This presentation describes life and work of Michael Pupin in 10 pictures.

1. Petar Kocovic
October 8, 2015
Pupin
in 10 Pictures

2. Picture #10
Personal Data

3. Michael Pupin
• Serbian: Mihajlo Pupin
• Born: October 9th, 1854,
Idvor, Austrian Empire
• Dead: March 12, 1935, New
York, USA
• Number of patents: 35
(USA), 49 (outside USA)

4. Mihajlo Pupin (1854, Idvor-1935,
USA)
Mihajlo had 5 sisters and 4 brothers. He was
9th.
1854 – 46 yr

5. Parents
Alimpijada Milovanov Aleksic – Pupin
(1814-1885) – Michael’s Mother
Married November 8 (20) 1832 in Opovo
Konstantin (1814-1873)

6. Died on March 12, 1935
1935 – 35 yr
Pupin Died at Age 81

7. Newspapers about Pupin’s Death

8. Picture #9
Trip to USA

9. Westphalia ship
• 1874, March 26 – Michael
Pupin entered to Castle
Garden (Long Island-New
York) in Westphalia ship.
Trip started in Hamburg
(Germany).
• He was passenger of 3rd
class.
• Pupin attended high school
in Prague
1900 – 26 yr

10. Pupin was obsessed by
picture – American Inventors

11. 1878 - Columbia University –
Pupin started his studies
1900 – 22 yr

12. Picture #8
Year 1883

13. 1883 – American Citizenship
• Day before he finished studies at
Columbia College, Pupin received
American Citizenship
• Diploma from Columbia College
• He received Tyndall fellowship
1900 – 17 yr

14. 1883-1885 at Cambridge University –
Trinity College
1900 – 15 yr
1900 – 17 yr

15. 1885-1889 at University of Berlin
Disertation:
Der Osmotische Druck und Seine
Bezichung zur Freien Energie, June 1889
1900 – 15-11 yr

16. Picture #7
Heaviside

17. Lagrange Equations
Joseph Louis Lagrange (Jan 25, 1736, Turin, Italy –
April 10, 1813, Paris, France)
• Pupin studied Lagrange Equations.
Later he used this theory to
calculate wave speed, what was
foundation for long distance
telephony.
• Lagrange’s paper: “Research sur la
nature et la propagation de Sou” -
basis for Pupin’s invention of
loaded line in telephone signal
transmission

18. 1885-1887 - Oliver Heaviside (1850-
1925)—An inventor who failed to file
crucial patents
•Patent GB 1407 – 1880, Coaxial-Cable
•1892 – attend Tesla presentation held in
British Electrical Engineers Institute:
“Experiments with high voltage, high
frequency alternate currents”
•In 1885 and 1887 in British magazine
Electrician stated: “Without sufficient
inductance (word first used in English
Language), permitting energy to be stored in
the magnetic field of the line, efficient
transmission would not be possible and much
of the energy of the signal would be
transformed into the heat”
1900 – 15-13 yr

19. Heaviside coined the following terms of
art in electromagnetic theory:
Electromagnetic terms
• admittance (December 1887);
• conductance (September 1885);
• electret for the electric analogue of a permanent
magnet, or, in other words, any substance that
exhibits a quasi-permanent electric polarization
(e.g. ferroelectric);
• impedance (July 1886);
• inductance (February 1886);
• permeability (September 1885);
• permittance (later susceptance; June 1887);
• reluctance (May 1888).

20. Picture #6
Last Visit of Idvor

21. 1885 – Last visit of Idvor
• Went to Pancevo to ask ms
Jelisaveta (Duta) Hadija to marry
him.
• She resigned
• Ms Jelisaveta was of Tsintsar
origin
1900 – 15 yr

22. Ceremony was in Greek Orthodox Church in London
1900 – 12 yr
… sister of his classmate A. V. Williams
Jackson (1862-1937)
1888 - MARRIED WITH SARAH
KATHERINE JACKSON (APRIL 7,
1859-APRIL 25, 1896)

23. Picture #5
Sarah, Barbara and
Paja Jovanovic

24. 1896 Pupin
contracted
Hemorrhagic
Pneumonia
1900 – 4 yr
•During curing of Mihajlo–
his wife died
•He stopped research in the
field of X-rays

