The document discusses key points about preparing a bar bending schedule (BBS), including defining what a BBS is, the process for preparing one, and important considerations. Some key points covered include calculating bar numbers and cut lengths, factors that influence lap and development lengths, approved bend angles and their allowances, and splicing options like couplers that can be used instead of lapping bars. The document provides guidance on accurately estimating rebar quantities and cutting costs based on the BBS.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) is a chart which gives a clear picture of bar length, diameter of bar ,bar mark ,location of bar.
It allow workers to place steel properly.
This presentation is on design of welded and riveted connections in steel structures. in this presentation we learn briefly about these connections and design terminology about these connections.
Reinforced Cement Concrete and Bar Bending ScheduleKailash Chander
Reinforced Cement Concrete
Bar Bending Schedule
Steel
Cutting length, type of steel, amchorage length, development length, lap length, circular columns,
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) is a chart which gives a clear picture of bar length, diameter of bar ,bar mark ,location of bar.
It allow workers to place steel properly.
This presentation is on design of welded and riveted connections in steel structures. in this presentation we learn briefly about these connections and design terminology about these connections.
Reinforced Cement Concrete and Bar Bending ScheduleKailash Chander
Reinforced Cement Concrete
Bar Bending Schedule
Steel
Cutting length, type of steel, amchorage length, development length, lap length, circular columns,
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
Strength of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
i have made all the slide for civil engineering and poly diploma civil.
these are 100% correct but in case of some error comment down or contact me on (laxmans227@gmail.com)
follow me for all updates
if u have any doubt fell free to ask on comment section
i upload new slides every sunday,
so keep calm and follow me(now).
software - power point presentation 2015
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
Strength of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
i have made all the slide for civil engineering and poly diploma civil.
these are 100% correct but in case of some error comment down or contact me on (laxmans227@gmail.com)
follow me for all updates
if u have any doubt fell free to ask on comment section
i upload new slides every sunday,
so keep calm and follow me(now).
software - power point presentation 2015
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Study of Steel Moment Resisting Frame with Reduced Beam SectionIJERA Editor
A research became necessary after the collapse of steel structure during the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe
earthquakes. Reduced beam section emerged as one of the best solution. Guidelines about the cut, that is to be
introduced in the flange of the beam section, are obtained from FEMA 350. Here, a G+15 storey steel building is
modeled using RBS as a component in one building and regular beam section as a component of the other in
STAAD PRO V8i. Time history analysis is carried out in this paper. Displacement, storey drift, time period and
base shear of both the buildings are compared as the result. Base shear shows no change but considerable change
in displacement and storey drift is observed
comparative study of steel I - girder and prestressed steel I - girder as per...Dr. Dhara shah
Prestressing of structural elements especially steel girders improve their load bearing capacity and rigidity along
with reduction in material consumption and overall cost for the same loading. The present study aims at preparing
expedient interface for design of Steel I-Girder and Prestressed Steel I-Girder as per IRC24: 2010, encompassed through
parametric study of two lane road bridges for varying span to depth ratios, considering 15m, 20m, 25m and 30m of spans.
The analysis is done considering dead load, superimposed load and moving load as per class A-2 lane / class 70R loading.
Design of prestressed steel I-girder is done by varying the diameter and number of strands. 9.5 mm, 11.1 mm, 12.7 mm and
15.2 mm diameter class B 7-ply strands are considered in 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 numbers of groups. The cost comparison is
done as per prevailing market rates. A definite increase in the bending capacity of steel I-girder is found when prestressed
with strands, without any enhancement in shear capacity. Prestressed steel I-girder provides shallower depth of the girder
for same L/D ratio. With increase in the strand area and number of strands, bending capacity increases for same L/D ratio.
Prestressed steel I- girder shows cost saving up to 50% for 15m span, 37% for 20m span, 28% for 25m span and 20% for
30m span. Cost of girder per meter length decreases when applying the prestressing force with increase in L/D ratio.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
2. Bar Bending Schedule:
Reinforcement Steel cost is around 20% – 25% of Cost of RCC Structure.
Wastage of Reinforcement steel is generally noticed only at the end of works,
and the cost implication is huge.
