Psychoactive drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine, and heroin can change consciousness, mood, and thoughts. The use of these drugs imposes a substantial health burden on society.
How do psychoactive drugs affect the brain? How does drug addiction develop and how can it be treated?
Substances use and addictive disorders overview GaylordInena
This document provides an overview of substance use and addictive disorders. It discusses terminology related to substance use, including abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence, withdrawal, and tolerance. It then covers the epidemiology of substance use globally and in specific countries like Uganda, DRC, and Rwanda. The etiology of substance use disorders is complex and involves multiple interacting factors, including psychodynamic, genetic, and neurochemical factors. Learning and conditioning theories also play a role in dependence and relapse.
The document discusses narcotic abuse in Canada. It defines narcotics and substance abuse, and notes that narcotic abuse can create physical and psychological dependencies. Narcotic abuse is considered a serious health issue in Canada, with heroin and opioid abuse impacting many Canadians. The rise of fentanyl abuse is of particular concern since the banning of OxyContin. Narcotic abuse can be explained by several sociological theories and has social and economic impacts. Potential solutions discussed include lifting the OxyContin ban, increasing access to addiction treatment, and family members speaking out about overdoses.
The document discusses reasons for drug use and abuse. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today than in the past, including more potent drugs, younger experimentation, and greater availability of information. It also lists basic reasons people take drugs like pleasure-seeking, peer pressure, and relieving pain. The document examines definitions of addiction, models of addiction, risk factors, and biological explanations for drug abuse.
There are three main biological theories that help explain drug use and addiction:
1. Abused drugs function as positive reinforcers by enhancing pleasure centers in the brain and releasing neurotransmitters like dopamine.
2. Genetic factors may predispose some individuals to drug addiction through inherited traits.
3. There is substantial overlap between drug addiction and mental illness, suggesting biological explanations are responsible for this link.
This document discusses essentials of methadone prescribing and treatment for opioid dependence. It covers topics such as the harms of illegal opioid use, drug dependence, opioid dependence, and treatment approaches. Methadone treatment aims to reduce opioid use and related harms through a public health approach. Guidelines are provided for effective methadone programs which seek to improve health, social functioning, and quality of life for those with opioid dependence.
This document discusses self-medication and the dangers of abusing prescription drugs. It contains the following key points:
1. Self-medication involves taking medications without a prescription due to various social, economic and cultural factors.
2. Dependence and addiction can occur when prescription drugs are overused, leading to negative health and social consequences.
3. A case report describes a patient who used cocaine to self-medicate migraines but later developed a full addiction, showing how self-medication can escalate into substance abuse.
This document discusses substance dependence disorder. It begins by outlining the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and impairment. It then discusses epidemiology, finding higher rates in males and those aged 18-25. Comorbidity is also common, especially with other psychiatric disorders in youth. Treatment approaches are suggested, notably motivational interviewing which has been shown as effective as other programs.
bio investigatory project on addiction class xiignanendrareddy13
This document discusses addiction, specifically drug abuse. It begins with an introduction to addiction and what it is. It then discusses the types of drug abuse, causes of addiction, and effects of addiction. The document provides a history of addiction and drug abuse throughout time. It describes the diagnosis of addiction and includes a study questionnaire. It profiles 5 patients and their experiences with addiction. The document concludes with sections on the treatment of addiction and a scenario example of addiction.
Substances use and addictive disorders overview GaylordInena
This document provides an overview of substance use and addictive disorders. It discusses terminology related to substance use, including abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence, withdrawal, and tolerance. It then covers the epidemiology of substance use globally and in specific countries like Uganda, DRC, and Rwanda. The etiology of substance use disorders is complex and involves multiple interacting factors, including psychodynamic, genetic, and neurochemical factors. Learning and conditioning theories also play a role in dependence and relapse.
The document discusses narcotic abuse in Canada. It defines narcotics and substance abuse, and notes that narcotic abuse can create physical and psychological dependencies. Narcotic abuse is considered a serious health issue in Canada, with heroin and opioid abuse impacting many Canadians. The rise of fentanyl abuse is of particular concern since the banning of OxyContin. Narcotic abuse can be explained by several sociological theories and has social and economic impacts. Potential solutions discussed include lifting the OxyContin ban, increasing access to addiction treatment, and family members speaking out about overdoses.
The document discusses reasons for drug use and abuse. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today than in the past, including more potent drugs, younger experimentation, and greater availability of information. It also lists basic reasons people take drugs like pleasure-seeking, peer pressure, and relieving pain. The document examines definitions of addiction, models of addiction, risk factors, and biological explanations for drug abuse.
There are three main biological theories that help explain drug use and addiction:
1. Abused drugs function as positive reinforcers by enhancing pleasure centers in the brain and releasing neurotransmitters like dopamine.
