovet Private Limited, has been published in Poultry Square magazine, May – 2021 edition.
To know about need of housing for poultry production
Different types of poultry houses
Location and layout of poultry houses
Floor space requirement
Different systems of rearing with relative advantage and disadvantages
Cage system
ECH
Layer Poultry Farming Business. Start a Layer Chicken Farming Business for Egg Production
Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying poultry birds for the purpose of commercial egg production. Layer chickens are such a special species of hens, which need to be raised from when they are one day old. They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19 weeks of age. They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age. They can produce about one kg of eggs by consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg laying period.
Poultry layer farming is gaining popularity in India due to its lower production cost and growing demand of eggs. India ranks third in the world by producing 3.8 billion kilograms in shell. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Maharashtra and Punjab are the leading egg producing states in India in the same order. There is a rise in egg production in India owing to the growth in human consumption and lower production costs. Poultry layer farming is given a lot of importance in the national policy owing to which there is a lot of scope of improvement and development.
See more
https://goo.gl/KE4Cpo
https://goo.gl/3SAzGN
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Layer Poultry Farming, Layer Poultry Farming for Beginners, Layer Farming Project Report for Beginners, Layer Farming Project of Commercial Poultry Farming Business, Egg Poultry Farm, Commercial Egg Production, Layer Poultry Farming in India, Layer Farming Project, Poultry Egg and Meat, Poultry Farming, How Can I Start a Poultry Farm? Layer Poultry Farming Project Cost, How to Start Layer Poultry Farming in India, Egg Production, How to Rear Layers (Poultry), How to Start a Layer Farm for Egg Production, Starting Your own Poultry Farm, Breeding & Rearing Poultry, Keeping Egg Laying Birds (Layers), How to Start Layer Chicken Farming Business, Poultry Farm, Start a Chicken Farm Business, Poultry Farming in India, Potential Profitability of Poultry Farms, Layer Chicken Farming Business, Business Ideas for Layer Chicken Farming, How to Start an Egg Business, How to Set up a Profitable Poultry Farming Business, Layer Farming Business Plan, Poultry Farming Business Plan/Chicken Feasibility Study, Poultry Egg Farming Business Plan in India, Business Plan for Poultry Farm, Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Detailed Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Project Report on Layer Poultry Farming, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Layer Poultry Farming, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Layer Poultry Farming, Feasibility report on Layer Poultry Farming, Free Project Profile on Layer Poultry Farming, Project profile on Layer Poultry Farming
All of the above poultry-keeping methods are used in the developing world,but the majority of the enterprises are backyard poultry and farm flock production. The poultry and egg sectors are highly fragmented. Most of the production is carried out by a large number of farmers, each with a very small flock. The greater part of produce is sold in markets close to the farms.
Day-old chicks are usually obtained from local hatcheries licensed by international hybrid breeding companies. Farmers or cooperatives of farmers may choose between varieties of chickens for egg production and meat production.
The small chicks can be either naturally or artificially brooded. If artificially brooded, small chicks must be placed in a separate house from laying chickens and it is necessary to protect the chicks from predators, diseases and catching colds.
This stage of brooding lasts for eight weeks. In the first four weeks of life, small chicks need to be housed in a brooding box. Some typical types of brooders are shown below and on the previous page.
Typically, a layer’s production cycle lasts just over a year (52-56 weeks). During the production cycle many factors influence egg production; therefore, the cycle must be managed effectively and efficiently in order to provide maximum output and profitability.
Introduction about quail
Advantages of quail farming
Housing
Feeding
Egg and meat production
Nutrient content in egg and meat
Incubation and hatching
Chicks management
Quail diseases and its management
Centers for parent quails and interesting facts about quail etc.,
The Recipe for Bobwhite Quail, Turkey, Songbirds, Pollinators and So Much More. A presentation by David A. Bryan, Private Lands Wildlife Biologist for the VT Conservation Management Institute.
hello friends! Spend a little time to look my powerpoint presentation. Comment if I used properly do's and dont's in preparing ppt. Suggest if necessary on how I improve my skill in doing this so. Thank you :)
Iron-deficient Indian children under the age of three who ate traditionally-prepared porridges and flat bread made from iron-rich pearl millet flour absorbed substantially more iron
Smart business ideas for stakeholders in developing and emerging countries by...ivo arrey
Smart Business Ideas for Stakeholders in developing and Emerging Countries
Author: Ivo Arrey Mbongaya
African Centre for Community and Development
Workshop: Business and Development Ideas for Startups, SMEs, NGOs, graduates, women and the general public.