IS code – “Code of practice for bending and fixing of bars for concrete
reinforcement” – IS 2502 – 1963 (reaffirmed 2004)
Particular care needed for higher diameter bars while bending. Size of
Mandrel to be as per code else the bars crack at bend location.
We typically use Mild Steel bars…….. HYSD Bars………?
HYSD bars can be CT or TMT?
Available strength – 415 / 500 / 550 / 600 …. With “D”?
1
ADGP
3. Bar Bending Schedule:
Bar Bending is a process of cutting and bending reinforcement steel into desired
shape as per structural drawing.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) is a detailed list of reinforcement bars containing bar
mark (for identification), diameter, numbers, shape with size, and cut length of each.
BBS helps in estimating required quantities of the various diameter of bars, which helps
in Procurement and Stock Management of various diameter of rebar.
BBS assists in checking the work executed vis-à-vis requirement as per drawing and
the same can be used in billing.
BBS can be given to factory to get cut & bent steel at site, saving working space,
better wastage control, reducing labour cost and thereby reduction in overall cost.
2
ADGP
4. Bar Bending Schedule:
Preparation of BBS:
i. Identification (Bar Mark)
Tag different types of bars in the drawing with a unique id and list it out
in a sheet. Consider the location (Column, Beam, Slab) for tagging.
ii. Diameter
Mention the diameter of steel bar against each Bar Mark.
iii. Numbers required
For Columns and Beam Main Steel, the numbers are usually provided,
however for the Links of Column, Rings of Beam and Slab Main as well
as distribution bars, numbers need to be calculated.
Numbers = (Length – 2xCover / Spacing) + 1
iv. Shape with Sizes
Refer the drawing for making out the correct shape of each type of rebar
and the size of each of the element in shape. For Links and Rings
mostly inner dimension is considered, for others it’s end to end
v. Cut Length
Depend on the diameter, angle & number of bends, laps, type of hooks,
type of steel / concrete and type of stresses.
3
ADGP
5. Bar Bending Schedule:
Important points while preparing BBS:
i. Unit weight of various diameter bars
ii. Development Length
End of Column / Beam Bars
iii. Lap Length
Depends on type of steel / concrete / stress and diameter
Staggering of lap - Minimum distance between C/C of Lap = 1.3 X Lap
iv. Lap Location
Columns –
Beams –
Slabs -
v. Bends
Angles of 30, 45, 60
vi. End Hooks
90 degree hooks, 180 degree hooks
4
ADGP
6. Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
i. Unit weight of various diameter bars:
Use the weight against each diameter as given in the table.
The weight is given in 3 digits beyond decimal for accuracy.
We mostly use rebars of dia 10, 12, 16 and 20. In these;
weight is 0.15% to 0.5% extra considering only 2 digits
beyond decimal.
We deal in 1000’s of metric tonnes of steel in each project.
For every 1000MT, we may loose 1.5 MT to 5 MT.
5
Dia.
(mm)
Unit weight
(Kg/m)
8 0.395
10 0.617
12 0.888
16 1.578
20 2.466
25 3.853
32 6.313
45 12.485
ADGP
7. Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
ii. Development Length: Extra length of bar provided beyond the required section to
1. Transfer the stresses from steel to concrete
2. Transfer the stresses from one element to other
(From Beams to Columns / Slabs to Beams etc.)
3. Develop sufficient bond strength between rebar surface and concrete
(To avoid failure due to slippage in ultimate load conditions)
In case of bundled bars, development length is increased by 10/20/33 % for 2/3/4 bars in contact
This is also called as an anchorage length in case of axial tension or axial compression
In case we don’t provide the sufficient Development
Length. The failure of junctions / joints will happen
Prior to reaching even the safe load limits.
Development length, normally is more for HYSD bars
And lessor for high strength concrete.
6
ADGP
8. iii. Lap Length: Lap length is the overlap of two bars to transfer load
For installing the reinforcement steel, when the length of it is not sufficient to cover
the entire stretch, or it is not feasible to transport / lift / install / keep it in position
then the steel is provided with a lap.
Lap is also required, when the diameter of bar has to be changed as per design
requirement.