2. Genetic factors may predispose some individuals to drug addiction through inherited traits.
3. There is substantial overlap between drug addiction and mental illness, suggesting biological explanations are responsible for this link.
This document discusses essentials of methadone prescribing and treatment for opioid dependence. It covers topics such as the harms of illegal opioid use, drug dependence, opioid dependence, and treatment approaches. Methadone treatment aims to reduce opioid use and related harms through a public health approach. Guidelines are provided for effective methadone programs which seek to improve health, social functioning, and quality of life for those with opioid dependence.
This document discusses self-medication and the dangers of abusing prescription drugs. It contains the following key points:
1. Self-medication involves taking medications without a prescription due to various social, economic and cultural factors.
2. Dependence and addiction can occur when prescription drugs are overused, leading to negative health and social consequences.
3. A case report describes a patient who used cocaine to self-medicate migraines but later developed a full addiction, showing how self-medication can escalate into substance abuse.
This document discusses substance dependence disorder. It begins by outlining the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and impairment. It then discusses epidemiology, finding higher rates in males and those aged 18-25. Comorbidity is also common, especially with other psychiatric disorders in youth. Treatment approaches are suggested, notably motivational interviewing which has been shown as effective as other programs.
bio investigatory project on addiction class xiignanendrareddy13
This document discusses addiction, specifically drug abuse. It begins with an introduction to addiction and what it is. It then discusses the types of drug abuse, causes of addiction, and effects of addiction. The document provides a history of addiction and drug abuse throughout time. It describes the diagnosis of addiction and includes a study questionnaire. It profiles 5 patients and their experiences with addiction. The document concludes with sections on the treatment of addiction and a scenario example of addiction.
This presentation was done on the 'First Qilu Doctoral Forum on Health Economy and Policy' Conference on 15th May 2019 at Shandong University, Jinan, China
Drug abuse involves the inappropriate use of legal drugs and use of illegal drugs, often with the goal of achieving pleasure or reducing stress through repeated use. Drug addiction is a physiological or psychological dependence on drugs. Common drugs that are abused include club drugs, hallucinogens, inhalants, prescription drugs, methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana. Drug abuse can lead to a variety of negative health effects like weight loss, anxiety, and violence. It is important for people, especially youth, to learn how to refuse drugs and avoid drug abuse and addiction.
The document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It defines drug habituation, dependence, and addiction. It then covers the main drug classes abused including opioids, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and cannabis. For each class it discusses commonly abused drugs, mechanisms of action, clinical effects, and treatment approaches. It also briefly discusses performance enhancing drugs like meldonium and banned drugs used by athletes. It concludes with a short quiz to test knowledge.
This document is a biology investigatory project submitted by Debesh Prasad Mahapatra on the topic of drug addiction. It contains an introduction, classification of different types of drugs, how drug addiction begins, effects of combining drugs and alcohol, and sections focused on tobacco and alcohol specifically. The objective is to study drugs, their classification, addictive nature, and prevention from addiction. Key points covered include the four major drug classifications, common factors that lead to drug addiction like curiosity and peer pressure, and health impacts of long-term tobacco and alcohol use.
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 - DrugsShashikals Kp
(1) The document is a 12th grade class project on drug addiction and abuse. It discusses various drugs like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and others.
(2) It explains how drug addiction begins, often due to curiosity, peer pressure, mental health issues, and a desire to experience different mental states. Regular use can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
(3) Specific drugs like tobacco and alcohol are examined in more depth, covering their sources, modes of use, effects, and health impacts of regular consumption. Overall, the project aims to raise awareness about the dangers of drug use and addiction.
1) The document discusses how alcohol and other drug use affects adolescent development and the developing brain. It describes common drugs used by adolescents like alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes.
2) Risk factors for developing a substance use disorder are discussed, like using drugs before age 15, having a mental health condition, experiencing trauma, and being in an environment that supports drug use.
3) Adolescent brain development is outlined, showing how the prefrontal cortex that controls decision making and impulse control is still maturing during the teen years, putting them at higher risk for poor decisions and drug use.
Drugs can have long-lasting negative effects on the human body even after quitting. They can damage the brain and cause permanent harm. Drugs disrupt the normal functioning of the body by affecting breathing, heart rate, and behavior. Genetics plays a role in addiction risk, and drug use can lead to health issues like respiratory problems or STDs. Prescription drugs also carry addiction risks and can interfere with sleep, impacting one's health and relationships. Long term, depending on the drug, use can result in conditions like HIV or brain damage.
