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Pumps
Goals
• Describe how centrifugal and positive-displacement
pumps operate and common applications.
• Calculate system head requirements.
• Determine head, pump efficiency, and pump.
horsepower from a typical centrifugal pump curve.
• Define net positive suction head (NPSH) and
understand how it relates to cavitation.
• Compute NPSH required by a pump.
• Determine an appropriate pump (impeller diameter,
efficiency, etc.) for a given required head.
• Describe how to modify system to operate on the
appropriate pump curve.
Background
Fluid Moving Equipment
Fluids are moved through flow systems using pumps, fans,
blowers, and compressors. Such devices increase the
mechanical energy of the fluid. The additional energy can
be used to increase
• Velocity (flow rate)
• Pressure
• Elevation
Background
Pump, fan, blower, and compressor are terms
that do not have precise meaning. Generally
pumps move liquids while fans, blowers and
compressors add energy to gasses.
Pumps and fans do not appreciably affect the
density of the fluids that they move and thus
incompressible flow theory is applicable.
Centrifugal Pumps
Most common type of pumping machinery. There are many
types, sizes, and designs from various manufacturers who
also publish operating characteristics of each pump in the
form of performance (pump) curves. The device pictured on
the cover page is a centrifugal pump.
Pump curves describe head delivered, pump efficiency, and
net positive suction head (NPSH) for a properly operating
specific model pump.
Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high flow rates
and moderate head increases are required.
Centrifugal Pumps
Impeller
Positive Displacement Pumps
To move fluids positive displacement pumps admit a
fixed volume of liquid from the inlet into a chamber
and eject it into the discharge.
Positive displacement pumps are used when higher
head increases are required. Generally they do not
increase velocity.
Positive Displacement Pump
Pump Head
What happens if the MEB is multiplied through by g (gc/g)?
 



















  2
4
2
1
ˆ 2
2
V
K
D
L
f
p
z
g
V
g
g
W
i


What are the units (SI)?
2
2
m
s
kg
m
N 
2
2
2
3
m
s
s
kg
m
kg


 m

W/g has units of length and is known as the pump head
^
NPSH
(Net Positive Suction Head)
a
fs
vap
a
c
Z
h
P
P
g
g
NPSH 












Pa
Za
hfs
Pump Curves
Example
What pump horsepower is required to pump 150 GPM
of water at a total head of 225 ft using a Goulds Model
3196 operating at 3540 RPM ?
What is the required NPSH ?
What is the pump efficiency ?
System Response
What happens when flow control valve is closed?
• Resistance (f) increases
• Flow rate decreases
• Need more head to recover flow rate
Tank A
2
Tank B
1
3
System Response
Valve Open
Constant
Head Response
Constant
Flow Response
Valve Closed

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pumps.ppt

  • 2. Goals • Describe how centrifugal and positive-displacement pumps operate and common applications. • Calculate system head requirements. • Determine head, pump efficiency, and pump. horsepower from a typical centrifugal pump curve. • Define net positive suction head (NPSH) and understand how it relates to cavitation. • Compute NPSH required by a pump. • Determine an appropriate pump (impeller diameter, efficiency, etc.) for a given required head. • Describe how to modify system to operate on the appropriate pump curve.
  • 3. Background Fluid Moving Equipment Fluids are moved through flow systems using pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors. Such devices increase the mechanical energy of the fluid. The additional energy can be used to increase • Velocity (flow rate) • Pressure • Elevation
  • 4. Background Pump, fan, blower, and compressor are terms that do not have precise meaning. Generally pumps move liquids while fans, blowers and compressors add energy to gasses. Pumps and fans do not appreciably affect the density of the fluids that they move and thus incompressible flow theory is applicable.
  • 5. Centrifugal Pumps Most common type of pumping machinery. There are many types, sizes, and designs from various manufacturers who also publish operating characteristics of each pump in the form of performance (pump) curves. The device pictured on the cover page is a centrifugal pump. Pump curves describe head delivered, pump efficiency, and net positive suction head (NPSH) for a properly operating specific model pump. Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high flow rates and moderate head increases are required.
  • 8. Positive Displacement Pumps To move fluids positive displacement pumps admit a fixed volume of liquid from the inlet into a chamber and eject it into the discharge. Positive displacement pumps are used when higher head increases are required. Generally they do not increase velocity.
  • 10. Pump Head What happens if the MEB is multiplied through by g (gc/g)?                        2 4 2 1 ˆ 2 2 V K D L f p z g V g g W i   What are the units (SI)? 2 2 m s kg m N  2 2 2 3 m s s kg m kg    m  W/g has units of length and is known as the pump head ^
  • 11. NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) a fs vap a c Z h P P g g NPSH              Pa Za hfs
  • 13. Example What pump horsepower is required to pump 150 GPM of water at a total head of 225 ft using a Goulds Model 3196 operating at 3540 RPM ? What is the required NPSH ? What is the pump efficiency ?
  • 14. System Response What happens when flow control valve is closed? • Resistance (f) increases • Flow rate decreases • Need more head to recover flow rate Tank A 2 Tank B 1 3
  • 15. System Response Valve Open Constant Head Response Constant Flow Response Valve Closed