This document discusses several key concepts in educational psychology and cognitive development. It covers cognitive learning processes like cognitive development, growth mindset, prior knowledge, and limits of stage theories. It also discusses facilitating context, practice, feedback, self-regulation, and fostering creativity in students. Other sections cover intrinsic motivation, mastery goals, performance goals, teacher expectations, goal setting, social contexts, interpersonal relationships, emotional dimensions, classroom conduct, expectation and support, formative and summative assessment, understanding growth and development, theories of development like Freud, Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Vygotsky, and individual differences.
Psychological Foundations of Education (Complete)Ramil Gallardo
Psychological Foundations of Education (Complete)
Psychological Foundations of Education presents some of the principles of psychology that are relevant to learning and teaching. It presents an alternative answer to the problem of the bifurcation of general and educational psychology in the curriculum of teacher preparation.
Psychological Foundations of Education (Complete)Ramil Gallardo
Psychological Foundations of Education (Complete)
Psychological Foundations of Education presents some of the principles of psychology that are relevant to learning and teaching. It presents an alternative answer to the problem of the bifurcation of general and educational psychology in the curriculum of teacher preparation.
Module 2- The Stages of Development and Developmental Taskstin072787
For every developmental stage, there is an expected developmental task. What happens when the expected developmental task are not achieved at the corresponding developmental stage? How can you help children achieve these developmental tasks?
Topic: Principles of Human Development
Student Name: Hina
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Objective:
Explain the important insights and reasons of multilingual education in making education more responsive to cultural diversity.
Appreciate the value of using his/her own mother tongue in dealing with any classroom situations, and
Simulate different classroom situation using their own mother tongue.
Module 2- The Stages of Development and Developmental Taskstin072787
For every developmental stage, there is an expected developmental task. What happens when the expected developmental task are not achieved at the corresponding developmental stage? How can you help children achieve these developmental tasks?
Topic: Principles of Human Development
Student Name: Hina
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Objective:
Explain the important insights and reasons of multilingual education in making education more responsive to cultural diversity.
Appreciate the value of using his/her own mother tongue in dealing with any classroom situations, and
Simulate different classroom situation using their own mother tongue.
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development TheoryAssignment In.docxelishaoatway
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development Theory
Assignment Instructions
In this assignment you will need to create a Prezi or PowerPoint that will highlight the important points of the theory you picked as well as its influence in explaining development. You will want to expand your points from the discussion forum with greater detail in this assignment. The presentation will start with a short introduction of the theory and conclude with why you picked it within the discussion as best explaining development. We will want to have a minimum of a seven slide PPT or Prezi. All references will be listed in APA format.
READING BELOW
Understanding Theories of Child Development
The research and formulation of child development theories have played a major role in the way parents raise their children, understand and nurture their capabilities, and educate them. The theories that have been prominent in the past and current centuries have sought to describe, explain, and predict behaviors, and have had the ultimate goal of trying to improve the welfare of children. Child development theories seek to explain a child’s growth by addressing basic questions or beliefs.
TOPICS COVERED WILL INCLUDE:
Theoretical Questions in Child Development
Key Theories of Child Development
Research Methodologies
Ethical Concerns and Considerations when Working with Childre
Child Development Theories
· HOW CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES ARE FORMED AND USED
·
KEY THEORETICAL QUESTIONS
·
RESEARCH
Child development theories allow both research and application to promote optimal growth and development. A theory is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and endures if based on scientific verification. Theories provide an organizing framework for observations. Once a theory is verified by scientific research, it serves as a basis for practical action. There are many theories in child development and no one theory fully explains all aspects of child development. Today, experts use several different theories as a means of finding the best way to describe, explain and predict children’s behavior.
Child development theories rely upon a few key theoretical questions, including whether development is continuous from birth to adulthood or progresses in distinct stages; whether development is universal or individual; and whether genetics or environment are more critical in child development. These questions have shaped all child development theories, including
psychoanalytic
, psychosocial, behavioral,
social learning
,
cognitive
and
social development
theories.