The document discusses substance abuse and its treatment. It defines substance abuse and dependence, and lists the DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse. Common substances abused by adolescents are discussed. Psychological factors, environment, peer pressure, and mental health issues can contribute to substance abuse. Consequences in academic settings include learning problems, reduced attention and focus. Prevention strategies and treatment methods like behavioral therapies and psychological interventions are important to address substance abuse issues.
The document discusses various drugs and their effects. It defines what a drug is and how they are classified such as legal/illegal and their effects on the central nervous system like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Specific drugs are mentioned like heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cannabis, and their psychoactive and physiological effects. Factors that influence how drugs affect individuals are also discussed along with problems that can arise from drug use and abuse.
This document provides an overview of substance abuse for students. It defines substance abuse and distinguishes it from substance dependence. It discusses the prevalence of substance abuse among students, noting that marijuana and prescription drugs are the most commonly abused. The document outlines various signs and symptoms of substance abuse and how substances affect the brain. It also discusses factors influencing abuse, consequences of abuse, and medical treatments and resources available.
The document discusses the hazards of drug abuse in India. It finds that 10 million Indians are dependent on alcohol, 2.3 million on cannabis, and 0.5 million on opiates. Drug abuse can cause both immediate and long-term health effects, including memory loss, violent behavior, liver and kidney damage, and increased risk of diseases like HIV/AIDS. Drug dependency develops as the body adapts to the drug and withdrawal symptoms set in without continued use.
This document provides an overview of principles of de-addiction programs. It begins with definitions of key terms like use, abuse, addiction, and dependence. It then outlines general principles of drug addiction treatment programs, noting that addiction is a treatable disease affecting brain and behavior, and that effective treatment addresses multiple individual needs. Finally, it describes different categories of treatment programs including detoxification, long-term residential treatment, outpatient counseling, group counseling, and criminal justice-involved programs. The overall message is that drug addiction treatment requires a multifaceted approach tailored to individual needs.
The document summarizes epidemiological data on substance use disorders. It reports that the lifetime prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence varies by age, with the highest rates occurring between ages 18-44. Approximately 90% of individuals experience onset of their first alcohol or drug problem by age 38. Risk factors include a family history of substance abuse, male gender, younger age, association with deviant peers, and childhood behavioral issues.
This document provides background information on nutrition and substance abuse. It summarizes 2011 survey data showing high rates of binge drinking, heavy drinking, illicit drug use, and substance abuse/dependence in the US population. For veterans receiving VA healthcare, over 60% of marginal costs are due to substance abuse and result from inpatient care. The document discusses how substance abuse can lead to both primary and secondary malnutrition by disrupting food intake and altering absorption, metabolism, and nutrient utilization. It notes the lack of research on illicit drug-induced malnourishment and challenges conducting such research. The purpose of the presented thesis is then stated as measuring attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around nutrition, health and self-care in veterans enrolled
Drug abuse and drug dependences for Diploma pharmacy - 2nd year in Hospital and clinical pharmacy.
Some more valuable information about the Drug Addiction and drug dependences which is in concise manner.
Narcotics abuse can be life-threatening and ruinous. It is widespread among both youth and adults across socioeconomic classes. Chronic narcotics use leads to tolerance, requiring increased doses for the same effect, and causes withdrawal symptoms like tremors and vomiting when use is stopped. Prolonged dependence can cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. Narcotics abuse has negative effects on individuals through health issues, lost productivity, and psychological dependence. It also harms families through neglect, financial problems, and unhappiness. Communities face increased crime, accidents, and economic impacts from reduced workforce participation due to narcotics abuse.
This document discusses adolescent substance abuse, including:
- Common drugs of abuse such as alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco and emerging trends like bath salts and e-cigarettes.
- How the adolescent brain is still developing which can increase risk-taking behaviors and substance abuse.
- The co-morbidity of substance abuse with mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Prevention strategies are needed to address the myths surrounding substance use and the health risks to adolescents.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The need for combating drug abuse among youths in Nigeria is very important. This is because many of them who are supposed to contribute to national development cannot do so due to the side effect drug abuse has posed on them. Adult education as an intervention can go a long way to enlighten youths on the dangers of abusing drug, and the need to do away with it. It is against this fact that this paper examines how adult education can be used as a strategy for combating drug abuse among Nigeria youths. The paper examines the prevalence of drug abuse among youths, the importance of drug, types of drug abuse by youths, and the reason youths abuse drug. In addition, the paper addresses the danger of drug, and how drug abuse can be combated via adult education programmes. The paper concludes that Adult Education via mobilization, civic education, remedial education, adult literacy, and vocational education can be used to free our youths from the shackles of drug abuse.
1) The document discusses substance use disorders and related topics from Healthy People 2020, including goals to increase quality of life and eliminate health disparities, with a focus on mental health and substance abuse.