Organized by African Centre for Community and Development.
5th to 7th of March, 2019
Limbe, Cameroon.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP WHY AND HOW BY DR AMIT SAHAY MITTAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG...AMITSAHAY16
Entrepreneurship is doing something new for the purpose of creating wealth and adding value to the society
The capacity and willingness to undertake conception, organization and management of a productive venture with all attendant risks, while seeking profits as a reward is known as entrepreneurship.
This article focuses on small-scale food processing enterprises (SSFPEs) as one of the important
measures for national development and addressing food security challenges, particularly in Nigeria. The roles,
challenges, prospects and measures of SSFPE’s development in Nigeria were discussed. The need for food
processing following the extent of food losses and wastages in Nigeria was emphasized. Efforts made at
ensuring food security in developing countries, with particular reference to Nigeria were also discussed. The
contributions of engineering in enhancing food processing and productivity in Nigeria in the areas of
mechanization of food processing unit operations, development of new and existing technologies, design and
development of machinery and systems for processing and preservation of different agricultural produce of high
target were also discussed. This will facilitate the achievement of the technical roles of food processing. SSFPEs
play important roles in the economy of a developing country, particularly in terms of employment creation,
income generation, post-harvest losses reduction, food preservation, value addition, improvement of food safety
and nutritional quality, increase in shelf-life of a product, and act as training grounds for entrepreneurs before
they invest in large scale enterprises. SSFPEs in Nigeria are faced with significant challenges that compromise
their ability to function and to contribute optimally to the economy. Financial constraints and lack of
management skills are the major constraints, among others. The long-term effect in the economic and national
development can be achieved through the development of small-scale food processing techniques, and these
culminate to rapid food processing and industrialization. In view of this, it is recommended that governments
and non-governmental organizations should encourage and facilitate the development of SSFPEs either by
funding or regularly organizing seminars for potential small-scale food enterprises’ operators on how to plan,
organize, direct and control their businesses.
Entrepreneurship and Small Business: Unit No. 1amitsethi21985
As per PTU BBA Syllabus, Unit No. 1: Understanding Ownership Structure: Definition of small scale, medium scale and large scale enterprises, role of small enterprises in economic development, policies governing SMEs, Steps in setting up a small unit, Sources of finance for SME’s,
Unity in diversity is a conceptual formula for showing unity without uniformity along with diversity without fragmentation.
It is used to explain the harmonious unison of a people coming from different religions, cultures or/and environment.
Nigeria was a product of British Colonial empire-building and the emergence of Nation-States.
Plateau State is a product of Nigeria’s nation-building, a sub-set of the former.
The success of Plateau State as a people will translate into the success of Nigeria as a nation.
Elements are abstract parts of any entity depicting its group dynamics. Group or Community elements are what we see in the nature of the people as they relate to their environment .
The Plateau Elements are the qualities that make ‘Plateau the Beautiful’.
Addiction is being abnormally tolerant or strongly dependent to something. A Psychological, Physical or/and Physiological Condition. It is Habit forming especially destructive
Drugs Addiction = Substance Use Disorder
NATIONALINTEREST AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGYTANKO AHMED fwc
National policies, strategies and programmes are grounded on national interests tied to social, political, economic, and humanitarian processes.
We seek to understand ‘national interest’ in general, in specific relationship with ‘national security’
Issues or elements and events in national interest and national security are reflected in a nation’s security strategy
CONCEPTS, THEORIES AND METHODS IN THE POLITICS OF FRANCOPHONE AFRICA IN THE P...TANKO AHMED fwc
Concepts, theories, and methods project subjects of study beyond mere technical definitions.
They widen views, heighten propositions, and broaden approaches befitting scholastic practices.
The ‘Politics of Francophone Africa’ comprises of three flowing variables of ‘politics’, ‘francophone’ and ‘Africa’
This lecture discusses how to create and use concepts, theories and methods for the course theme.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO POLITCS OF FRANCOPHONE AFRICATANKO AHMED fwc
Modern African political structures and processes were greatly influenced by the continent’s colonial past.
The two major colonial powers in Africa were Britain and France.
The French are known for stringent policies of controlling their colonies and subjects.
POLITICS OF FRANCOPHONE AFRICA: GENERAL INTRODUCTION TANKO AHMED fwc
The modern world is divided into spheres of influence with historical origins from the era of building empires to the age of creating nation-states.
This processed featured the socio-cultural expansion to outreached colonialism by super-powers across the world.