Research into child development requires experimentation, using a variety of different methods. Different research methodologies, including observations, case studies and clinical studies provide distinct advantages and disadvantages. All research into child development must be conducted with careful attention to ethical considerations.
Theoretical Questions Guiding the Stud ...
Group 3- FSIE Typical and Atypical Development.pptxAbegailCope
Typical and Atypical development in Children. Typical development in children gives a generic picture of progress compared to same-age peers. Atypical development appears when a child either lags behind or jumps ahead of typical peer progress, in any regard -- physical, cognitive, social or in adaptive life skills.” (Anita Holms, 2000).
Bloom's taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. The three lists cover the learning objectives in cognitive, affective and sensory domains.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Psychological Principles of Learning
1.
2. Psychological Foundation of
Learning
Educational psychology deals in learning and teaching. This
branch of psychology involves not just the learning process of
early childhood and adolescence, but includes the social,
emotional and cognitive processes that are involved in learning
throughout the entire lifespan. The field of educational
psychology incorporates a number of other disciplines,
including developmental psychology, behavioral psychology and
cognitive psychology.
4. Cognitive
Learning
Cognitive development is gradual, systematic
changes by which mental process become more
complex and refined. Establishment of new schemes
is essential in cognitive development.
7. Prior Knowledge
What students already know
affects their learning. A learner’s
understanding of a text can be
improved by activating their prior
knowledge.
8. Limits of stage theories
Students’ cognitive
development and
learning are not
limited by general
stages of
development
9. Facilitating Context
Learning is based on context, so generalizing learning to new
contexts is not spontaneous, but rather needs to be facilitated.
14. is the reason for
people's actions,
willingness and goals,
defined as a need that
requires satisfaction
15. Students tend to enjoy learning and to do better when
they are more intrinsically rather than extrinsically
motivated to achieve.
Intrinsic Motivation
16. Students persist in the face of
challenging tasks and process
information more deeply when they
adopt mastery goals rather than
performance goals.
Mastery Goals
17. tend to undermine long-term
performance. If you hit your
initial goal, you become less
motivated to continue towards
excellence (after all you hit your
goal). And if you don't hit your
initial goal, you become
discouraged and de-motivated
because your self-worth is
based on external inputs.
Performance Goals
18. about their students affect
students’ opportunities to learn,
their motivation and their
learning outcomes.
Teacher Expectations
19. Are short term (proximal), specific and
moderately challenging enhances motivation more
than establishing goals that are long term (distal),
general and overly challenging.
Goal Setting
23. Classroom conduct
Expectations for classroom
conduct and social interaction
are learned and can be taught
using proven principles of
behavior and effective classroom
instruction.
Context and Learning
24. Effective classroom management is based on:
(a) setting and communicating high expectations,
(b) consistently nurturing positive relationships, and
(c) providing a high level of student support
Expectation and Support
27. The goal of formative assessment is to monitor student learning to
provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their
teaching and by students to improve their learning. More specifically,
formative assessments:
help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that
need work
help faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems
immediately
Formative assessments are generally low stakes, which means that
they have low or no point value.
Formative Assessment
28.
29. The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student
learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it
against some standard or benchmark. Summative assessments
are often high stakes, which means that they have a high point
value.
Information from summative assessments can be used
formatively when students or faculty use it to guide their efforts
and activities in subsequent courses.
Summative Assessment
30.
31. Student skill, knowledge, and ability are best
measured with assessment processes grounded in
psychological science with well-defined standards
for quality and fairness.
Assessment Development
32. Making sense of assessment data depends on clear,
appropriate and fair interpretation. Effective teaching
requires that instructors be able to accurately interpret test
results and clearly communicate the results to students and
parents. Students can use what they learn about testing and
statistics to evaluate the various assessments given in class
for reliability and validity.
Assessment Evaluation
33. “Growth” and “development”
interchangeably and accept
them as synonymous. But in
reality, the meanings of these
two terms are different.
