Michael Idvorsky Pupin, Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin, NASA, NACA

1. Petar Kocovic
July 10, 2013
Gradjevinski fakultet, Beograd
Pupin
NASA founder

2. Michael Pupin
•Serbian: Mihajlo Pupin
•Born: October 9th, 1854,
Idvor,Austro Hungarian Empire
•Dead: March 12, 1935, New
York, USA
•Number of patents: 35 (USA),
49 (outside USA)

3. PIVOTAL point
1900 – Pupin, Father of Long
Distance Telephony
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

4. 1900 – Contract with AT&T,
June 19
2012 – 11,125,000$2012 – 11,125,000$
1897 – 445,000$1897 – 445,000$
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr
Highest price ever paid for the formula!
AT&T bought patent rights for patents
632,230
632,231

5. FAMILY AND EARLY
LIFE

6. Mihajlo Pupin (1854, Idvor-
1935, USA)
Mihajlo had 5 sisters and 4 brothers. He was
9th
.
1854 – 46 yr1854 – 46 yr

7. Parents
• Alimpijada Milovanov Aleksic –
Pupin (1814-1885) – Michael’s
Mother
Married November 8 (21) 1832 in Opovo
Konstantin (1814-1873)

8. Idvor – Austro-Hungarian
Empire
Pupin’s grandfather Arsenije, his brother
(Mihajlo) and sister moved to Zemun,
than to Idvor

9. Ali Pasha (1740-1822) of
Yannina
•was born into a powerful clan in the village Beçisht
at the foot of the Këlcyrë mountains near the
Albanian town of Tepelenë
•1768: married the daughter of the wealthy pasha
of Delvina, with whom he entered an alliance.
•1787: awarded the pashaluk of Trikala in reward
for his services at Banat during the Austro-Turkish
War (1787–1791).
•1788: seized control of Ioannina. Ioannina would
be his power base for the next 33 years. He took
advantage of a weak Ottoman government to
expand his territory still further until he gained
control of most of Albania, western Greece and the
Peloponnese.
•Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 men
in a matter of two to three days, and could double
that number in two to three weeks.
1789 – 111 yr1789 – 111 yr

10. Moskopole (Voskopoja)
•Most important center of the
Aromanians (Tsintsars,
Vlahs).
•Small settlement until the end of
the 17th century, but afterwards
showed a remarkable financial
and cultural development.
•Moscopolis in its glory days
(1730–1760) had as many as
70,000 inhabitants;
•...other estimates placed its
population closer to 35,000

11. Nicha Albania, Graves of Pupin
Ancestors – Pupa Family

12. Vasile Pupa -Koza
•Killed some Turk
•In vendetaVasile Pupa -Koza was
killed
•His wife Pupa escaped with 500
goats and 100 sheeps toVevcani
village with four sons
–Djordji
–Nikola
–Stojan
Konstantin (~1740) ~1760 – 140yr~1760 – 140yr

13. Konstantin Pupin
•Arsenije (~1765-?)
–Married Stana (1770-1848)
•Mihajlo (~1770-?)
•Brothers moved to Zemun. Mihajlo
Constantine Popp was punished May
11, 1787 (Apelacioni sud)
1765 – 135 yr1765 – 135 yr

14. Arsenije Pupin
•Moved to Zemun with his brother
Mihajlo
–Zivan (1790-1847)
–Nikola (1806-1848)
–Konstantin (1814-1873)
1814 – 86 yr1814 – 86 yr

15. EARLY INVENTIONS IN
TELEPHONY

16. Samuel Finley Breese Morse
(27. 4. 1791, Charlestown – 2. 4. 1872)
18361836 - Invented first telegraph- Invented first telegraph
Adopted magnetism forAdopted magnetism for
electromagnetic telegraphyelectromagnetic telegraphy
1836– 64 yr1836– 64 yr

17. Long distance
communication before
Morse code

18. ... With the bugs... 