Among the European colonial ‘masters’ is France from which the syntagmatic ‘francophone’ originates.
Policing has completed its natural cycle, originating from a community function to a global network, and now back to base as community or universal policing.
The common phrase of ‘Dan’sanda Abokin Kowa’ (police the friend for all) has transformed into the new ‘Dan’sanda Na Kowa’ (policing for all by all).
The process of policing is intrinsically tied to the primary activities of the People.
The Police are the closest government agents to the community level.
Strategic plans involve the setting of vision, mission, goals and objectives, guided by core values of the organisations.
“… strategic planning should be more about collective wisdom building than top-down or bottom-up planning.”
Aimed at setting priorities, focusing energy and resources, strengthening operations, co-opting and galvanising both internal and external stakeholders in attainment of set goals.
Strategic planning is different from the ordinary ad-hoc planning in which few disconnected projects are identified from time to time for implementation (Imobighe, 2014:2) .
It is integral with a comprehensive vision, in which all the vital elements of its resources including human and material, are effectively engaged towards the promotion of the goals and aspirations of the organisation.
The lack of strategic planning is ruinous to the vision, mission, and values of whatever an organization stands for.
In the highly competitive environment, the Nigerian auto-industry, strategic planning is a ‘do or perish’ process without which survival is very difficult in the face of fierce competition and available ‘alternatives’.
POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR PATRIOTISM, INSTITUTIONS, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF...TANKO AHMED fwc
This work is a child of circumstances originating from the NIPSS stock where individual projects of participants are not only topical but also focused on problem-solving.
SECURITY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES COURSE RECAP ON SSS.pptxTANKO AHMED fwc
The field of security and strategic studies (SSS) is a critical component of political science and international relations in national policies and strategies. SSS serves as a tool for understanding and application of ideas and doctrines in political and social sciences. It is closely associated with national security in nation-building, national development, and the management of national affairs.
THINKING SKILLS FOR GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS.pptxTANKO AHMED fwc
*Social Thinking or Thinking Socially is Perspective Thinking or Consideration for Others.
*Economic Thinking or Thinking Economically is Opportunity Cost Thinking or Providing Choices
*Political Thinking or Thinking Politically is about Power-sharing in Decision-and-Action.
*A Unified or Systems Thinking involves Unity of purpose and consideration for others in making decisions and taking actions.
The challenge of entrepreneurship for individual actualization and group participation in wealth creation, nation-building, and national development is enormous. Members of the Alumni Association of the National Defence College (AANDEC) are unique with knowledge, skill, experience, patriotism, and zeal for business and industry. The AANDEC Consult strives to actualize the AANDEC resolve for '… constructive engagement …' with the larger society.
The challenge of entrepreneurship for individual actualization and group participation in wealth creation, nation-building, and national development is enormous. Members of the Alumni Association of the National Defence College (AANDEC) are unique with knowledge, skill, experience, patriotism, and zeal for business and industry. The AANDEC Consult strives to actualize the AANDEC resolve for '… constructive engagement …' with the larger society.
A PhD External/Oral Defence/Viva
Submitted to the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of PhD in Defence and Strategic Studies.
EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: The Case of Jigawa State,...TANKO AHMED fwc
Seen optimistically, flooding could be more of a blessing than a curse especially when it occurs predictably in an area dearth of water resources. This paper describes flooding in its basics, discusses its causes and effects on the socio-economic development of Jigawa State and its people. The paper notes the devastating effects of flood in Jigawa State but also considers what it could have been if it was well-managed. It is assumed that the same flooding would also bring opportunities for socio-economic development against the destruction and miseries. It presupposed that if existing agencies, policies, strategies, and the commitment of the people and governments at all levels are reckoned with, the present equation would be different.
DEVELOPING A PEOPLE’S SECURITY ECOSYSTEM IN A CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTTANKO AHMED fwc
The paper deploys an analogical approach to the complex topic of developing a people’s security ecosystem centrifugal to the existing national security architecture within a challenging environment. It conceptulises people’s security ecosystem as an adhocratic enhancement to the bureaucratic nature of national security architecture as aspects of national security management and describes the environmental impediments to its development. The paper deploys a system approach in the management process of getting things done by use of resources with the people as core. It views the existing national security architecture as a closed, self-constraint, over-regulated, isolated, restrained, and too bureaucratic against the people’s security ecosystem which is open, extended, flexible, participatory, and adhocratic as it interacts with the environment. The paper argues that the Nigerian security environment is self-afflicted with defective organisational capability, weak interagency synergy, absence of effective communication strategy, and prolonged breakdown in national value re-orientation. The paper attributes the deeply rooted divisive tendencies as precursory to a national psyche in which issues are seen in terms of tribal, ethnic, religious, sectional, and endless highly opinioned dysfunctional conflicts. It establishes the way forward to include the expansion of existing bureaucratic national security architecture to an adhocratic people’s security ecosystem for effective security service delivery. The paper strongly recommends the mass mobilisation of the citizenry, re-organisation of communities, and encouragement of security service entrepreneurship as key approaches to developing a people’s security ecosystem in a challenging environment. Some key suggested implementation strategies range from otherwise neglected civic duties to compulsory community and security service for all able Nigerians.
