The document discusses how PuppetDB can help with infrastructure provisioning and configuration challenges by providing a centralized database for Puppet data. PuppetDB stores facts, catalogs, and other data produced by Puppet runs. This data can be queried using the PuppetDB API or modules like PuppetDBquery to dynamically configure systems based on the states of other nodes and share information between nodes. Examples provided include using PuppetDB to populate files, load balance systems, and allow services to discover each other.