2) Key details are provided on substance abuse objectives from Healthy People 2020, federal agencies and national institutes involved in substance abuse treatment and research, common drugs of abuse, and diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders.
3) Statistics are presented on prevalence of substance use disorders in the US and high-risk groups like college students and military/veterans. Etiology, neurobiology, screening and assessment tools, physical exam findings, and stages of change are summarized.
The document discusses several topics related to prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse including:
- Statistics showing non-medical use of prescription medications is second only to marijuana and affects millions of Americans each year, including teenagers.
- Common prescription drugs that are abused like opioids, including oxycodone and hydrocodone, and the adverse effects of abusing these medications.
- Federal sentencing of athlete Marion Jones for lying about steroid use and involvement in fraud.
- Actor Heath Ledger's accidental overdose death from a combination of prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety medications.
- Advertisements aimed at educating parents and teenagers about the dangers of abusing prescription medications obtained from family medicine cabinets.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce certain plastics and medical devices. While BPA is efficiently metabolized when ingested, its metabolism is less efficient when exposure comes from medical devices. There is debate about the health risks of BPA exposure from food and medical devices, with some studies finding specific effects from low doses but no clear conclusions. Certain medical procedures that result in prolonged exposure, like those for neonates and dialysis patients, may pose a risk since exposure could exceed the tolerable daily intake level. More information is needed on alternatives to BPA in medical devices to properly evaluate risks versus treatment benefits.
In coming years, the world’s energy consumption is expected to increase dramatically. While fossil fuels will remain an important source of energy, renewable energies will also gain importance, as a result of concerns over high fossil fuel prices, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependence.
Could biofuels derived from forestry products and residues help meet the energy demand?
This presentation was done on the 'First Qilu Doctoral Forum on Health Economy and Policy' Conference on 15th May 2019 at Shandong University, Jinan, China
Drug abuse involves the inappropriate use of legal drugs and use of illegal drugs, often with the goal of achieving pleasure or reducing stress through repeated use. Drug addiction is a physiological or psychological dependence on drugs. Common drugs that are abused include club drugs, hallucinogens, inhalants, prescription drugs, methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana. Drug abuse can lead to a variety of negative health effects like weight loss, anxiety, and violence. It is important for people, especially youth, to learn how to refuse drugs and avoid drug abuse and addiction.
The document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It defines drug habituation, dependence, and addiction. It then covers the main drug classes abused including opioids, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and cannabis. For each class it discusses commonly abused drugs, mechanisms of action, clinical effects, and treatment approaches. It also briefly discusses performance enhancing drugs like meldonium and banned drugs used by athletes. It concludes with a short quiz to test knowledge.
This document is a biology investigatory project submitted by Debesh Prasad Mahapatra on the topic of drug addiction. It contains an introduction, classification of different types of drugs, how drug addiction begins, effects of combining drugs and alcohol, and sections focused on tobacco and alcohol specifically. The objective is to study drugs, their classification, addictive nature, and prevention from addiction. Key points covered include the four major drug classifications, common factors that lead to drug addiction like curiosity and peer pressure, and health impacts of long-term tobacco and alcohol use.
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 - DrugsShashikals Kp
(1) The document is a 12th grade class project on drug addiction and abuse. It discusses various drugs like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and others.
(2) It explains how drug addiction begins, often due to curiosity, peer pressure, mental health issues, and a desire to experience different mental states. Regular use can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
(3) Specific drugs like tobacco and alcohol are examined in more depth, covering their sources, modes of use, effects, and health impacts of regular consumption. Overall, the project aims to raise awareness about the dangers of drug use and addiction.
1) The document discusses how alcohol and other drug use affects adolescent development and the developing brain. It describes common drugs used by adolescents like alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes.
2) Risk factors for developing a substance use disorder are discussed, like using drugs before age 15, having a mental health condition, experiencing trauma, and being in an environment that supports drug use.
3) Adolescent brain development is outlined, showing how the prefrontal cortex that controls decision making and impulse control is still maturing during the teen years, putting them at higher risk for poor decisions and drug use.
Drugs can have long-lasting negative effects on the human body even after quitting. They can damage the brain and cause permanent harm. Drugs disrupt the normal functioning of the body by affecting breathing, heart rate, and behavior. Genetics plays a role in addiction risk, and drug use can lead to health issues like respiratory problems or STDs. Prescription drugs also carry addiction risks and can interfere with sleep, impacting one's health and relationships. Long term, depending on the drug, use can result in conditions like HIV or brain damage.