REMODELING THE POLICE AND POLICING IN NIGERIA: Challenges and Prospects for t...TANKO AHMED fwc
Recent developments including the current community policing programme, the new Police Act, the EndSARS protests, and a supportive Police Trust Fund provide the catalyst for remodeling the Police and policing in Nigeria. This presentation addresses the process of modeling the ideal police officer with particular attention to the challenges and prospects for the Nigeria Police Academy cadet-graduates. The paper discusses the meaning and philosophy of police and policing, and reflects on the work environment within which they operate. It argues that police officers are often on their own in thinking out strategies, planning operations, or calculating tactics. The paper employs the social learning theory to capture the mission, vision, and philosophy of the Academy in producing the ideal police officer for Nigeria. The trendy figurative phrase of ‘the thin blue line’ policing documentary movie is deployed to depict the complex challenges and prospects for the police in society. The paper projects the Police as the force holding back chaos to allow for order and civilisation to thrive; at the same time striving to practice good policing within its enclave. It describes command and leadership acquired by the POLAC cadet-graduates as a necessary tool for wading through the dysfunctional work environment hindering the police and policing in Nigeria. A simulation exercise is specially designed for the POLAC graduating Cadets on how to form a networking platform as preparation for facing the challenges and prospects of a technology-driven world. The presentation summaries key observations for a conclusion, with recommendations and implementation strategies on the way forward.
What You're Going to Learn
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- Get actionable strategies you can use right away to improve your bookings, sales and retention.
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QUAIL FARMING AND THE STRATEGY OF PRODUCTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT: AN EXPERIENCE OF A NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVANT-FARMER
1. QUAIL FARMING AND THE STRATEGY OF
PRODUCTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT:
AN EXPERIENCE OF A NIGERIAN CIVIL
SERVANT-FARMER
BY TANKO AHMED fwc
2. This is a full-length and upgraded version of an
earlier chapter of a book published by the
National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI),
Vom – Nigeria with this reference:
Ahmed, T. (2008), ‘Quail Farming: An
experience of a civil-servant’, Chapter 13, In
Usman, M., et al. (ed.). Quail Production in the
Tropics. Vom, NG: NVRI. ISBN-978-166-717-6
3. ABSTRACTION
• Civil servants could employ business strategy
and utilize their available time for profitable
venture like quail farming.
• This paper discusses way and means of
employing strategy to plan and benefit from
time management and profitable ventures.
• The concepts and theories of business
enterprise are adopted in the construction of
entrepreneurship attitude among civil servants
working for government and communities in
Nigeria.
4. A CASE STUDY
• A case study of quails farming provides
lessons and templates for hard work and
reward in viable ventures.
• The paper strongly recommends the
inculcation of entrepreneurship among
individuals and in government programmes,
particularly in developing countries like
Nigeria.
6. Background
• The employment of strategy – getting things done
optimally – in the way we manage activities of our
lives is worthwhile and particularly beneficial.
• The spirit of enterprise or motivation for success in
ventures, within every one of us provides an
energetic drive in pursuance of various activities for
our individual, group, community or societal
growth.
• Such efforts are basis for positive contributions to
the general progress of our immediate
surroundings, and the nation at large.
7. The Use of Strategy
• This paper discusses the use of strategy in the
way we plan and run our activities.
• The emergence, performance, survival and
progress of any enterprise or venture are further
determined by the original idea or motivation of
its formation, structure, organization, functions
and relevance, as well as, its management
system.
• The ‘strategy’ employed for achievement of
these set goals is very crucial in getting things
done.
8. Realities of Environment
• The socio-economic and political
environment, within which enterprises are
created and sustained, in turn, influence all
these factors.
• We should always consider the realities of
the situation we found ourselves, in taking
decisions and putting into practice, in
pursuance of our activities.