19. AlfredVail (25. 9 . 1807 Morristown–
18. 1. 1859)
1837-18451837-1845 work with Morse on commercializationwork with Morse on commercialization
of telegraphof telegraph
18451845 – was built first telegraph line Baltimor –– was built first telegraph line Baltimor –
WashingtonWashington
He made taster with second key and electromagnetsHe made taster with second key and electromagnets
1945– 55 yr1945– 55 yr

20. 1856 - NIKOLATESLA was
Born
1900 – 44 yr1900 – 44 yr

21. 1857 -TransatlanticTelegraph
Cable
• Cyrus Field organized second
expedition to change 700 miles of
cable what was broken under
Atlantic Ocean
• August 5, 1858- first messages
exchanged between British Queen
Victoria and USA president
Buchanan
1943– 0 yr1943– 0 yr

22. Transatlantic Cable
• First cable had 7 copper
wires
• Cable weight: 26kg/km
• Triple shield from gutaper
• Strength Force: few tons
• 1866 – first
commercialization of
Transatlantic cable
• transmission speed:
equivalent of 1⁄15 baud.

23. Civil War 1861-1865
1861 – 39 yr1861 – 39 yr

24. Lincoln was Killed – April 14,
1865
1865 – 35 yr1865 – 35 yr

25. Thomas Alva Edison (11. 2. 1847 – 18. 10.
1931)
18681868 – inventor of Ticker, for sending data from New– inventor of Ticker, for sending data from New
York Stock ExchangeYork Stock Exchange
Ticker – at one side was punched tapeTicker – at one side was punched tape
First ticker Edison sold for $30,000, what is equalFirst ticker Edison sold for $30,000, what is equal
$454,000 in 2012$454,000 in 2012
1900 – 32 yr1900 – 32 yr$30,000/454,000USD2012$30,000/454,000USD2012

26. 1869 -Western Union
• Shawk and Barton built
first network of
telegraph stations –
Western Union
1900 – 31 yr1900 – 31 yr

27. Higher Education in Pancevo
Gymnasium
1900 – 30 yr1900 – 30 yr

28. 1873 Panic – Stock Exchange was
closed 10 days (Sept 18)
1900 – 27 yr1900 – 27 yr

29. Westphalia ship
•1874, March 26 –
Michael Pupin entered to
Castle Garden (Long
Island-NewYork) in
Westphalia ship.Trip
started in Hamburg
(Germany).
•He was passenger of 3rd
class.
•Pupin attended high
school in Prague 1900 – 26 yr1900 – 26 yr

30. Pupin was obsessed by picture
– American Inventors

31. Alexander Graham Bell (3. 3. 1847
– 2. 8 . 1922)
7. 3.7. 3. 18761876 – Patent no 174 465, for– Patent no 174 465, for
“transmitting the voice...”“transmitting the voice...”
1900 – 32 yr1900 – 32 yr

32. Phone
First Bell’s commercialFirst Bell’s commercial
telephonetelephone

33. 1877- BellTelephone Company founded
Gardiner Green Hubbard – 30% Thomas Sanders – 30% Thomas Watson – 10%
Alexander Bell – 30% 1900 – 23 yr1900 – 23 yr

34. 1877- Bell Telephone Company
founded
1. July 9, 1877, by
Alexander Graham
Bell’s father-in-
law Gardiner Greene
Hubbard
July 11, 1877, Bell married Mabel
Hubbard
2. New England Telephone
and Telegraph Company
The Bell Telephone Company
was started on the basis of
holding "potentially valuable
patents", principally Bell's master
telephone patent #174465
1900 – 23 yr1900 – 23 yr

35. 1878-79- Bell Telephone Company
The two companies merged on February
17, 1879, to form two new entities, the
National Bell Telephone Company of
Boston, and the International Bell
Telephone Company, HQ in Brussels,
Belgium
On honeymoon trip to Europe Bell presents his invention. No
contract from UK
BTC doesn’t run well. Returning from honeymoon Bell asks BTC for
money
BTC in crisis
All telephone rights offered to Western Union for $ 100,000/1.95
milUSD2012. Refused by WU (toy!)
Blake offers his transmitter to BTC (as good as Edison’s of WU)
September 1878: WU starts lawsuit on Bell’s telephone patents
November 1879: WU stops the lawsuit. Agreement between BTC
and WU
1900 – 21 yr1900 – 21 yr$100,000/1,703,200USD2012$100,000/1,703,200USD2012

36. 1882-85- Bell Telephone Company
•1882: Sanders, Hubbard and Watson sell their shares;
Bell offers his shares to his bride
•Bell is offered position of chief inventor
He refuses: “I can not invent on command”
•125 telephone companies in operation
•1885: Foundation of AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph
Company)
1900 – 18 yr1900 – 18 yr

