Cutaneous sensitivities refer to the skin senses of pressure, pain, cold, and warmth. These sensations are produced by stimuli acting on receptors in the skin, which includes the surface of the skin, dermis, and epidermis. There are different types of receptors that detect pressure, pain, temperature, and kinesthetic sensations from muscle, tendon, and joint movement. Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and psychological experiences, including sensory thresholds and adaptation.

1. CUTANEOUS
SENSITIVITY

2. What are
Cutaneous
Sensitivities?

3. A group of Skin
Senses

4. PRESSURE

5. PAIN

6. COLD

7. and
WARMTH

8. What produce
these
experiences?

9. STIMULI
It is anything that may cause an organism to react

10. SURFACE OF THE SKIN
the covering, or integument, of the
body's sur face that both provides protection and
receives sensor y stimuli from the external
environment

11. RECEPTORS
a receptor is found in the dermis or
epidermis.

16.  Pressure spots var y in density for various
areas in the body.
 The intensity of stimulus also dif fer
depending on the spots where to react.
 There are more pressure spots found in
the peripher y of the body. ( the par t that is
away from the central or core regions)
 The pressure receptors mediate the
sensations known as the vibration of
tickle.
 The pressure in movement is the result of
the intermittent stimulation.

18.  Pain spots
have great
density than
pressure
spots.

23.  The stimulus to the sensation of the warmth
and cold is the application of the body to
respond to the temperature above or below
0°C.
 The normal human body temperature is
32.2°C and the warmth and cold ranges
according to the adaptation condition of the
body.

24. What is
Kinesthesis ?

25.  It is a sense of active movement.
 These are sensitivities arising from the
structures involve in body movements.
 It provides an automatic system for
coordinating our muscles when we talk, walk,
use our hands etc.

26. Kinesthetic
Receptors
(Proprioceptors)
are found in three
distinct areas:

27. MUSCLES
 The receptors in
the muscles
signals
relaxation of the
muscles.

28. TENDONS
 Those located
in the tendons
signal the
contraction of
the muscles.

29. JOINTS
 Lastly, the
receptors in the
joints are
stimulated
whenever a limb
moves, changing
the position of the
bones in the joints.

30. Types of
Propriocepto
rs:

31. PACINIAN CORPUSCLES AND FREE
NERVE ENDINGS
 These are found
in the ligaments
of the joints and
in the bone
coverings near
these joints.

32. GOLGI SPINDLES
 These are
located in the
tendons

33. MUSCLE SPINDLES
 These are in
the muscles
themselves.

34.  The movements of the muscles, joints or
tendons affects the proprioceptors.
 The “muscle sense” is where the information
flows to the brain and making skilled
coordination of the muscular movement
possible.

36. BASIC
PSYCHOPHYSI
CS

37.  Psychophysics is the study of Psychology that
studies sensory limits, sensory adaptation and
other topics that are related to physical properties
of stimuli and psychological experiences.
 It is described as “the analysis of perceptual
processes by studying the ef fect on a
subject's experience or behavior of
systematically var ying the proper ties of a
stimulus along one or more physical
dimensions”
or in shor t “the scientific study of the
relation between stimulus and sensation”

38. SENSORY ADAPTATION
 A process that alters the relationship between
stimuli and sensation.
 It is also the weakened magnitude of a
sensation resulting from the prolonged
presentation of stimulus, and the decline in
sensitivity to a constant stimulus.

39. THRESHOLD
 It is the point at which a stimulus is strong
enough to be detected by activating a sensory
receptor cell (initiates sensory transduction by creating
graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in
an adjacent one).

40. KINDS OF SENSORY THRESHOLD
 Absolute Threshold - the smallest or lowest
strength of a stimulus that can evoke a sensation.
Eg.
1. Vision- a participant can detect the presence of a
candle flame in the dark.
2. Hearing- a participant can detect the ticking sound of
clock.
3. Taste- one teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water.
4. Smell- the smallest amount of perfume that a subject
is able to smell in a large room.

41. KINDS OF SENSORY THRESHOLD
 Dif ference Threshold - also known as the just
noticeable difference (JND)
 It is the minimum difference in stimulation that a
person can detect 50 percent of the time
Eg.
1. For example, let's say I asked you to put your hand out
and in it I placed a pile of sand. Then, I add tiny
amounts of sand to your hand and ask you to tell me
when you notice any change in the overall weight. As
soon as you can detect any change in the weight, that
difference between the weight of the sand before I
added that last bit of sand and the amount of sand
after I added it, is the difference threshold.

42. ERNST WEBER

43.  A German physiologist that explained the
consistent relationship between the physical
world and psychological experiences.
 The principle is called the Weber’s Law.
 It holds that for each sense, the size of JND is a
constant proportion of the size of the initial
stimulus.

44. GUSTAV THEODOR
FECHNER

45.  The Fechner’s Law broadened the application
of Weber’s Law by linking the subjective
experience of the intensity of stimulation with
the actual magnitude of stimulus.
 Fechner’s Law is the logarithmic relation with
between subjective and objective stimulus
intensity.