9. Value of Enterprise
• An enterprise is any activity directed at making
profit; it is often considered as organized business
ventures aimed specifically at growth and profit.
• As a venture, an enterprise may be described as a
new, often risky activity requiring confidence and
initiative embarked by an entrepreneur or
somebody who ventures into something new.
• It sums up a project or undertaking that may be
difficult or requires effort in resourcefulness
including the selection of any idea that can be
translated into a planned and satisfactorily
implemented activity.
10. Commonsense and Entrepreneurship
• Olufisayo (2013) explains that in order to ensure
ideas are materialized and sustained, the
entrepreneur creates an enterprise utilizing and
controlling the available economic and human
resources.
• This is done through idea identification, planning,
implementation, successful completion of an
activity and accepting the reward.
• These steps determine the ‘commonsense’ required
for going into any challenging and profit making
venture, like quail farming.
11. Theory of Business Enterprise
• The directing force or drive, which animates the
material base or framework of any modern society, is
its industrial or business enterprises or ventures of
various sizes, big and small.
• The theory of business enterprise devised by
Thorstein Veblen (1904) is one of the oldest
assumptions of economic activities still in use and
going strong.
• It holds that enterprises are the basis for growth as
determined by the strategy behind their formation;
the spirit that drives them; and result orientation.
• The theory emphasizes on the tools of enterprise to
include intent and motivation, goal setting, inputs
provision, factors of production, marketing or
distribution of outputs, and general management.
13. Quail Farming
• Quails are small poultry birds with meat and
eggs of delicacy and nutritional value.
• Quail farming is the rearing and breeding of
quails as a ‘farming enterprise’.
• Quail products are highly cherished; its
farming more rewarding due to higher rate of
egg laying, smaller floor space, less feed
consumption; and no vaccination or
deworming required, http://ebookbrowse.com.
14. Strategy
Strategy is a carefully devised plan of action to
achieve a goal or the art of developing or
carrying out such a plan.
15. Spirit of Enterprise
• An ‘enterprise’ is a project or venture
undertaken or to be undertaken; that is
important, but also difficult; and require
boldness, energy, organization and
commitment to get through.
• The ‘spirit of enterprise’ is the motivation,
power or drive to set up and succeed in an
enterprise or venture
http://www.thefreedictionary.com
16. Civil Servant
A Civil (or Public) Servant is a government
employee or worker employed to serve on a
regulated terms of service, including times for
resumption and closure of work.
17. Time Management
• Time is a limited period that an action, process, or
condition exists or takes place - a dimension
enables the arrangement and management of
events or activities aimed at given ends.
• Time management involves planning and control
over the amount of time saved or spent on specific
activities, especially productivity.
• Time management is a form of project management
(PMI, 2004); viewed in connection to social issues
such as the family, roles and amount of labour by an
individual (Buck, et el, 2000); and used as an
investable asset.
19. The Land of Opportunities
• The Nigerian situation is blessed with
opportunities for any individual or group, no
matter the hurdles, including Civil Servants of all
categories.
• In the available opportunities and challenges,
the poultry industry has emerged, performed,
survived and is progressing remarkably.
• In recent years, industrious individuals
discovered and ventured into the practicality
and profitability of operating poultry projects,
sometimes at the backyard of their homes.
20. Inspiration for Quail Farming
• These crops of farmers produce meat, eggs and
other by-products, supplementing and
strengthening the protein requirements in the
food chain.
• From the simple intent to augment income,
these enterprises also demonstrate the
potentials for creating wealth and prosperity.
• Within the Poultry Industry, other new horizons
and challenges appear from time-to-time.
• The Codex Farms featured in this paper is mainly
dedicated to Quail Farming.
22. The Farm
• The Codex Farm, dedicated to the production
and improvement of quail meat, eggs, and by-
products, is situated in a village in Jos South
Local Government Area of Plateau State,
Nigeria.
• With nine rooms, it has a capacity for at least
5,000 quails, employing five people.
• The farm commenced in 1992 through the
research and development activities of the
National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI)
Vom, Plateau State.
23. From Backyard to Farm House
• The Farm began with only 20 birds obtained
from the NVRI Poultry Farm, and an overdraft of
N1,500.00 (one thousand, five hundred naira
only) from a salary account with the then
Savannah Bank branch of Kaduna Vom.
• The Farm gradually progressed from a backyard
pen to a full-fledged farmhouse with workers
and equipment making a turnover equivalent to
many years’ salary of the entrepreneur.