The document discusses substance abuse and its treatment. It defines substance abuse and dependence, and lists the DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse. Common substances abused by adolescents are discussed. Psychological factors, environment, peer pressure, and mental health issues can contribute to substance abuse. Consequences in academic settings include learning problems, reduced attention and focus. Prevention strategies and treatment methods like behavioral therapies and psychological interventions are important to address substance abuse issues.
The document discusses various drugs and their effects. It defines what a drug is and how they are classified such as legal/illegal and their effects on the central nervous system like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Specific drugs are mentioned like heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cannabis, and their psychoactive and physiological effects. Factors that influence how drugs affect individuals are also discussed along with problems that can arise from drug use and abuse.
This document provides an overview of substance abuse for students. It defines substance abuse and distinguishes it from substance dependence. It discusses the prevalence of substance abuse among students, noting that marijuana and prescription drugs are the most commonly abused. The document outlines various signs and symptoms of substance abuse and how substances affect the brain. It also discusses factors influencing abuse, consequences of abuse, and medical treatments and resources available.
The document discusses the hazards of drug abuse in India. It finds that 10 million Indians are dependent on alcohol, 2.3 million on cannabis, and 0.5 million on opiates. Drug abuse can cause both immediate and long-term health effects, including memory loss, violent behavior, liver and kidney damage, and increased risk of diseases like HIV/AIDS. Drug dependency develops as the body adapts to the drug and withdrawal symptoms set in without continued use.
This document provides an overview of principles of de-addiction programs. It begins with definitions of key terms like use, abuse, addiction, and dependence. It then outlines general principles of drug addiction treatment programs, noting that addiction is a treatable disease affecting brain and behavior, and that effective treatment addresses multiple individual needs. Finally, it describes different categories of treatment programs including detoxification, long-term residential treatment, outpatient counseling, group counseling, and criminal justice-involved programs. The overall message is that drug addiction treatment requires a multifaceted approach tailored to individual needs.
The document summarizes epidemiological data on substance use disorders. It reports that the lifetime prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence varies by age, with the highest rates occurring between ages 18-44. Approximately 90% of individuals experience onset of their first alcohol or drug problem by age 38. Risk factors include a family history of substance abuse, male gender, younger age, association with deviant peers, and childhood behavioral issues.
This document provides background information on nutrition and substance abuse. It summarizes 2011 survey data showing high rates of binge drinking, heavy drinking, illicit drug use, and substance abuse/dependence in the US population. For veterans receiving VA healthcare, over 60% of marginal costs are due to substance abuse and result from inpatient care. The document discusses how substance abuse can lead to both primary and secondary malnutrition by disrupting food intake and altering absorption, metabolism, and nutrient utilization. It notes the lack of research on illicit drug-induced malnourishment and challenges conducting such research. The purpose of the presented thesis is then stated as measuring attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around nutrition, health and self-care in veterans enrolled
Drug abuse and drug dependences for Diploma pharmacy - 2nd year in Hospital and clinical pharmacy.
Some more valuable information about the Drug Addiction and drug dependences which is in concise manner.
Narcotics abuse can be life-threatening and ruinous. It is widespread among both youth and adults across socioeconomic classes. Chronic narcotics use leads to tolerance, requiring increased doses for the same effect, and causes withdrawal symptoms like tremors and vomiting when use is stopped. Prolonged dependence can cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. Narcotics abuse has negative effects on individuals through health issues, lost productivity, and psychological dependence. It also harms families through neglect, financial problems, and unhappiness. Communities face increased crime, accidents, and economic impacts from reduced workforce participation due to narcotics abuse.
This document discusses adolescent substance abuse, including:
- Common drugs of abuse such as alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco and emerging trends like bath salts and e-cigarettes.
- How the adolescent brain is still developing which can increase risk-taking behaviors and substance abuse.
- The co-morbidity of substance abuse with mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Prevention strategies are needed to address the myths surrounding substance use and the health risks to adolescents.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The need for combating drug abuse among youths in Nigeria is very important. This is because many of them who are supposed to contribute to national development cannot do so due to the side effect drug abuse has posed on them. Adult education as an intervention can go a long way to enlighten youths on the dangers of abusing drug, and the need to do away with it. It is against this fact that this paper examines how adult education can be used as a strategy for combating drug abuse among Nigeria youths. The paper examines the prevalence of drug abuse among youths, the importance of drug, types of drug abuse by youths, and the reason youths abuse drug. In addition, the paper addresses the danger of drug, and how drug abuse can be combated via adult education programmes. The paper concludes that Adult Education via mobilization, civic education, remedial education, adult literacy, and vocational education can be used to free our youths from the shackles of drug abuse.
1) The document discusses substance use disorders and related topics from Healthy People 2020, including goals to increase quality of life and eliminate health disparities, with a focus on mental health and substance abuse.
