The Qin Dynasty unified China for the first time and established important standardized systems. The Qin emperor Qin Shi Huang created a strong centralized government and implemented policies like the construction of the Great Wall and the standardization of currency, measurements, and written language. However, Qin Shi Huang's harsh authoritarian rule and burning of books led to discontent and rebellion after his death, ultimately causing the fall of the short-lived Qin Dynasty.

1. 12/31/2020 1
Compulsory English
Jayaram Adhikari
Faculty of English Education
Drabya Shah Multiple Campus, Gorkha
A Presentation
on Language
Development
Part

2. Unit-4
History and Culture
The greatest glory is not in never falling, but rising
every time we fall. Confucius
Qin Dynasty
Gabriel Peralta
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 2

3. The Qin Dynasty
The Big Idea
The Qin dynasty unified China with a strong
government and a system of
standardization.
Main Ideas
• The first Qin emperor created a strong but
strict government.
• A unified China was created through Qin
policies and achievements.

4. More Than 250 Years of War

5. The Great Wall of China
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 5

6. • Did you know? When
Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered
construction of the Great Wall
around 221 B.C., the labor force that
built the wall was made up largely of
soldiers and convicts. It is said that as
many as 400,000 people died during
the wall's construction; many of these
workers were buried within the wall
itself.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 6

7. Emperor Qin Shi Huang12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 7
 Ying
Zhang
256-
210
BCE
 13 years
old at
start
 22 year
old
seized
total
power
 Qin
Shihuang Di
means
“First
Emperor of
Qin”
 Tyrannt
 Standardizati
on
 Sought
immortality

8. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE)
• Short but important in Chinese history
• It followed Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE)
• Qin Dynasty ended Liu Bang bacame the king
of Han in 206
• China is derived from the name Qin (“Ch’in”)
• Endless conflict between various region for
supreme control of the country
• Warring States Period (426-221 BCE)
• Complete conquest as Qin Empire unified
China in 221 BCE
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 8

9. 12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 9

10. Origins of the Qin Kingdom
During the Zhou Dynasty, China was never a
unified kingdom.
The Zhou government bore a strong
resemblance to some of the forms of feudalism
in medieval Europe, which is why the Zhou age
is sometimes referred to as a feudal age.
China was composed of a network of city-states
loyal to the Zhou king, from which military
and political control spread over the
surrounding farming villages.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 10

11. About 771 BCE, a barbarian invasion
drove the Zhou rulers eastwards.
During this time, the state of Qin became
responsible for guarding the western frontier
and they gradually moved eastward and
eventually occupied the original Zhou
domains.
Thus, the Qin became a close ally of the Zhou
and they also had marriage relations with the
Zhou ruling class.
King Ping of Zhou (770-720 BCE) transferred
titles of the nobility and huge estates to the
chief of Qin.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 11

12. Many Chinese historians consider this
event as pivotal for the state of Qin.
The Qin was, at that time, very aware of the
fact that they could be a great power.
these centuries spent fighting non-Chinese
tribes helped the Qin gain invaluable
experience in warfare and territorial
expansion.
the Qin had the advantage of a favourable
location:
east by mountains and the North China
plain through the Yellow River passes.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 12

13.  The Qin had all of the resources and advantages
but what finally gave them victory over the other
states was their ruthlessness in battle.
 The Qin statesman Shang Yang (356-338 BCE)
advocated total war and a disregard for the polite
policies of battle.
 His lessons were implemented by Ying Zheng,
King of the Qin, who emerged victorious from the
Warring States Period and proclaimed himself Shi
Huangdi - `first emperor' - of China in 221 BCE.
 About 230 BCE, when the final campaign to unify
China began, it is estimated that the Qin
controlled one-third of all the land under
cultivation in China and one-third of China’s total
population.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 13

14. Achievements in the Qin Dynasty
o Early in the Qin Empire, the practice of
Legalism reached its peak in Chinese history.
o This idea of state policy was devised by Shang
Yang who came to Qin as a foreign advisor.
o During his time as a minister, Shang Yang
radically renovated the policies of government
but, in fact, he simply revived a practice which
was already present for years
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 14

15. Water Systems
• Massive government building projects
gave jobs to many poor workers.
• New roads were built and maintained to
provide easy access to and from these
buildings.
• Canals were built to connect rivers and
keep trade fast and efficient.
• Irrigation systems that are still in use
today watered the fields and made more
land good for farming.
Qin Achievements
Building Projects