37. Bell Telephone Company business
model
BTC business model introduced by Theodore Vail (first president)
•BTC partner in entire telephone business
•no equipment sold, only leasing
•only BTC produced equipment is allowed to be connected to
BTC network
•local telephone companies under BTC umbrella
•every agent had to report on infringement of Bell’s patents
(expired 1893-1894)
•new inventions (patents) in the field of telephony are bought or a
lawsuit is started against the inventor
•standardized telephone equipment by control of production
1900 – 6 yr1900 – 6 yr

38. Lawsuit 1
1878: WU starts lawsuit: Elisha Gray, Amos Dolbear, Thomas
Edison
1879: Agreement:
•Bell was confirmed as the inventor of the telephone
•WU sold his telephone network to BTC
•BTC will not operate a telegraph network in the US
•WU gave BTC use of its telephone patents
David won the battle against Goliath,
and became a Goliath itself within a few years

39. Lawsuit 3
Edison invented a.o. the carbon microphone, which was superior to
Bell’s micro
Dolbear invented a.o. the “tin can telephone”, static telephone
Gray:
•co-founder of Gray & Barton, which later became Western Electric
•invented the liquid microphone, initially used by Bell
•filed a caveat similar to Bell’s patent on February 14, 1876, the same
day
as Bell applied for his famous patent; Gray was 2 hours later
(“Of all the men who did not invent the telephone, Gray was the
nearest”)

40. Today AT&T

41. Poet
1900 – 22 yr1900 – 22 yr
J.P. Morgan Invested 4.87Mil$ in
Edison Electric Illuminating
Company
Morgan
Age 40Age 40
Edison
Age 31Age 31
2012 – 83Mil$2012 – 83Mil$
1877 – 4.87Mil$1877 – 4.87Mil$

42. 1878 - Columbia University –
Pupin started his studies
1900 – 22 yr1900 – 22 yr

43. 1880 – Wrestling champion
in Columbia University
1900 – 20 yr1900 – 20 yr

44. James Clerk Maxwell
(1831-1879)
•Pupin expressed
interest in Light Theory.
•At this time, leading
authority was Maxwell,
student of Michael
Faraday.
Maxwell
Faraday

45. 1882 – J.P. Morgan financed First DC
Station – Pearl Street Station – New
York
1882 – 18 yr1882 – 18 yr
Originally powered by custom-made Porter-Allen high-speed
steam engines designed to provide 175 horsepower at 700 rpm
Unreliable with their sensitive governors
They were removed and replaced with new engines from
Armington & Sims that proved to be much more suitable for
Edison's dynamos

46. 1882 –Tesla worked in Edison
Office in Paris
Edison Age 35Edison Age 35
Tesla Age 26Tesla Age 26
1900 – 18 yr1900 – 18 yr

47. 1883 – American Citizenship
•Day before he finished studies at
Columbia College, Pupin received
American Citizenship
•Diploma from Columbia College
•He received Tyndall fellowship
1900 – 17 yr1900 – 17 yr

48. 1883-1885 at Cambridge University –
Trinity College
1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr
1900 – 17 yr1900 – 17 yr

49. 1884 –Tesla moved to Edison
Office in NewYork
Edison Age 37Edison Age 37
Tesla Age 28Tesla Age 28
Edison
Tesla
For improving DC, Edison promised to Tesla $50,000
2012 – 973,250$2012 – 973,250$
1884– 50,000$1884– 50,000$
1900 – 16 yr1900 – 16 yr

50. 1884 – Pearl Street Station – New
York had 508 Users and 10,164
Bulbs
Original Edison two-wire dc distribution line
showing the half-moon cross section of the
conductors and the conduit and insulation used
1900 – 16 yr1900 – 16 yr

51. 1885 –Tesla worked for Edison for
$10/Week
Edison Age 38Edison Age 38
Tesla Age 29Tesla Age 29
Edison
Tesla
2012 – 202$2012 – 202$
1897 – 10$1897 – 10$
1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr

52. 1885-1887 - Oliver Heaviside (1850-
1925)—An inventor who failed to file
crucial patents
•Patent GB 1407 – 1880, Coaxial-Cable
•1892 – attend Tesla presentation held in British
Electrical Engineers Institute: “Experiments with
high voltage, high frequency alternate currents”
•In 1885 and 1887 in British magazine Electrician
stated: “Without sufficient inductance (word first
used in English Language), permitting energy to be
stored in the magnetic field of the line, efficient
transmission would not be possible and much of
the energy of the signal would be transformed
into the heat”
1900 – 15-13 yr1900 – 15-13 yr

53. Heaviside coined the following terms of
art in electromagnetic theory:
•Electromagnetic terms
•admittance (December 1887);
•conductance (September 1885);
•electret for the electric analogue of a
permanent magnet, or, in other words, any
substance that exhibits a quasi-permanent
electric polarization (e.g. ferroelectric);
•impedance (July 1886);
•inductance (February 1886);
•permeability (September 1885);
•permittance (later susceptance; June 1887);
reluctance (May 1888).

