- The document is a transcript of a keynote speech given in Japanese at PyCon JP 2014 about rediscovering things with Python. - The speaker discusses five ways to find "blind spots" or things we don't know that we don't know: comparison, history, experience, abstraction, and communication. - He provides examples of using each method, such as comparing programming languages to find differences, learning the history behind aspects of Python, doing hands-on work to experience issues firsthand, creating abstract models to connect experiences, and discussing with others who have different perspectives.

1. Rediscover with Python
Cybozu Labs.
NISHIO Hirokazu
PyCon JP Keynote Speech
English version
2014-09-17
14年9月17日水曜日1

2. I gave my speech in Japanese and
unfortunately simultaneous
interpretation was not recorded. So I
rewrite important part of my slide into
English for non-Japanese speakers.
14年9月17日水曜日2

3. self introduction
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4. self introduction
• Cybozu Labs.
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5. self introduction
• Cybozu Labs.
• Researching next generation groupware
14年9月17日水曜日3

6. self introduction
• Cybozu Labs.
• Researching next generation groupware
• What is groupware?
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7. examples of groupware
kintone is our product: https://www.kintone.com/
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8. What is groupware?
coined by Douglas C. Engelbart, the inventor of mouse and GUI
14年9月17日水曜日5

9. What is groupware?
Group + Software
coined by Douglas C. Engelbart, the inventor of mouse and GUI
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10. Augmenting Human Intellect
Augment Human’s ability
with software
Douglas C. Engelbart "Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework" (1962)
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11. Augmenting Group Intellect
Augment group’s ability
with software
= Groupware
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12. word2vec
Computer read text and
understand relation
between words in the text
my book. published on May
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13. 人間
コンピュータ
You may think like this
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14. 人間+コンピュータ
=増強された人間
人間
I prefer to think like this
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15. Example
To monitor yourself won’t works well. When you are in bad
condition, monitoring is also in bad condition. So you can’t
notice you are in bad condition.
One solution is monitoring by another person. But sense of
shame and pride will cause problems.
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16. Another solution is monitoring by computer. It solves
“shame and pride” problems.
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17. This is a prototype. You can consult with the
system to motivate yourself. 13000 people
used it and 6000 people was motivated.
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18. 14 channels brain wave sensor
Another approach is going.
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19. Human→Machine touch panel
Machine→Human
liquid crystal
(multi-touch)
switch
mouse
keyboard
camera
scanner
paper CRT 3D TV
e-ink HMD
Method to copy information from/to human is evolved
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20. Machine→Human
paper CRT liquid crystal 3D TV
e-ink HMD
book e-book
But books are not evolved much
We need next generation “book reading”.
Computer should monitor human reading books,
and augment its performance.
I think brain-wave and hi-reso HMD are the key to future.
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21. 4 elements to augment human
• 1: Artifacts:
computer, software, etc.
• 2: Language:
jargon to refer special concepts, design patterns, etc.
• 3: Methodology:
procedure and strategy for solving problems, etc.
• 4: Training: achieve skills to use 1～3
Engelbart "Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework" (1962)
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22. theme of this conference:
Rediscover with Python
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23. How to discover?
→Methodology to find unknown
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24. When you see something...
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25. You see some part of the object
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26. If you see the object from the
left side, it looks like a sphere.
But if you see it from the bottom
side, you find it has a tail!
It is the process to
discover unknown
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27. How to discover?
→Change Perspective
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28. known ↔ unknown
Two? no, it’s not correct.
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29. obviously
known
obviously
unknown
Between known and unknown...
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30. obviously
known
obviously
unknown
不明not obvious
There are things which you don’t know
that you don’t know them.
“obvious” = “明” in Japanese
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31. blind spot
• Between “Things you know” and
“Things you don’t know”,
“Things you don’t know that you don’t
know them” exists
• You don’t see it, but you don’t notice
you don’t see it,
that is the blind spot
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32. Clarify what you know
obviously
known
obviously
unknown
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33. ←blind spot
Out of the border you can find
blind spot
obviously
known
obviously
unknown
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34. ←blindspot
Then the border expands
obviously
known
obviously
unknown
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35. How to find blind spot?
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36. In my book published in April
2013, I introduced three way
to learn
Comparison
History
Experience
Japanese, Korean, Chinese version are available,
English version is on going. http://nhiro.org/langbook/en.html
14年9月17日水曜日32