16. Grand Canal

17. Achievement
• Farmers were freed from serfdom and Shi
Huangdi reduced the power of the aristocracy.
• If a person did not behave according to the rules,
then others were required to report to him. If
they did not do this, they were quartered or
beheaded.
• Those who contributed the most to the state
were highly rewarded while those whose lives
were considered of no consequence were sent to
work as slaves on Shi Huangdi's building projects

18. Politics
• Shi Huangdi took
complete control
of the land and the
people.
• There was a strict
chain of command.
• Taxes and building
projects were
introduced.
Culture
• Shi Huangdi set up
a uniform system
of law.
• Rules and
punishment,
writing styles, and
money were
consistent across
China.
Unified China
Finance
• Gold and copper
coins were
standardized.
• Uniform weights and
measures help
standardize trade
and other legal
issues.

19. Erasing History
in 212 BCE, on the advice of his chief advisor Li Siu, Shi Huangdi had
scholars executed on a large scale

20. Erasing History
• Books were banned throughout the empire, as was
teaching, except for subjects touching upon re-
written history of the Qin Dynasty, Legalism, or the
personal glory of Shi Huangdi.
• It was not until the later Han Dynasty that books
were recovered from hiding and repaired, and
literacy was again available to the people of China.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 20

21. Although Shi Huangdi and
Shang Yang's Legalism were
hated by many at the time it
helped to create a superior
army, a disciplined
bureaucracy, an obedient
populace, and the
unquestioned authority of a
strong central government.
12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 21

22.  Currency
 Weights
 Measurements
 Written Language
 Political structure
 Military
 Public works – Great Wall,Tomb, Canals
 Width of roads – transportation increased

23. 12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 23
Legacy of the Qin Dynasty
Legalism had a lasting effect on the entirety of Chinese history.
The Qin Dynasty created the standard of bureaucratic
government and the Legalistic policies first initiated by the Qin
are still seen in China today.
In addition, the dynasty left a wonder of ancient artwork: The
Terracotta Army in Xi'an.
This tomb reflects the character of the Chinese emperor and his
unending desire to be immortal.
The roads which today link the cities of China and the
countryside, the great wall and the grand canal is the heritage of
China that is the gift of Qin Dynasty to modern China.

24. The Terracotta Army

25. 12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 25
The End of the Qin Empire
 In the year 210 BCE emperor Shi Huangdi died on a
journey through the realm.
 The people were told that these trips were designed for
the inspection of the empire but later evidence suggests
that the emperor was looking for an elixir of immortality.
 In his later years, Shi Huangdi became obsessed with
death and the hope of eternal life.
 In constant fear of assassination, it is said, he never slept
in the same room of his palace two nights consecutively
and he ordered the construction of his elaborate tomb
early on in his reign.

26. • Many scholars, peasants, and nobles grew resentful of Shi
Huangdi’s harsh policies and complete control.
• Upon the death of Shi Huangdi, the country began to unravel.
• Li Siu (c. 280–208 BCE), the then prime minister of the
recently deceased emperor, tried to hide the fact that Shi
Huangdi was deceased in any possible way.
• Rebel groups fought among themselves, and eventually the
Qin capital was burned to the ground.
• With no authority present, the country fell into civil war.
The Fall of the Qin:
The Oppressed Rise Up

27. • Along with Zhao Gao (died 208/207 BCE), Li Siu
contrived to place Hu Hai on the throne.
• Hu Hai was the weak second son of Shi Huangdi.
• Due to the weakness of Hu Hai, the oppressed
people of China grew bolder and soon began to
revolt.
• The Imperial House was massacred and the Qin
Dynasty was thus at an end.
• Liu Bang emerged victorious following Xiang-Yu's
defeat at the Battle of Gaixia in 202 BCE. Liu Bang
(247 BCE- 195 BCE) , founded the Han Dynasty.

28. Qin Dynasty was short lived, but it set the
standard for dynasties to follow. It was
overthrown by a peasant revolt which also
became a common vehicle for change to
future dynasties! It did unify the country
for the first time and standardized much
of everyday life’s important tools and
aspects for the Chinese people!

29. 12/31/2020 jayaram@dsmc.edu.np 29
For more information go to the following You
Tube link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gg1SGA3zYx8&t
=3791s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDsDLayV5
Fw&t=4803s

30. 12/31/2020 30