25. The Civil Servant-Farmer
• The Nigerian Civil Servant is about the luckiest in
the whole wide world.
• At least, the Government employs and pays its
workers for 24 hour a day, seven days a week
and throughout the year, including leap year.
• Yet, the hardest working Civil Servant cannot put
in more than 20% of the total time engaged and
paid by the employer.
• No matter how hard you try, you cannot go
beyond, even if you are allowed to do so by both
your employer and colleagues at work.
26. Time Management
To understand how much free time an average
Nigerian Civil Servant enjoys, let us consider the
following simple free-time analysis of free working
days at weekends, annual leave and Public
Holidays in a single year:
2 days Weekend x 52 in a Year = 104 Days
30 Working Days Annual Leave = 30 “
Public Holidays = 12 “
Total Work-Free Days = 146 Days or
40% of 365 days
27. Time Analysis 1
• In addition to the 146 free-working days, the
balance (365 minus 146) of 219 working-days of the
year are 8-hour days, that is, only one-third of each
day is put into work; so Nigerian Civil Servants
actually work for only (219 /3) or 73 full-days,
which is less than 20% of the total 365 full-paid
days in a single year.
• Even at this rate, only the perfect, willing and
permitted workaholic Civil Servant coming to work
every working day, for every second of the 8-hour
day, without casual or sick leave and other excuses,
will be able to put in the less than 20% of actual
working time.
28. Time Analysis 2
• Now, the issue here is what to do with the 80% free time.
• For sure, this is too much free time for even the perfect,
willing and permitted workaholic Civil Servant.
• As for the entrepreneur, the free time is an investible asset
going into positive, productive, noble and legal activities like
Quail Farming.
• This will in no way interfere with the normal work of the
Civil Servant-Farmer, as long as prudent ‘time management’
including deliberate planning and allocation of what to do
and when are employed.
• This is the strategic basis for entrepreneurship of the Civil
Servant-Farmer which can be replicated in any other
enterprise, with time as an indispensable asset subjected to
prudent management.
30. Defined Intention
• Before you go into any venture, you have to decide
on clearly defined intention from where you can
seek for motivation to propel yourself in achieving
your set goals.
• Quail farming is new in this part of the world, many
people do not even know of its existence neither
have they ever seen the bird itself.
• As new, and risky, as Quail farming can be, the
intention was at first to try something new in town
and along the way, of course, to avail oneself access
to fine meat, eggs, and hopefully profit.
31. Motivation as Driving Force
• For motivation, apart from the encouraging
activities of the National Veterinary Research
Institute, in helps livestock farmers, no one was
initially interested in the venture, in most cases,
not even one’s immediate family members.
• So, one may therefore, be completely alone
from the beginning, pushed mainly by sheer
urge for adventure or enterprise.
• This would be the picture before one crosses the
line and made a breakthrough.
33. Starting
• Starting a quail farm is not much different
from that of other poultry birds, like chicken.
• It involves the same housing, production and
marketing methods for meat and eggs.
• There are however three fundamental
challenges with starting a quail farm.
34. Challenges
• Firstly, unless you have your own money on the ground,
nobody will give you money if you mentioned that you are
going into Quail farming, especially the banks. This is simply
because you will not be able to provide proof of making
quick, easy and plenty returns.
• Secondly, there is no ready-made market for quail products
like that of chicken meat and eggs. In some cases, to get
market for quail products you have to be armed with enough
wits, guts and patience to convince people to buy pet stones
along with feeds for the stones.
• Thirdly, the quail bird itself is so sensitive and
temperamental that a mistake in stress management can
affect its growth, production, lifespan and performance.
• Overall, it is an experience worth the time of anyone daring
enough to venture into Quail Farming.
36. Management Principles
• The success of any enterprise depends on its management
process.
• The basic principles or functions of management including
planning, implementation and control must therefore be
adhered to in achieving set out objectives.
• Planning involves the process of selecting a particular
strategy or line of action from various available alternatives
with the aim of achieving given goals or objectives;
• Implementation involves the acquisition of the required
resources to put your given plan into action, and;
• Control involves performance evaluation to determine
conformation to your plan and taking corrective measures to
improve.
37. Managing Quails
• The efficient observation and use of these basic
principles will produce the desired result in any
enterprise.
• A good farm, like any other enterprise, should be
run strictly on good management principles and
practices.
• A quail farmer should therefore set his or her goals
clearly; provide the required structures and
equipment for the birds; develop and nurture the
stock; produce the required quantity and quality of
meat, eggs and other outputs; develop and sustain
market for such products, and; keep accurate and
useful records of activities.