2) Key details are provided on substance abuse objectives from Healthy People 2020, federal agencies and national institutes involved in substance abuse treatment and research, common drugs of abuse, and diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders.
3) Statistics are presented on prevalence of substance use disorders in the US and high-risk groups like college students and military/veterans. Etiology, neurobiology, screening and assessment tools, physical exam findings, and stages of change are summarized.
The document discusses several topics related to prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse including:
- Statistics showing non-medical use of prescription medications is second only to marijuana and affects millions of Americans each year, including teenagers.
- Common prescription drugs that are abused like opioids, including oxycodone and hydrocodone, and the adverse effects of abusing these medications.
- Federal sentencing of athlete Marion Jones for lying about steroid use and involvement in fraud.
- Actor Heath Ledger's accidental overdose death from a combination of prescription sleeping pills and anti-anxiety medications.
- Advertisements aimed at educating parents and teenagers about the dangers of abusing prescription medications obtained from family medicine cabinets.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce certain plastics and medical devices. While BPA is efficiently metabolized when ingested, its metabolism is less efficient when exposure comes from medical devices. There is debate about the health risks of BPA exposure from food and medical devices, with some studies finding specific effects from low doses but no clear conclusions. Certain medical procedures that result in prolonged exposure, like those for neonates and dialysis patients, may pose a risk since exposure could exceed the tolerable daily intake level. More information is needed on alternatives to BPA in medical devices to properly evaluate risks versus treatment benefits.
In coming years, the world’s energy consumption is expected to increase dramatically. While fossil fuels will remain an important source of energy, renewable energies will also gain importance, as a result of concerns over high fossil fuel prices, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependence.
Could biofuels derived from forestry products and residues help meet the energy demand?
The current policies that have been put in place to address climate change are likely to
lead to an increase in global temperature of 4°C before the end of this century. Even if the international community has committed, through the international agreements of
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a maximum warming
of 2°C, decisive action is still needed to reach this goal.
In a report prepared for the World Bank, the Potsdam Institute for Climate Change lays out the consequences of a warming of 4°C.
Do static magnetic or electric fields used for instance in medical imaging pose health risks?
Medical imaging devices (such as MRI scanners), trains, and television sets are examples of man-made equipment that can generate static magnetic or electric fields.
In some areas of research and medical imaging, stronger and stronger static magnetic fields are being used.
What is known so far about potential health consequences?
Forests cover a third of our planet's land.
They provide raw materials, maintain biodiversity, protect land and water resources, and play a role in climate change mitigation.
Forests are heavily exploited, but important efforts are being made to use and manage them more sustainably.
What is the current state of the world's forests?
Light has beneficial roles when it
comes to synchronising our day-night
rhythm and driving our skin’s natural
production of vitamin D. However, the
sun’s rays can also burn our skin and
eyes, and give rise to skin cancer.
Must we be cautious when using
artificial light?
Food and drinking water commonly contain some boron. Boron is used for instance in laundry products. Could boron exposure affect my health? Under what conditions could it be beneficial or harmful to the environment?
Psychoactive substances affect the central nervous system and brain function, changing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. Different drugs affect different neurotransmitters in the brain. The document discusses several key points:
1) Psychoactive drugs can have negative short-term and long-term health effects, including overdose, accidents, chronic illnesses, and social problems. Prenatal drug exposure can harm fetal development and cause issues like low birth weight.
2) Biological theories suggest genetics and changes in the brain from drug use contribute to addiction. No single factor determines if a person will become addicted.
3) The use of drugs like alcohol and opioids during pregnancy can significantly impact the health of
This document provides an overview of drug abuse and addiction from a scientific perspective. It discusses how drugs change the brain in ways that can lead to compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences, defining addiction as a chronic brain disease. Early drug use and environmental factors like peer influence and family issues can increase risk of addiction, while protective factors reduce risk. Adolescence is a critical time for prevention efforts because drug use during this period of brain development can have long-lasting impacts. Research-based prevention programs work to boost protective factors and reduce risk factors in order to prevent drug abuse and addiction.
This document discusses drug abuse and addiction from a scientific perspective. It defines addiction as a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Drugs change the brain's structure and function, which can lead to harmful behaviors. While people initially take drugs for pleasure, stress relief, or performance enhancement, over time drug use takes over their lives and they compulsively seek drugs despite problems. Continued drug abuse impairs a person's self-control, which is a hallmark of addiction. The document frames addiction as a serious medical condition, not a moral failing.
This document provides an overview of drug abuse and addiction. It discusses how drug abuse affects the brain and behavior, leading to addiction which is a chronic relapsing brain disease. Adolescence is a critical time for preventing addiction as the brain is still developing and early drug use increases risk. Research shows that research-based prevention programs targeting risk and protective factors can significantly reduce early drug use and prevent addiction by strengthening families, schools, and communities.