25. Sarah Katherine Jackson Pupin
died on April 25, 1896
1900 – 4 yr

26. Varvara Pupin (1889 (?) Yonkers-1962
August (2?) New York)
Paja Jovanovic – Varvara
Pupin, 1903
Patent 1936

27. Original Version

28. Military Version

30. Professor Michael Pupin cca 1900

31. Picture #4
X - rays

32. Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
(27.3.1845-10.2.1925)
November 8th 1895 – made first photos of X-
rays
1900 – 5 yr

33. Tesla X-ray in Electrical Review
1896

34. Pupin’s X - rays
January 2, 1896 – replicate X rays as
secondary products of fluo tubes light
1900 – 4 yr

35. Pupin’s patent of X-ray tray

36. X-ray tube - today model

37. Picture #3
Pupin’s most famous
Patent

38. Broadway around 1890 and
before 1874

39. 1900 – Contract with AT&T, June 19
2012 – 9,919,000$
1900 – 445,000$
1900 – 0 yr
Highest price ever paid for the formula!
AT&T bought patent rights for patents (1900)
632,230
632,231

40. Pupin’s Loading Coil – Schematic Diagram
Heaviside Line model – Schematic Diag.

41. Loading coil
Original Pupin’s
Loading Coil in
Smithsonian Museum

43. Producing Coils-Hose

44. Pupin’s Coil
• Pupin's 1894 patent "loads" the line with
capacitors rather than inductors, a scheme
that has been criticised as being theoretically
flawed and never put into practice.
• One variant of the capacitor scheme
proposed by Pupin does indeed have coils.
• These are not intended to compensate the
line in any way. They are there merely to
restore DC continuity to the line so that it may
be tested with regular equipment.
• Pupin states that the inductance is to be so
large that it will block all AC signals above 50
Hz. (Start fight with Tesla)
• Consequently, only the capacitor is adding
any significant impedance to the line and "the
coils will not exercise any material influence
on the results before noted

45. Heviside-Pupin Legal Battle
Campbell was the first to actually construct a telephone circuit using loading coils.
Heaviside never patented his idea; no commercial advantage of any of his work.
Heaviside was the first to publish and many would dispute Pupin's priority.
AT&T fought a legal battle with Pupin over his claim. Pupin was first to patent but
Campbell had already conducted practical demonstrations before Pupin had even
filed his patent (December 1899). Campbell's delay in filing was due to the slow
internal machinations of AT&T. AT&T foolishly deleted from Campbell's proposed
patent application all the tables and graphs detailing the exact value of inductance
that would be required before the patent was submitted.
Since Pupin's patent contained a (less accurate) formula, AT&T was open to
claims of incomplete disclosure.
By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $200,000 /$4.36milUSD2012 and by 1917,
when the AT&T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of
$455,000 /9.9milUSD2012

46. Benefit to AT&T
It has been estimated that AT&T saved $100 million in the first quarter of the
20th century.
$100mil/1,816milUSD2012

47. Implementation of Pupin Coil
• 1902 – 17km – New York – Newark
• 1906 – 127km – New York – New Heaven
• 1906 – 140km – New York – Philadelphia
• 724km – Boston – New York- Washington (before
telephone amplifiers) – Coil on every 1,850m
1902-1906 + 2-6 yr

48. Pupin in Europe
1902 + 2 yr
• 1902 – 32km – Berlin-Postdam

49. Pupin in Europe
• 1904, February 4 – Pupin improved patent with the help of
Siemens-Halske company
• Siemens immediately bought patent
• Pupin got 1/3 of the Siemens profit
1904 + 4 yr

50. Twisted-pair cables
• Beginning of twisted-pairing cables
– 1.5mm – w/o Pupin coils – 40 km, w Pupin coils 220km
– 2mm – w/o Pupin coils – 60km, w Pupin coils 320km
1906 – underwater paper-taped insulating cables – 12km – 7
pairs. Depth – 250m, 22 Pupin Coils – Lake Constance
1906 + 6 yr

51. First underground cable
Berlin-Cologne (600km)

52. Picture #2
NACA

53. 1915, March 3- NACA founders (today
NASA)
1915 + 15 yr

54. 1917 – Pupin Patents expired
He realised more than $1 million
1917 + 17 yr$1mil/18.6MilUSd2012

55. Picture #1
Few other Pupin’s
Famous Patents

59. Pupin
in 10 Pictures
Petar Kocovic
October 8, 2015