While providing laps following to be kept in mind:
1. Use proper splicing technique (Lapping / Welding / Mechanical or Threaded splicing)
2. Location of lap to be away from section of high flexural / shear stresses
3. stagger the location of lap for individual bars of a group (Column / Beam / Slab)
If staggering is unavoidable than increase the length of Lap / use spiral rebar over lap
1.3 x Lap Length
Lap Length - Flexural Tension – Ld or 30 Dia
Direct Tension – 2Ld or 30 Dia
Compression – Ld or 24 Dia
In case of 2 different dia – Lap should be calculated for smaller dia bar.
Stagger the lap in bundled bars as well
7
Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
ADGP
9. iv. Lap Location
Columns – Normally bottom L/4 and Top L/4 are the high stress zones, hence the
lap should be provided in the middle L/2 zone.
However follow, design guideline if specified.
Beams – Normally the bending moment is high in centre and ends in a fixed /
continuous beams. Avoid Laps in bars in tension zone, and provide
laps in compression zone in such locations.
Shear Stress is high in L/3 from support on both sides of beam thus
avoid laps in shear reinforcement, however provide laps for Flexural
tension zone bars as the bending moment is less.
Follow otherwise design guidelines if specified.
Slabs – Avoid laps in locations of high bending moment and high shear stress,
which is normally at the mid span and ends, provide at 1/3 from the
ends.
Follow design guidelines otherwise, if provided
8
Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
ADGP
11. v. Bends:
Normally the requirement of Main reinforcement in Beam is at the bottom for Mid Span
and at the top for End span considering the Bending Moment Diagram in Fixed &
Continuous beams. In such case the Main reinforcement is bent and taken up as shown
in figure.
This takes care of the Shear Force Requirement 1/3 span as well.
Refer the sketch – the extra length (i.e. l1-l2) to be considered for cutting length
calculations. Refer the table beside the sketch for considering the extra length based on
angle of bend.
10
Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
Angle
@
D / Sin@ D / Tan@ la = l1-l2
30 D/0.5 D/0.5733 0.27D
45 D/0.707 D/1 0.42D
60 D/0.866 D/1.732 0.58D
ADGP
12. v. End Anchorage – Hooks & Bends : (in HYSD Steel Bars)
11
Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
Nominal Dia ‘d’ 10 12 16 20 25 32
Hook
Allowance
‘H’ 130 155 210 260 325 415-545
Bend
Allowance
‘B’ 75 75 95 120 150 190-225
Radius ‘kd’ 40 48 64 80 100 128-192
ADGP
End Anchorage
Cut Length = l + B
B=6d
Semi-circular hook
Cut Length = l + H
H=13d
13. The reinforcement bar shape is prepared based on:
a. Development Length (As per end conditions)
b. Lap Length (As per requirement of Laps)
c. Bends (As per details given in the drawings)
d. End Anchors / Hooks (As per the requirements specified in drawings)
The Cut length is calculated as per various norms given in earlier slides and / or
based on various combination of the above.
As explained earlier about rebar unit weight to be considered up to 3rd digit
after decimal, in case of cutting length also one must consider the reduction
due to bends. Though it’s small value in each bar; the overall impact is huge
considering the huge quantum of work.
12
Bar Bending Schedule: Imp. Points
ADGP
17. Laps are not always appropriate joint for reinforcement steel.
Space Constraints – specially large dia bars in Columns and Beams
Depend on the strength from concrete / lack structural integrity
Time consuming / Costly for higher diameter bars
Couplers (Crimping / Threading) are the options fro splicing.
Connect quickly at site locations
Reduced congestion of rebars due to splicing
Independent of concrete – integral reinforcement
Cost effective – specially 20mm dia and above.
Coupler should meet 125% of yield strength of rebar.
16
Bar Bending Schedule: Couplers
Rebar Dia.
(MM)
Coupler Details Pitch
(MM)External Dia.
(MM)
Internal Dia.
(MM)
Length (MM)
16 25 13.5 40 2.5
20 32 17.5 48 2.5
25 40 22 60 3.0
32 50 29 72 3.0
40 60 37 90 3.0
ADGP