54. 1885 – Last visit of Idvor
•Went to Pancevo to ask ms
Jelisaveta (Duta) Hadija to marry him.
•She resigned
•Ms Jelisaveta was of Tsintsar origin
1900 – 15 yr1900 – 15 yr

55. 1886 –Tesla Resigned
Edison Age 39Edison Age 39
Tesla Age 30Tesla Age 30
Edison
Tesla
2012 – 392$2012 – 392$
1886 – 18$1886 – 18$
•Tesla made improvement on DC motor, but Edison said that Tesla did not understood
American humor about 50,000$.
•Edison offered to Tesla 18$/week.
•Tesla immediately resigned.
•Tesla open his own company: The Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing Co.
•Business did not go well – so Tesla start to dig channels for 2$ week.
1900 – 14 yr1900 – 14 yr

56. 1886 –TheTesla Electric, Light
and Manufacturing Co.

57. 1888, May 1st –Tesla Patent No
381,968
Tesla Age 32Tesla Age 32

58. 1888, July Start Negotiations with
Westinghouse
Tesla Age 32Tesla Age 32
Tesla
Westinghouse
Tesla Electric Company received 75,000$ in Cash
for 7 patents
2.5$ from manufactured HP of Electrical Energy
2,000$ monthly fee for consulting activities in
Westinghouse company in period of 12 months
1888 – 2.5$HP/2012 – 55$1888 – 2.5$HP/2012 – 55$
1888 – 75,000$/2012-
1,635,060$
1888 – 75,000$/2012-
1,635,060$
1888 – 2,000/2012 –1888 – 2,000/2012 –

59. Lagrange Equations
Joseph Louis Lagrange (Jan 25, 1736, Turin, Italy –
April 10, 1813, Paris, France)
•Pupin studied Lagrange Equations.
Later he used this theory to calculate
wave speed, what was foundation for
long distance telephony.
•Lagrange’s paper: “Research sur la
nature et la propagation de Sou” was
the basis for Pupin’s invention of
loaded line in telephone signal
transmission

60. 1885-1889 at University of Berlin
Disertation:
Der Osmotische Druck und Seine Bezichung
zur Freien Energie, June 1889
1900 – 15-11 yr1900 – 15-11 yr

61. Ceremony was in Greek Orthodox Church in London
1900 – 12 yr1900 – 12 yr
… sister of his classmate A.V.Williams
Jackson (1862-1937)
• 1888 - MARRIED WITH
SARAH KATHERINE
JACKSON (APRIL 7, 1859-
APRIL 25, 1896)

62. 1889 Back to Columbia University
• Pupin returned to
Columbia University to
become a lecturer of
mathematical
physics in the newly
formed Department of
Electrical Engineering.
• Pupin's research
pioneered carrier
wave detection and
current analysis.
1900 – 11 yr1900 – 11 yr

63. Pupin’s portrait around 1890

64. Broadway around 1890 and before
1874

65. 1893 Panic
1900 – 7 yr1900 – 7 yr

66. Unemployment Rate on 100
Citizens
Year Lebergott
1890 4.0
1891 5.4
1892 3.0
1893 11.7
1894 18.4
1895 13.7
1896 14.5
1897 14.5
1898 12.4
1899 6.5
1900 5.0

67. 1894 – Expired Bells patents for the
telephone…
… opening the telephone industry to competition.
Within a decade, over 6,000 companies went into the
telephone business in localities across the country.
Phone and phone central station around 1890
1900 – 6 yr1900 – 6 yr

68. 1895 William Jennings Bryan –
Candidate for USA President –
Speeches againstTycoons
1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

69. 1895
Rockefeller, Carnegie & Morgan donate to
William McKinley, opponent of Bryan – 200,000$
each, with intention to buy President who will
protect their wealth
2012 – 13,080,480 Mil$2012 – 13,080,480 Mil$
1895 – 600,000$1895 – 600,000$ 1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

70. Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
(27.3.1845-10.2.1925)
November 8th 1895 – made first photos of X-raysNovember 8th 1895 – made first photos of X-rays
1900 – 5 yr1900 – 5 yr

71. Tesla X-ray in Electrical Review
1896

72. Pupin’s X - rays
January 2, 1896 – replicate X rays asJanuary 2, 1896 – replicate X rays as
secondary products of fluo tubes lightsecondary products of fluo tubes light
1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

73. X-ray palm

74. Pupin’s patent of X-ray tray

75. X-ray tube - today model

76. 1896 Pupin
contracted
Hemorrhagic
Pneumonia
1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr
• During curing of
Mihajlo– his wife died
• He stopped research
in the field of X-rays

77. Sarah Katherine Jackson Pupin
died on April 25, 1896
1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

78. Varvara Pupin (1889 (?)Yonkers-1962
August (2?) NewYork)
Paja Jovanovic –
Varvara Pupin, 1903
Patent 1936

79. 1896 William McKinley was Elected
as 25th
President of USA
Average Salary: 100$
Panic 1896
2012 – 2,180$2012 – 2,180$
1896 – 100$1896 – 100$ 1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

80. 1896 Adams Power Station Facts
•Notable features: Largest power station ever
built until 1895. Attracted national attention due
to the enormous size of the project, and
collaboration of both electric giants of the
continent: GE and Westinghouse contributed to
the publicity engine.
•Frequency: 25 Hz, Two-Phase, Alternating
Current
•Power Transmission Length: 25 miles at 11,000
volts using #1 wire
•Power system built by: Westinghouse
•Notable Engineers: Thomas Evershed
•Cataract Company: George Forbes
•Westinghouse: Benjamin G. Lamme, Oliver
Shallenberger, Nikola Tesla
•General Electric: William Stanley, Dr. Louis Bell,
Charles P. Steinmetz
•Maximum Power Output: 37 Megawatts: 50,000
horsepower (1896)
1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

81. 1896 – J.P. Morgan bought all Edison’s
Shares in General Electric
•GE was most valuable company in the world
– 50,000,000$
•GE used AC!
•Morgan was 3rd most influenced men in USA
after Rockefeller and Carnegie
2012 – 1,090,004,000$2012 – 1,090,004,000$
1896 – 50,000,000$1896 – 50,000,000$ 1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

82. 1896 – John Stone Stone – AT&T
•Worked for the AT&T
•First to attempt to apply Heaviside's ideas to
real telecommunications.
•Stone used (1896) a bimetallic iron-
copper cable which he had patented
•His cable would increase the line inductance
due to the iron content and had the
potential to meet the Heaviside condition.
•Left the company in 1899 - the idea was
never implemented.
Before 1896 – only iron cables are used for
signal transmitting.
1900 – 4 yr1900 – 4 yr

83. 1898Tesla Wireless Boat/Madison Square
Garden Exhibition
1900 – 2 yr1900 – 2 yr

84. 1898 Wireless Control
•First commercial use – after 1960
1900 – 2 yr1900 – 2 yr

85. 1899 –Tesla – Colorado Springs, May
17
1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

86. 1899-George Ashley Campbell
•Tasked with continuing the investigation into
Stone's bimetallic cable, but soon abandoned
it in favor of the loading coil.
•Campbell was aware of Heaviside's work in
discovering the Heaviside condition, but
unaware of Heaviside's suggestion of using
loading coils to enable a line to meet it.
•The motivation for the change of direction
was Campbell's limited budget.
•The very first demonstration of loading coils
on a telephone cable was on a 46-mile length
of the so-called Pittsburgh cable (the test
was actually in Boston, the cable had
previously been used for testing in
Pittsburgh) on September 6, 1899 carried
out by Campbell himself and his assistant.
•Campbell's work on loading coils provided
the theoretical basis for his subsequent work
on filters which proved to be so important
for frequency-division multiplexing.
1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

87. 1899 – NikolaTesla Company
Value $300,000/$200x1,500shares
Tesla entered
17 wireless
patents as the
value of the
company
Owners of Tesla Electric
Co:
-- Astor 33%
-- Simpson and Crawford
3.3%
-Mr Mils 3.3%
-- Nikola Tesla 60.4%
1900 – 1 yr1900 – 1 yr