37. In my special feature article in this April, I added two
Comparison
History
Experience
+
Abstraction
Communication
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38. How to find blind spot?
Comparison
History
Experience
Abstraction
Communication
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39. Comparison
• You can find blind spot by comparing
programming languages
“In Ruby, 0 is true?! In Python it is false!”
“It differs among languages?”
“What is the definition in Python??”
object.__nonzero__(self)
Called to implement truth value testing and the built-in operation bool();
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40. History
• You can find blind spot by learning history.
“Why Python has new-style class and old class?”
→(Learn history)
→ “To unify types and classes? It’s important!”
“Old class has problem on method resolution order,
so we need new-style class. I got it.”
Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 | Python.org
https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro
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41. Experience
• You can find blind spot by doing based on your
understanding. Especially it won’t work as you
think.
“Oops, why 1/2 goes into 0? I think it goes 0.5!”
PEP 238 -- Changing the Division Operator
http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238/
If you think it is obviously
goes into 0, you didn’t find
your blind spot. You should
experience Python 3.
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42. Abstraction
• You can find blind spot by learning abstract
model and connect it to your experience. It
helps you verbalize implicit knowledge.
“Ah, I’m used to the coding pattern but I
didn’t know it was called Mediator Pattern!”
“Mailing lists are also Mediator Pattern in
information sharing domain!”
Abstract model can connect experiences
in different domain/person/situation.
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43. Communication
• You can find blind spot by talking with other
people who have different experiences.
“I have a problem...” “You can solve it by ...”
“Oh! Nice idea!” “But it is common in GUI
programming” “Hmm, I don’t know on GUI”
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44. How to find blind spot?
Comparison
History
Experience
Abstraction
Communication
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45. Communication
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46. Office Hour
13:00-13:30
Blog, Mail
see http://nhiro.org/
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47. Q&A
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48. Q: Some people ignore the chance
to find blind spot. How can I
manage them?
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49. A: “U Theory” is targeting
the problem. I’ll give lecture
on that in Kyoto Univ.
Summer Design School.
After that you can read my
slides on U soon.
http://www.design.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sds2014/ja/theme01.html
14年9月17日水曜日45

50. A: First, “How to manage
others” is not good
attitude. Change yourself
first.
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51. A: Second, you (and I)
sometimes ignore the
chance to find blind spot
too. It’s common. Be aware
and be careful. That helps
you find blind spot.
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52. A: Start from small step.
Make useful result by
finding blind spot.
Successful experience
make you confident.
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53. from my lecture
U Curve
PDCA Cycle and U Curve
U Curve
Otto Scharmer “U Theory”
state
action
14年9月17日水曜日49

54. from my lecture
U Curve
PDCA Cycle and U Curve
U Curve
←You stick on false belief and you don’t see.
Otto Scharmer “U Theory”
state
action
14年9月17日水曜日50

55. from my lecture
U Curve
PDCA Cycle and U Curve
U Curve
←You see, but from your perspective.
Otto Scharmer “U Theory”
state
action
You draw boundary between self and others,
thinking “they don’t do ...(some good action)”
14年9月17日水曜日51

56. Q: Is it important to
make abstract models?
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57. A: Yes, it’s important.
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58. Section 3 of my
special feature
is how to make
models.
You can read them(but in Japanese)
http://gihyo.jp/lifestyle/feature/01/engineer-studying
14年9月17日水曜日54

59. A: Sense of “I got it” is also
hypothesis. Hypothesis
should be tested.
Do action based on your
understanding and check
the result.
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60. A: If the result differ from your
understanding, it is chance to
adjust your models. To repeat the
process you can achieve better
models, and then based on that
you can make larger model.
This is a method.
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61. A: Another method KJ
method and grounded
theory. They are used in
domains, in which
experiments are difficult.
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62. A: I’ll introduce KJ method
roughly. First, collect a lot
of data. Don’t filter based
on your prejudice. Spread
all data on your desk.
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63. A: Human’s woring
memory is about seven.
But if you put data on
your desk, you can see
100~200 data at a time.
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64. A: Seeing 100 data, moving
them physically, making
structure from bottom up,
and then you get models
on your desk.
(Models in my book and special features are also developed
with KJ method)
14年9月17日水曜日60

65. Q: 5 ways to find blind
spot are not same on time
series.
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66. A: Good point. It’s my blind point.
Sure, “Abstraction” is follower. A
person without any programming
experience can not find blind spot
by reading design patterns
textbooks. Abstract models in book
doesn’t connect to his experience.
14年9月17日水曜日62

67. Q: How to share know-how
among testers.
(detail omitted)
14年9月17日水曜日63

68. A: It looks a problem to
share implicit, not
verbalized, knowledge.
One method is “work
together”
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69. A: By working together, we can
share knowledge without
verbalizing them.
Additionally, if one person is
prohibited to do anything
except for talking what to do, it
prompt verbalization.
Ref: Keith Sawyer "Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration"
14年9月17日水曜日65

70. A: We can make manuals
only after we verbalized
our knowledge.
Verbalization is difficult
job. Delegating the job
without any training
is bad idea.
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71. not verbalized knowledge
Ikujiro Nonaka "The knowledge creating company" Japanese version p93
from my lecture
verbalized
not verbalized
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72. not verbalized knowledge
Ikujiro Nonaka "The knowledge creating company" Japanese version p93
from my lecture
verbalized
not verbalized
↑pair programming, work together
14年9月17日水曜日68

73. Q: I make template to
share information and use
it. By answering questions,
required information will
be collected.
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74. A: Nice method. Even if
someone can not verbalize
himself, they can answer
to specific questions. It’s
common. Making good
questions are useful.
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75. A: However, be careful.
Sometimes we lose
information which is not fit
to the template.
Innovative information
don’t fit to existing
template.
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