"You Use, You Lose": An SHS Student AdvocacyGio Gaterin
Addiction is a chronic brain disease caused by drug use that disrupts the brain's communication system. Drugs either imitate or overstimulate the brain's natural chemical messengers, particularly dopamine, and can lead to compulsive drug seeking behavior. While initial drug use is often voluntary, continued use changes the brain in ways that challenge self-control. Risk factors like genetics, environment, and age influence a person's vulnerability to addiction. Prevention through education is key to reducing drug abuse.
The document discusses the various effects that drug abuse and addiction can have on the human body and brain. It notes that drugs enter the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion, which impacts how quickly they take effect. Some of the potential health effects of drug abuse include weakening the immune system, cardiovascular issues, liver damage, seizures, and permanent brain damage. Drug use can also lead to behavioral issues like paranoia, aggression, and impaired judgment. Pregnant women who use drugs risk having babies with health problems, birth defects, or developmental issues. Long term, drugs have been shown to alter brain chemistry and interfere with decision making, which can lead to compulsive drug craving and dependency.
The document discusses the various effects that drug abuse and addiction can have on the human body and brain. It notes that drugs enter the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion, which impacts how quickly they take effect. Some of the potential health effects of drug abuse include weakened immune systems, cardiovascular issues, liver damage, seizures, and permanent brain damage. Drug use can also lead to behavioral issues like paranoia, aggression, and impaired judgment. Pregnant women who use drugs risk having babies with birth defects, developmental and learning problems. Long term, drugs have been shown to alter brain chemistry and interfere with decision making, which can lead to compulsive drug craving and dependency.
Brains on Drugs - This paper looks into the processes related to drugs and be...DuncanMstar
Alcohol drug abuse is a systematic drinking problem that causes both social and health issues. However, alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a disease depicted by unusually high alcohol thirst behavior that results in loss of judgment through over drinking
Techniques of treatment on drug addicted people in sover life rehab centerNafiz Al Kalam
No nation on earth is untouched by the effects of drug abuse. The problem has reached such a
proportion that it has become a global threat. From the impoverished villages where drugs are
grown to the modern cities where they are ultimately sold, drugs follow a complex route that hits every country in the world; Bangladesh is no exception.
This document discusses drug and alcohol abuse. It defines drug abuse and addiction, and classifies drugs into 7 categories: central nervous system depressants, central nervous system stimulants, hallucinogens, dissociative anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, inhalants, and cannabis. It describes each category and provides examples. The document also discusses symptoms of drug problems, prevalence of drug abuse in India, alcohol use and abuse, and the types of treatment for alcohol abuse including behavioral treatments.
Drug and substance abuse among youth is a major problem globally that negatively impacts academic, social, psychological, economic and physical development. It reduces young people's ability to contribute to society during their productive years. The document discusses factors that influence drug abuse among youth such as gender, employment, availability of drugs, and peer pressure. It also outlines the health, social, economic, security, and environmental impacts of drug abuse at the individual, family, community and national levels. Common drugs abused in Kenya include alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, khat, opioids, sedatives, stimulants and inhalants.
This document discusses drug abuse and dependence. It defines drugs, drug abuse, and drug dependence according to WHO. It notes that an estimated 12-20 million people in the US smoke marijuana and 30-50% of high school students have used marijuana. Dependence-producing drugs have the capacity to cause dependence. Prevention approaches include legislation, education, and providing alternative community activities for youth. Treatment involves identification, detoxification, counseling, rehabilitation, and vocational training to prevent relapse.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was established in 1997 to help the UN address issues related to drug trafficking, crime prevention, terrorism, and corruption. It employs around 500 people worldwide and is headquartered in Vienna, with 21 field offices. The agency aims to help governments handle drug, crime, terrorism and corruption issues through research, guidance, and technical/financial assistance. Approximately 90% of its funding comes from voluntary government contributions.
This document discusses drug addiction among youth. It begins by defining drug addiction and distinguishing it from drug abuse. It then covers the types of drugs, how drugs affect the brain and health, and how drug addiction impacts youth. The types of drugs are categorized as stimulants, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens. Drugs interfere with brain communication and can damage neurons. Different drugs have various negative health effects, including increased risk of diseases like cancer, emphysema and cardiovascular issues. The document concludes that drug addiction is a serious problem, especially among youth, and prevention through education is needed due to the lack of a specific treatment.
The document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects on consciousness and addiction. It describes how continued drug use can lead to dependence and addiction through tolerance. Withdrawal from addictive drugs causes undesirable symptoms like discomfort and distress. Dependence involves physical and psychological cravings when absence from the drug. The document categorizes major psychoactive drugs into depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens; and provides examples and effects of drugs from each category like alcohol, cocaine, LSD. Biological, psychological and social-cultural factors influence drug use.