39. Set Goals of the Civil Servant-Farmer
• The goals of every farmer, particularly a Civil
Servant/Quail Farmer, should include the
maximization of profits or returns; increase in net
worth or wealth creation; ownership and control of
a larger farm or outfit and avoidance of low return
or losses.
• Also included are reduction of borrowing needs;
improvement on standard of living and general
comfort; having a neat and well-kept farmstead;
provision of employment to others; community
services, and the satisfaction of owning and running
a quail farm.
40. Self-Actualization
• A functional, independent and economically viable
outfit like the Codex Quail Farm would create
sizeable income and employment opportunities for
others.
• At the end of it all, job satisfaction and security of
tenure at work are enhanced by the thought of
something to fall back on in case of eventualities.
• As Professor Eghosa Osagie (1995) would say: ‘Help
the Government to keep oneself comfortable,
willing and ever-ready to serve, without the need or
urge to steal, and sometimes even contribute in
office expenditure whenever necessary’.
42. Quail Housing
• Housing, farmstead structures and equipment
for quails are designed and constructed on the
same principles as that for other poultry.
• Housing must cater for adequate space,
cleanliness, ventilation, pest control and general
comfort for the birds.
• The farmstead must provide for facilities and
amenities like adequate water, electricity or any
form of lighting, good shedding (trees) and
damp resistant floors.
43. Quail Equipment
• Equipment like brooders, heaters, feeders,
drinkers, incubators, etc., must be readily
available at all times for smooth operations.
• These items must be maintained accordingly. A
number of leaflets and other literature in form
of books, conference or workshops papers are
available and are very simple to follow.
• The NVRI, Vom has produced a series of such
literature on quails production and kerosene
incubators most of which are cited in the other
chapters of this book.
44. The Codex Farmstead
• The main farmstead of Codex Quail Farms was
built on an area of 2,500 square feet (or 50 x 50
feet) land space containing nine rooms for
storage, brooding, and bird stock.
• It consists of a central space, trees for shedding,
wells for provision of water and facilities for
workers.
• Also equipment like feeders, drinkers, brooders,
incubators, etc., are designed, built or adapted
to suit the sizes of the quail birds.
46. Developing A Quail Stock
• The initial quail-stock of the Codex Farm was
obtained from the NVRI Poultry, Vom.
• With a handful of birds, we practice and
improved on our ability and capacity to run and
sustain the farm more efficiently.
• Thereafter, the Farm obtained some fertile eggs
and one kerosene incubator from the same
source.
• Today the farm has graduated into the use of
automated electric incubators and providing for,
not only its own improved stock, but for others.
47. Categories of Quail Stock
• The Codex Farm keeps three categories of quail-
stock for its operations including parents stock for
breeding; grower stock for meat production, and
layer stock for eggs.
• The parents are subjected to regular selection,
matching and weeding, for improvements in the
desired production lines; growers are specifically
fattened for meat production; and layers are all
females, kept for production of fresh table eggs
only.
• The Codex Farm is amongst the very few quail farms
producing fresh table eggs, for eating, not fertile for
hatching.
49. Production Process
• Production is the process of efficient conversion of
a farm’s basic inputs like stock, feeds, labour and
other related items into basic outputs or products
like meat, eggs and manure.
• The handling of this process determines, whether
you are successful or not, is the venue for
management tricks.
• Our production process is therefore guided by the
knowledge, skills, and experience acquired over the
years through available literature, expert advice
and innovations.
50. Production Monitoring
• It is important to make improvements and
breakthroughs in stocks, production methods, disease
control, equipment handling, packaging, marketing
and finance, which are all interwoven into the
production finesse.
• An effective method of monitoring production is
employed through the introduction and maintenance
of a Production Monitoring Chart.
• This chart carries, at-a-glance, monthly information
on expenditure, production, income and daily events.
• It offers on the spot access to information and signs
for alarms and ease of taking immediate decisions.
52. Deliberate Efforts
• Without available market for your products, the
entire farm including production methods will
go down the drain.
• For a farm to survive therefore there must be
market for the items it produces.
• The quail meat and eggs are not products with
ready-made markets like that of chicken.
• There must be deliberate efforts to obtain good
market for such products even before you go
into the process of producing them.
53. Branding Quail Products
• At the initial stage, we had to distribute our
products free to prospective customers after which,
they would place orders and gradually developed
the love and habit for the irresistible quail meat and
eggs.