Understanding Growth and
Development
34. In The Process of growth is defined as
increase in size, development is defined as
progression toward maturity. Thus the terms
are used together to describe the complex
physical, mental, and emotional process.
What is the difference between growth
and development?
35. There are three principles:
1. Cephalocaudal Principle
Refers to the general
pattern of physical and
motoric development
followed from infancy into
toddlerhood and even
early childhood whereby
development follows a
head-to-toe progression.
36.
37. There are three principles:
2. Proximodistal Principle
Development proceed from the center of the body
outward. It also describes the direction of
development. This means that the spinal cord
develops before outer parts of the body.
Trend is the tendency for more general functions
of limbs to develop before more specific or fine
motors. It comes from the Latin words proxim-
which means “close” and “-dis” meaning “away
from” , because the trend essentially describes a
path from the center outward.
38. There are three principles:
3. Orthogenetic principle
Also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive
evolution, evolutionary progressive, is the
biological hypothesis that organisms have an
innate tendency to evolve in a definite directions
towards same goal (teleology) due to some
internal mechanism or “driving force”
39. Sigmund Freud provided with a view that personality
develops through a series of five psychosexual stages.
According to him failure to resolve conflicts at a
particular stage can result in fixation. He proposed that
experiences and difficulties during a particular
childhood stage may predict specific characteristics in
the adult personality.
Theories of Development
40. The process of personality development of the child is divided into the
following five overlapping stages:
1. Oral Stage (birth to 12-18 months)
a) Oral sucking b) Oral biting
2. Anal Stage – (12-18 months to 03 years)
a) Anal Explosive b) Anal Retentive
3. Phallic Stage (3 to 5 – 6 years)
4. Latency Stage (5 – 6 years to adolescence)
5. Genital Stage (Adolescence to adulthood)
Theories of Development
41.
42.
43.
44.
45. Our new sense for our identity now also
creates egocentric thoughts and some start to
see an imaginary audience watching them all the
time. Piaget believed in lifelong learning, but
insisted that the formal operational stage is the
final stage of our cognitive development.
Jean Piaget’s first interests were animals and
he published his first scientific paper on albino
sparrows in 1907 when he was just 11 years old.
In 1920, he began working with standardized
intelligence tests. He realized that younger
children consistently make types of mistakes that
older children do not. He concluded that they
must think differently and spent the rest of his life
studying the intellectual development of children.
46.
47. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
identifies eight stages in which a healthy individual
should pass through from birth to death. At each stages
we encounter different needs, ask new questions and
meet people who influence our behavior and learning
Erikson’s Stages of
Development
48. Erikson’s Stages of
Development1.) Basic Trust vs. Mistrust, Infancy (1-2 years)
As infants we ask ourselves if we can trust the
world and we wonder if it's safe. We learn that if
we can trust someone now, we can also trust
others in the future. If we experience fear, we
develop doubt and mistrust. The key to our
development is our mother.
49. 2) Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt,
Early childhood (2-4 years)
Erikson’s Stages of
Development
In our early childhood, we experience ourselves and
discover our body. We ask: is it okay to be me? If we are
allowed to discover ourselves, then we develop self-
confidence. If we are not, we can develop shame and self-
doubt. Both parents now play a major role.
50. 3) Initiative vs. Guilt, Preschool
Age (4-5 years)
Erikson’s Stages of
Development
In preschool, we take initiative, try out new things, and learn
basic principles like how round things roll.
We ask: Is it okay for me to do what I do? If we are
encouraged, we can follow our interests. If we are held back or
told that what we do is silly, we can develop guilt. We are now
learning from the entire family.
51. Erikson’s Stages of
Development4) Industry vs. Inferiority, School Age (5-12 years)
Now we discover our own interests and realize that
we are different from others. We want to show that we
can do things right. We ask if we can make it in this
world? If we receive recognition from our teachers or
peers we become industrious, which is another word
for hard-working. If we get too much negative
feedback, we start to feel inferior and lose motivation.
Our neighbors and schools now influence us the
most.