88. Professor Michael Pupin cca 1900
Published 2 papers:
-1899: “Propagation of Long Electrical
Waves”
- 1900: “Wave transmission over Non-
uniform Cables and Long Distance Lines”
…“with special designed coils (later called
Pupin Coils), at regular intervals, telephony on
underground cable could be extended by few
hundred kilometers and on o/w by several
thousand kilometers without an increase of
cable diameter.”
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

89. 1900 – Second Mandate William
McKinley as USA President
Vice-president – Theodore Roosevelt
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr

90. 1900Tesla start Wardenclyffe Project
Morgan Invest 150,000$ for 51% ofTesla
Electric Co.
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr2012 – 3,270,120$2012 – 3,270,120$
1900 – 150,000$1900 – 150,000$
Morgan bought Tesla wireless
Patents
Owners of Tesla
Electric Co:
-Morgan 51%
-- Astor 33%
-- Simpson and
Crawford 3.3%
-Mr Mils 3.3%
-- Nikola Tesla 9.4%

91. 1900 – Contract with AT&T, June
19
2012 – 9,919,000$2012 – 9,919,000$
1900 – 445,000$1900 – 445,000$
1900 – 0 yr1900 – 0 yr
Highest price ever paid for the formula!
AT&T bought patent rights for patents (1900)
632,230
632,231

92. Pupin’s Loading Coil – Schematic
Diagram
Heaviside Line model – Schematic Diag.

93. Loading coil
Original Pupin’s
Loading Coil in
Smithsonian Museum

94. Producing Coils-Hose

95. Pupin’s Coil
•Pupin's 1894 patent "loads" the line with
capacitors rather than inductors, a scheme that
has been criticised as being theoretically flawed
and never put into practice.
•One variant of the capacitor scheme proposed
by Pupin does indeed have coils.
•These are not intended to compensate the line in
any way.They are there merely to restore DC
continuity to the line so that it may be tested
with regular equipment.
•Pupin states that the inductance is to be so
large that it will block all AC signals above
50 Hz. (Start fight withTesla)
•Consequently, only the capacitor is adding any
significant impedance to the line and "the coils
will not exercise any material influence on the
results before noted

96. Heviside-Pupin Legal Battle
Campbell was the first to actually construct a telephone circuit using loading coils.
Heaviside never patented his idea; no commercial advantage of any of his work.
Heaviside was the first to publish and many would dispute Pupin's priority.
AT&T fought a legal battle with Pupin over his claim. Pupin was first to patent but
Campbell had already conducted practical demonstrations before Pupin had even filed his
patent (December 1899). Campbell's delay in filing was due to the slow internal
machinations of AT&T. AT&T foolishly deleted from Campbell's proposed patent
application all the tables and graphs detailing the exact value of inductance that would be
required before the patent was submitted.
Since Pupin's patent contained a (less accurate) formula, AT&T was open to claims of
incomplete disclosure.
By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $200,000 /$4.36milUSD2012 and by 1917, when
the AT&T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $455,000 /
9.9milUSD2012

97. Benefit to AT&T
It has been estimated that AT&T saved $100 million in the first quarter of the 20th
century.
$100mil/1,816milUSD2012$100mil/1,816milUSD2012

98. 1901 US President McKinley was
killed –Theodore Roosevelt was 26th
President of USA
1901 + 1 yr1901 + 1 yr

99. 1901 – Marconi sent “Letter S”
over Atlantic Ocean
1901 + 1 yr1901 + 1 yr
Marconi Age 27Marconi Age 27
Marconi used Morse code to transfer signal from
Newfoundland to England
Morgan lost interest for Tesla experiments

100. Implementation of Pupin Coil
•1902 – 17km – NewYork – Newark
•1906 – 127km – NewYork – New Heaven
•1906 – 140km – NewYork – Philadelphia
•724km – Boston – NewYork- Washington
(before telephone amplifiers) – Coil on every
1,850m
1902-1906 + 2-6 yr1902-1906 + 2-6 yr

101. Pupin in Europe
1902 + 2 yr1902 + 2 yr
•1902 – 32km – Berlin-Postdam

102. Pupin in Europe
•1904, February 4 – Pupin improved patent with the help of
Siemens-Halske company
•Siemens immediately bought patent
•Pupin got 1/3 of the Siemens profit
1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

103. Twisted-pair cables
•Beginning of twisted-pairing cables
–1.5mm – w/o Pupin coils – 40 km, w Pupin coils 220km
–2mm – w/o Pupin coils – 60km, w Pupin coils 320km
•1906 – underwater paper-taped insulating cables – 12km
– 7 pairs. Depth – 250m, 22 Pupin Coils – Lake
Constance
1906 + 6 yr1906 + 6 yr