• The free products were delivered with convincing
messages; high quality meat, without fats; tasty, big
and heavy eggs; well-dressed meat, ready-for-pot,
in attractive packages, for preservation of taste for
at least two weeks, and; packaged in our beautiful
farm logo.
• We make door-to-door delivery system and
payment schedule easy enough to attract and
expand our clientele.
55. Getting Customers
• Our customers are selected and prices of our products
range between minimum of N75.00 and N150.00 to
maximum of N120.00 and N200.00 for one dressed quail
and one crate of quail eggs, depending on the status and
affordability of the customer. (Please note that these are
2001 figures).
• Among our numerous customers are State Governors,
Bank Executives, Businessmen and women, Civil Servants,
neighbours and colleagues who have discovered and
accepted the low cholesterol, low fat and invigorating
value of quail meat and eggs as stated on our farm
package and Logo.
• See sample of Codex Farm ‘package and logo’ sticker
below:
57. Target Customers
• It is important to note here that Quail products
are for the high-income earner who has too
much to eat, susceptible to obesity, and
naturally looking for exotic brand and class.
• Quail meat and eggs would take away the rich
from chicken meat and eggs so that the poor can
get more protein dose at lower price due to fall
in demand and increase in production.
59. Source and Use of Capital
• Financial management process requires
consideration in sourcing and use of capital to
finance any given business operation; analysis and
choice of alternatives; risk bearing and
management; and standard accounting practice
that are not necessarily complicated.
• Our main sources of funds are personal savings and
loans from Thrift Societies charging up to 10%
monthly compound interest.
• The advantage of the latter is that it pushes you to
work harder to earn more than 10% profit margin
just to survive.
61. Proper Recordkeeping
• To operate a farm without proper records is like going on a
journey without destination.
• Organized farm operations must rely on both internal and
external flows of information on the past, present and
expected performance for easy access and use, for decision-
making.
• At the Codex Farm proper records from the drawing board to
present stage of our operations are kept religiously in
papers, files, booklets and electronic forms catalogued and
arranged in drawers, cabinets, shelves, and computer hard
disc.
• Our records include performance charts on production,
marketing, building equipment, labour, finance, customer
relations and accounts, and all other relevant activities
necessary for the smooth operation of the farm.
63. A Summary
• Establishing and running a quail farm is a
worthwhile venture.
• If a Civil Servant, who is tied down and
committed to demanding duties, can plan
and coordinate free-time to establish and run
a quail farm successfully and profitably, then
anyone out there can do it.
64. A Conclusion
• In addition to creating wealth and making personal,
immediate family, friends and other members of the
community more comfortable and secured, there is
also the accomplishment of self-actualization in
owning a production outfit, which gives pride and
security of tenure.
• Opportunities are available for everyone ‘for-the-
taking’ to contribute in the general struggle to make
our nation great. In my small or big way, a civil
servant can run the job effective and at the same
time be a proud and comfortable quail farmer.
65. The Challenge or Recommendations
• The challenge here is: ‘What can you do to yourself, family,
community, country and humanity at large?
• Among the many projects introduced and run by the
National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, the
Quail Project is one of the most successful and should not be
allowed to deteriorate like similar noble ventures in many of
our Research Institutions.
• It is hoped that the NVRI and similar institutions will
establish, improve and sustain efficient Extension or
Consultancy Units for projects of this nature.
• The paper strongly recommends the inculcation of
entrepreneurship among individuals and in government
programmes, particularly in developing countries like
Nigeria.
66. References
Buck, M. L., et al. (2000), ‘Reduced load work and the experience of
time among professionals and managers: Implications for personal and
organizational life’ in C. Cooper & D. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in
Organizational Behavior (Vol. 7). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Olufisayo, O. (2013), ‘Meaning and Scope of Enterprise’ in The Secrets
of Entrepreneurship, http://www.entrepreneurshipsecret.com
Retrieved 8/4/13
Osagie, E. E. (1995), Opening Remarks by Professor Eghosa Osagie at
the Self-Improvement Workshop for Staff of National Institute for
Policy and Strategic Studies held at the Chapel of Salvation, August
15th.
Project Management Institute – PMI - (2004), A Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). http://www.pmi.org
Retrieved 4/12/12
67. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION
Contact:
Tanko Ahmed, fwc
Senior Fellow (Security & Strategy)
National Institute (NIPSS), Kuru-Jos, NIGERIA
+234 803 703 1744 ta_mamuda@yahoo.com