52. Erikson’s Stages of
Development
5) Identity vs. Role Confusion, Adolescence (13–19
years)
During adolescence we learn that we have different
social roles. We are friends, students, children and
citizens. Many experience an identity crises. If our
parents now allow us to go out and explore, we can
find identity. If they push us to conform to their views,
we can face role confusion and feel lost. Key to our
learning are our peers and role models.
53. Erikson’s Stages of
Development
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation, Early Adulthood
(20-40 years)
As young adults we slowly understand
who we are and we start to let go of the
relationships we had built earlier in order to
fit in. We ask ourselves if we can love? If we
can make a long-term commitment, we are
confident and happy. If we cannot form
intimate relationships, we might end up
feeling isolated and lonely. Our friends and
partners are now center to our development.
54. Erikson’s Stages of
Development7) Generativity vs. Stagnation - Adulthood
(40-65)
When we reach our forties we become
comfortable, use our leisure time
creatively and maybe begin contributing to
society. Our concern is Generativity. If we
think that we are able to lead the next
generation into this world, we are happy. If
we did not resolve some conflicts earlier,
we can become pessimistic and
experience stagnation. People at home
and at work are now who influence us
most.
55. Erikson’s Stages of
Development
8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair,
Maturity (65-death)
As we grow older we tend to
slow down and begin to look back
over our lives. We ask: how have I
done? If we think we did well, w
develop feelings of contentment
and integrity. If not, we can
experience despair and become
grumpy and bitter. Time to
compare us with mankind.
56.
57. Erik Erikson was a German-
American psychologist who together
with his wife Joan, became known for
his work on psychosocial development.
He was influenced by Sigmund and
Anna Freud and became famous for
coining the phrase "identity crisis."
Although Erikson lacked even a
bachelor's degree, he served as a
professor at Harvard and Yale.
Erikson’s Stages of
Development
59. Lev Vygotsky
Sociocultural theory results from the dynamic
interaction between a person and the surroundings
social and cultural forces.
3 Claims of Vygotsky
a) Fundamentally shaped by a cultural tools
b) Functioning emerges outs of social processes
c)Development methods (Zone of Proximal
Development)
60. Lev Vygotsky
Strategies to utilize the benefits of ZPD
a) Scaffolding – requires demonstration, while controlling
the environment so that one can take things step by
step.
b) Reciprocal teaching - open dialog between student
and teacher which goes beyond simple question and
answer session.
61. Lev Vygotsky
Theorized that human development is not something
that fixed and eternal. It will changes as a result of
historical development.
Cultural influences:
a) Imitative learning
b) Instructed learning
c) Collaborative learning
Principles:
a) Cognitive development is limited to a certain range at any given
age.
b) Full cognitive development requires interaction.
62. Lev Vygotsky
5 Main Points:
a) Use of Zone of Proximal Development
b) Interaction with other people is important for cognitive
growth
c) Culture can make daily living more efficient and
effective.
d) Advance mental methods tart through social activities.
e) Increase of the independent use of language and
thought during a child’s first few years of life.
63.
64.
65. No two individuals can be exactly alike in their resulting
development and adjustments. The unique characteristics and
traits emerges as children pass from one stage to another.
The rate of development is not the same for all individuals.
Some develop and learn faster than others. Sometimes the gap
is wide Learning is most effective when differences in learner’s
language, cultural, and social behavior are taken into account.
Individual differences is the uneven rate of growth and
development among individuals.
Individual Differences
70. Environment
Does not refer only
physical surroundings
but also, it refers the
different types of
people, society, their
culture, customs,
traditions, social
heritage, ideas and
ideals.
71. How Hereditary and Environment
Interact
The interaction between hereditary and environment is
often the most important factor of all.
Perfect pitch is the ability to detect of a musical tone
without any reference. This ability tends to run in
families and believe that it might be tied to a single
gene. However, possessing the gene is not enough to
develop this abilty. Instead, musical training during early
is necessary to allow this inherited ability to manifest
itself.