104. First underground cable
Berlin-Cologne (600km)

105. 1904 -Theodore Roosevelt 26th
President of USA – Second Mandate
1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

106. 1904 – Roosevelt start Campaign
against Rockefeller and Morgan
1904 + 4 yr1904 + 4 yr

107. 1905 – First Flight, Dec 5,Wright
Brothers
1905 + 5 yr1905 + 5 yr

108. 1905 – Albert Einstein GeneralTheory
of Relativity
Einstein Age 26Einstein Age 26
1905 + 5 yr1905 + 5 yr

109. 1907 - Panic
1907 + 7 yr1907 + 7 yr

110. 1909 – William HowardTaft – 27.
President of the USA
1909 + 9 yr1909 + 9 yr

111. 1911 – Honorary deputy Consul of
Kingdom of Serbia in NewYork
1911 + 11 yr1911 + 11 yr

112. 1915 – Albert Einstein SpecialTheory of
Relativity
Einstein Age 36Einstein Age 36
1915 + 15 yr1915 + 15 yr

113. 1915, March 3- NACA founders
(today NASA)
1915 + 15 yr1915 + 15 yr

114. 1917 – Pupin Patents expired
He realized more than $1 million
1917 + 17 yr1917 + 17 yr$1mil/18.6MilUSd2012$1mil/18.6MilUSd2012

115. Our Dreams about
Size of Serbia

116. Serbia toTokio

117. Serbia toTokio

118. Today
Anatoly Aleksievic Klyosov (Harvard)
Serbs are oldest in Europe

119. Vinca Civilization
-5000B.C.

120. King Dusan
Empire, cca 1350

121. Balkan 1355 -Turkish
Maps

122. King Dusan
Empire -
Military
Archive in
Pecsuj

123. Douchan Le Grand Empire -
Population of Serbs

124. Europe cca 1350 A.D.

125. Rumelia & Anatolia

126. Europe - 1490 A.D.

127. Sanjak of Bosnia 17 c

128. Serbia 1833-
1878
I Serbian Uprising 1804
II Serbian Uprising 1815
The Convention of Ackerman
1826
&
Treaty in Adrianople 1829
&
Hatt-I-Shariff recognized
suzerainity of Serbia
I Serbian Constitution -
February 15, 1835

129. 1821
Greek War Of Indenpendence

130. SerbianVojvodina – after Austrian
1848 Revolution

131. Herzegovina Uprising
(1875-1878)
Omar Pasha

132. Congress of Berlin - 1878

133. 1876 Serbia proclaimed unification
with Bosnia and declared war on the
Ottoman Emire

135. Albanian FourVilayets (1875-
1878)

136. Ethnical Map on Balkans -1880

138. Vilayet of Kosovo 1881-1912

139. First Balkan War (October 1912-May 1913)
Balkan League (Serbia, Greece,
Montenegro & Bulgaria) against
Ottoman Empire
Some Extension of Balkan
Countries
Creation of independent Albanian
state)
London Conference was signed
on Dec 3, 1912
Bulgaria was not satisfied

140. Balkans –Treaty of Bucharest
June 29, 1913 - August 10,
1913
Bulgaria vs Serbia+Greece
Treaty in Bucharest
signed August 10, 1913

141. Macedonia 1913

142. After WWI

143. 1918 - Pupin Negotiator in
Versaille Agreement
1918 + 18 yr1918 + 18 yr

144. Man-Wolf-Boat-Cabbage Problem

145. Friendship with Woodrow Wilson
Pupin was member of Republican Party – Wilson of
Democrat party
American president Wilson was Pupin’s friend. This
friendship helped Pupin to the Paris Peace Conference in
1919 for the formation of former Yugoslavia

146. Pupin was assistant of
Nikola Pasic onVersailles
Treaty – 1918 - 1919
1918 – 18 yr1918 – 18 yr
• Pupin was assistant of Nikola
Pasic, Serbian Prime Minister of
Kingdom of Serbia (later prime
minister of Kingdom of
Yugoslavia)

147. Pupin was assistant of
Nikola Pasic on
VersaillesTreaty – 1918 -
1919
• He motivated American President
Woodrow Wilson to give to Serbia parts
of Austro-Hungarian Empire (Croatia,
Slovenia, Bosnia and Hercegovina).At this
time Macedonia and Montenegro were
part of Serbian Kingdom.
1918 – 18 yr1918 – 18 yr

