This document discusses public mental health and prevention strategies. It notes that by 2020, depression is projected to be the leading cause of disability worldwide. It defines different levels of prevention, from primary to tertiary, and discusses stress, its role in illness, and definitions from prevention organizations. The document also examines early intervention in schizophrenia, defining universal, selective, and indicated prevention approaches. It notes concerns with preventive interventions like high false positive rates and unnecessary treatment. The document outlines a model of mental health services and Malaysia's national policy and community outreach efforts to promote mental health.
Better outcomes, better value: integrating physical and mental health into clinical practice and commissioning
Tuesday 24 June 2014: 15 Hatfields, Chadwick Court, London
Definition of mental health
Concept of normalcy, normal mind characteristics of abnormality
Overview of mental health globally
Prevalence of mental health in developing countries
Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness
Description of measurable indicators of positive well being, good psychological adjustment
Personality development including behavioral, psychodynamic, cognitive, moral and other schools of personality.
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
Better outcomes, better value: integrating physical and mental health into clinical practice and commissioning
Tuesday 24 June 2014: 15 Hatfields, Chadwick Court, London
Definition of mental health
Concept of normalcy, normal mind characteristics of abnormality
Overview of mental health globally
Prevalence of mental health in developing countries
Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness
Description of measurable indicators of positive well being, good psychological adjustment
Personality development including behavioral, psychodynamic, cognitive, moral and other schools of personality.
The course offers an opportunity to develop a holistic understanding of Primary Health Care, its functions, and scope. The course attendants will learn the principles of Primary Health Care, the course is expected to help the students to understand and internalize international health and public health transition facilitating the integration of health sector with other sectors.
Psychopharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease - psycho cardiologymagdy elmasry
Psychopharmacology andCardiovascular Disease.Your Heart And Mind Are Connected.Psychiatric Disorders and Cardiovascular System .Cardiac response to acute stress .Heart disease and depression are closely linkedCardiovascular Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs
.
Global health care challenges and trends_ bestyBesty Varghese
GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES AND TRENDS: Analyses the global healthcare trends and challenges.
Healthcare providers have a unique window of opportunity to embrace efficient new technologies that directly support better healthcare and patient experiences at a lower cost.
New healthcare systems will be:
Evidence- and prevention-based
Interdisciplinary and coordinated
Transparent, accessible, accurate, and understandable
Focused on improving patient outcomes and experience
Based on partnerships among stakeholders
Visionary in their long-term thinking
And in total International health + Global public health + Collective health + Global health diplomacy = LIFE’S RIGHT.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
A lecture by Dr Imran Waheed, Consultant Psychiatrist, outlining the approach towards the diagnosis and management of schizophrenia, with particular reference to primary care. Delivered in March 2013 in Birmingham, UK.
Psychopharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease - psycho cardiologymagdy elmasry
Psychopharmacology andCardiovascular Disease.Your Heart And Mind Are Connected.Psychiatric Disorders and Cardiovascular System .Cardiac response to acute stress .Heart disease and depression are closely linkedCardiovascular Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs
.
Global health care challenges and trends_ bestyBesty Varghese
GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES AND TRENDS: Analyses the global healthcare trends and challenges.
Healthcare providers have a unique window of opportunity to embrace efficient new technologies that directly support better healthcare and patient experiences at a lower cost.
New healthcare systems will be:
Evidence- and prevention-based
Interdisciplinary and coordinated
Transparent, accessible, accurate, and understandable
Focused on improving patient outcomes and experience
Based on partnerships among stakeholders
Visionary in their long-term thinking
And in total International health + Global public health + Collective health + Global health diplomacy = LIFE’S RIGHT.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
A lecture by Dr Imran Waheed, Consultant Psychiatrist, outlining the approach towards the diagnosis and management of schizophrenia, with particular reference to primary care. Delivered in March 2013 in Birmingham, UK.
Identifying and Treating Individuals and Families Experiencing Early and Acut...Sarah Amani
The main objective of this online workshop was to raise awareness about symptoms of psychosis and how to support individuals and families experiencing prodrome, early and acute psychosis in different settings ranging from primary care, community mental health and acute hospital
the importance of epidemiological studies, important historical research on mental health, techniques and processes, and epidemiological research findings on mental health during covid 19 are included.
Management of mental health disorders in the communityTuti Mohd Daud
Intended learning outcomes:
a) describe the rationale of providing mental health services in the community
b) identify mental health & psychiatric services at the levels of primary care, general hospital and mental institutions settings
c) describe the role of the different levels & profession of multidisciplinary team members in providing services
Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy Augmentation on Clozapine-Resistant Psy...Zahiruddin Othman
Case Report: Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy augmentation on clozapine-resistant psychosis with neurosyphilis is effective and safe but has never been reported in the literature to the authors' knowledge. It is hoped that this case report would contribute to the scarce literature on this augmentation strategy
Case Report: Schizophrenia patient with prodromal OCS is probably at increased risk of developing TTM while on atypical
antipsychotics treatment. Atypical antipsychotics and SSRI combination therapy is a useful strategy in such patient
Isolated Cerebellar Stroke Masquerades as DepressionZahiruddin Othman
There are numerous reports on neurological conditions masquerading as psychiatric disorders. However, cerebellar
stroke is not established as one of it. The 2 case reports will highlight that this masquerade is possible and the physician's
high index of suspicion is the key to accurate diagnosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
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2. CURRENT SCENARIO
• People are living longer and getting sicker
• By 2020 the WHO estimates that unipolar
depression will be the leading cause of
disability, responsible for 1 in 10 years of life,
worldwide
• Pharmaceutical company
7. DEFINITIONS OF PREVENTION
• Primary prevention
– Prevention of disease before it occurs
• Secondary prevention
– Prevention of recurrence or exacerbation of a disease that
has been diagnosed
• Tertiary prevention
– Reduction in the amount of disability caused by a disease
to achieve highest level of function
4/20/2014 7
8. IOM (1994) DEFINITIONS
• Prevention
– Prevention to ward off the
initial onset of a mental
disorder
• Treatment
– Identification of an
individuals with mental
disorders and the standard
treatment for those
disorders
• Maintenance
– Intervention that are
oriented to reduce relapse
and recurrence and to
provide rehabilitation
4/20/2014 8
9. EARLY INTERVENTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Universal Prevention
• Raising the awareness,
promoting referrals
from PC physicians
• PUFA, especially
omega-3 in fish oil,
and vitamin D
Selective Prevention
(targeted prevention)
• Prenatal infection or
malnutrition, perinatal or
obstetric complications, older
paternal age, winter season of
birth, separation from primary
caretakers during the first year
of life, absence of protective
family environments,
childhood physical and sexual
abuse, urbanicity, cannabis
use, unemployment, never-
married marital status, and
history of migration
Indicated Prevention
• PACE: CBT +
risperidone;
• PRIME: Olanzapine;
• RAP: Antipsychotics
vs. antidepressants;
• OPUS: Standard vs.
integrated treatments;
• EDIE: Cognitive
therapy;
• GRNS: Amisulpiride;
• VGH: Omega-3
Mohammadreza Mokhtari, Rajaprabhakaran Rajarethinam. Early Intervention and the Treatment of Prodrome in Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Developments. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2013;19(5):375-85
PACE: Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation; PRIME: Prevention through Risk Identification, Management, and Education; RAP: Recognition and
Prevention; EDIE: Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation; GRNS: German Research Network on Schizophrenia; VGH: Vienna General Hospital
10. ULTRA HIGH RISK (UHR)
FOR PSYCHOSIS
1) Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms (APS)
– Sub threshold, attenuated forms of positive psychotic
symptoms
2) Brief Limited Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BLIPS)
– episodes of frank psychotic symptoms that have not lasted
longer than a week and have spontaneously abated
3) Trait and State Risk Factor (Trait)
– first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder or
– schizotypal personality disorder in addition to a
significant decrease in functioning
Trait<APS<BLIPS
B. Nelson, K. Yuen, A.R. Yung. Ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis criteria: Are there different levels of risk for transition to psychosis?Schizophrenia Research 125 (2011) 62–68
11. CONS OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS
• Low predictive value
– High false positive rates
• Stigmatization and labelling of at risk individuals can
cause unnecessary anxiety and demoralization about
prognosis
– Unnecessary treatment of individuals who are not
truly at risk
• Pre-emptive use of antipsychotics, with potentially
serious metabolic and neurological side effects.
Mohammadreza Mokhtari, Rajaprabhakaran Rajarethinam. Early Intervention and the Treatment of Prodrome in Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Developments. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2013;19(5):375-85
13. EARLY AND LATE INITIAL PRODROMAL STATE:
A CLINICAL STAGING APPROACH
14. 4/20/2014 14
MODEL OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
MODEL BASIC
CONCEPT
TARGET
POPULATION
COMPONENTS PRACTICES EXAMPLES
Institution /
Hospital-based
Mainly
medically
oriented
Mentally ill
person
Custodial
Curative
Whole of life
Minimal outreach
/ aftercare
Admission
Diagnosis
Treatment
Discharge
HBUK
De-institutional
community
based
Mainly
psychosocial
Mentally ill
person
In closing of
mental hospital
Treatment in the
community
Arranged social
environment
Train living and
coping skills
Surrogate
parent
model
Integrated /
decentralization
Wellness
concept
Healthy
At risk
Mentally ill
Promotive
Preventive
Curative
Rehab
Mental health
promotion
Early detection
Treatment
Psychosocial
rehab
As proposed
by WHO
(1990)
15. 4/20/2014 15
to those involved in any planning and
implementation towards improving mental
health and well being of entire population
for population at risks of developing
psychosocial problems
for the mentally disordered in the provision
of care and protection by the family,
community and relevant agencies
To provide a
basis in developing
strategies
To improve mental
health services
To improve
psychiatric services
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH POLICY
16. 4/20/2014 16
“Mental Health And Mental Health services”
“Life Skills For Mental Health”
“Mental Disorders In Primary Care”
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
TRAINING MODULE
17. 4/20/2014 17
MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION
MATERIALS
32 various topics of mental health
Some 200,000 leaflets covering 13 various
topics e.g. mental health, mental illness, mental
health for children, misunderstanding of mental
illness, stigma and mental illness, stress etc
"Apakah itu Kesihatan Mental" (1997) and
"Tangani Tekanan Mental"(1998)
Posters
Leaflets
Television
documentaries
19. 4/20/2014 19
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
IN EXISTING CLINICS
• By Sept 1999, 129 clinics nationwide have establish:
– Health talks on mental health topics
– Early detection
– Treatment and referral to psychiatrists
– Follow up of stable cases
– Home visits (defaulter tracing, check drug compliance,
administer injection)
– Counseling
– Health education for patient, family and community
– Training (echo and in-service/attachments)
Editor's Notes
The world has changed over the last 50 years
The main causes of illness and death have shifted from infectious diseases to long term chronic diseases
PACE: Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation; PRIME: Prevention through Risk Identification, Management, and Education; RAP: Recognition and Prevention; EDIE: Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation; GRNS: German Research Network on Schizophrenia; VGH: Vienna General Hospital
The fact that BLIPS patients are at the highest risk of transition over the short term is consistent with the “early” versus “late” prodrome model
B. Nelson, K. Yuen, A.R. Yung. Ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis criteria: Are there different levels of risk for transition to psychosis? Schizophrenia Research 125 (2011) 62–68