148. ... cont.
• Because Pupin’s authority,
Pasic, who had strong
karma, did not accept to be
minor player, and removed
Pupin from his negotiation
team
• Negotiations without Pupin
did not advanced, so Pasic
call Pupin back after 3
months. Pupin accepted his
call because of higher
interests of the situation.
• In his speech to Congress
on January 8, 1918, known
as the Fourteen Points
speech, U.S. president
Woodrow Wilson, inspired
by his conversations with
Pupin, insisted on the
restoration of Serbia and
Montenegro, as well as
autonomy for the peoples of

149. Woodrow Wilson
speech in Congress:
January 8, 1918 – 14
points
• 1.Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings
of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
• 2.Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as
the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
• 3.The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of equality of trade conditions
among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
• 4.Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent
with domestic safety.
• 5.A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance
of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned
must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
• 6.The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure
the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and
unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national
policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own
choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire.
The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will,
of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and
unselfish sympathy.
• 7.Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the
sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will
serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for
the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of
international law is forever impaired.
• 8.All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by
Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty
years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
• 9.A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
• 10.The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured,
should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
• 11.Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded
free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by
friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of
the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered
into.
• 12.The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other
nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely
unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a
free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
• 13.An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably
Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and
economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
• 14.A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual
guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

150. Serbia then and now

151. 1929 – Great Depression
1929 + 29 yr1929 + 29 yr2012 – 1.062$2012 – 1.062$
1929 – 100$1929 – 100$

152. 1931- Coaxial Cable Patent, Dec 8, 1931 -
Bell Labs Project
1931 + 31 yr1931 + 31 yr

153. 1935 –Tesla visited Pupin in
Hospital
Tesla Age 79Tesla Age 79
Pupin Died – Tesla
visited him in the
hospital Pupin Died at Age 81Pupin Died at Age 81
1935 + 35 yr1935 + 35 yr

154. Died on March 12, 1935
1935 – 35 yr1935 – 35 yr
Pupin Died at Age 81Pupin Died at Age 81

155. Newspapers about Pupin’s Death

156. HONORS ANDTRIBUTES

157. 1904 – Honorary Member of Electrical
Engineering Society

158. 1915 – Ph.D. Law – Johns Hopkins
University

159. 1920 - Edison Medal to Micheal Pupin

160. Friend withThomas Edison

161. 1922 – Fellow of American
Geographical Society

162. 1922 – Woodrow Wilson Award

163. 1924 – Pulitzer Prize
Circulation: 100,000

164. 1924 – Pulitzer Prize Letter

165. 1924 -Doctor of Law Diploma

166. 1925 – Ph.D in Humane Letters

167. 1926 – Ph.D. Of Law - Berkeley

168. 1932 – John Fritz Medal

169. 1932 – Engineerings Honor

170. After Pupin’s Death

171. Pupin Hall at Columbia
University

172. Painting of Michael Pupin in Pupin
Hall – Columbia University

173. Pupin Medalist

174. Cont...

175. OnYugoslav banknote – cca 1990

176. 2002 –Yugoslav President Kostunica
donate Pupin’s Bust to Columbia
University

177. 2004 Pupin Medal – Serbian
Academy of Science – 150Years
from Pupin Birth

178. Pupin’s Portrait in Idvor

179. Institute “Mihajlo Pupin” –
Belgrade, Serbia

180. ONE MORETHING

181. Donations

182. Value of donation in original USD
USD0.00
USD200,000.00
USD400,000.00
USD600,000.00
USD800,000.00
USD1,000,000.0
0
USD1,200,000.0
0
USD1,400,000.0
0
USD1,600,000.0
0
USD1,800,000.0
0
1914 1919 1921 1923 1925 1927 1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943
In original USD 340,681-3,928,339USD2012• Fond Pijade Aleksic Pupin
• $8,342/108,194USD2012

183. Golden bell for Church on
Kajmakcalan
Bell was stolen

184. 1919 – Donation of
Canbanaria in
Ochrid
• Pupin donate
Golden Bell to
church Sveta
Bogorodica
Perivlepta
• Value of
donation
50,000 USD in

185. Pupin
NASA founder
Petar Kocovic
July 10, 2013
Gradjevinski fakultet, Beograd