This document discusses the dangers of drug abuse, including addiction, health problems, and death. It notes that drugs can affect each person differently based on their brain chemistry and prior drug exposure. Common signs of drug abuse are listed, such as declining interest in activities, mood swings, and associating with known drug users. The most commonly abused drugs in the Philippines like methamphetamine, marijuana, and inhalants are described along with their short and long term negative health effects.
This document discusses drug addiction and related topics. It begins by defining drug addiction as a chronic disease affecting the brain where a person feels compelled to use drugs repeatedly regardless of the harm. It then discusses the stages of drug addiction from initial curiosity to drugs becoming the center of a person's life. The document also covers drug abuse, causes of drug use, symptoms of abuse, treatment options, and the differences between addiction, abuse, tolerance, and dependence.
Drug abuse refers to a destructive pattern of using substances like alcohol, prescription drugs, or illegal drugs that leads to distress or problems. Teen prescription drug abuse of narcotics and stimulants is increasing. Drug addiction, also called substance dependence, is a disease characterized by compulsive drug use, tolerance, and withdrawal. Individuals with both drug abuse issues and mental illness are considered to have a dual diagnosis and are at higher risk of treatment noncompliance. Commonly abused drugs include alcohol, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opiates, PCP, and sedatives. Drug abuse and addiction can
This document discusses drug dependence and abuse. It defines drug abuse as the compulsive and harmful use of substances, and dependence as a compulsive need to use drugs to function normally and experience withdrawal without them. It explores reasons for drug use and the difference between abuse and dependence. Specific drugs discussed include nicotine, alcohol, and opioids. For each drug, modes of use, mechanisms of action in the body, effects, tolerance, dependence and treatment approaches are summarized.
The document discusses the physical and psychological effects of drug addiction. Physically, drug addiction can impact all body systems and lead to issues like heart or lung problems, infections, seizures, and brain damage. It can also negatively impact babies born to drug abusing mothers. Psychologically, drug addiction causes cravings and changes brain function so users feel they need the drug. It can result in mood swings, decreased pleasure, mental illness, and risky behaviors. The costs of drug addiction on healthcare and criminal justice systems are also substantial.
Similar to Psychoactive Drugs Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Substances (20)
La biologie de synthèse utilise des méthodes plus simples et plus rapides pour produire des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM).
Quels sont les risques potentiels?
La biología sintética utiliza métodos más rápidos y sencillos para producir organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG).
¿Qué riesgos conlleva la biología sintética?
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...GreenFacts
L’utilisation commerciale des nanomatériaux est relativement nouvelle et si certaines applications pourraient être prometteuses et bénéfiques, elle soulève également des questions quant à sa sûreté.
La silice sous forme nano dans les cosmétiques est-elle dangereuse ?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?GreenFacts
El uso comercial de los nanomateriales es relativamente reciente y, si bien puede tener aplicaciones prometedoras y beneficiosas, también plantea problemas de seguridad.
¿Es peligrosa la presencia de nanosílice en los cosméticos?
El documento discute la seguridad de las obturaciones dentales de amalgama y los materiales alternativos. Aunque la amalgama contiene mercurio, no hay pruebas de que cause problemas de salud a menos que se tenga una alergia. Las obturaciones alternativas también parecen seguras, pero se necesita más investigación. El comité científico concluyó que ni la amalgama ni los materiales alternativos son dañinos para la salud general, y los pacientes deben decidir con sus dentistas cuál opción se ajusta mejor a sus necesidades
In light of recent scientific studies on dental amalgam, SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks) revisited its 2008 opinion on the safety and performance of both dental amalgam and possible alternatives (i.e. resin-based composites, glass ionomer cements and ceramics).
Mercury, which is the metallic element used in dental amalgam fillings, has well-documented and well-known health effects. Do dental amalgam and alternative materials pose any risks?
Este documento discute los riesgos potenciales para la salud de la exposición al bisfenol A (BPA) a través de dispositivos médicos. Existe un debate sobre si el nivel actual de exposición al BPA representa un riesgo, aunque algunos estudios muestran efectos potenciales a dosis bajas. La exposición al BPA a través de dispositivos médicos como catéteres es menor que a través de alimentos, pero puede superar los niveles considerados seguros en algunos casos como en unidades de cuidados intens
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?GreenFacts
Un nouvel avis du SCENIHR examine les dernières données concernant l’impact sur la santé des technologies les plus récentes. Cette fiche d’information est fondée sur l’avis scientifique du Comité scientifique des risques sanitaires
émergents et nouveaux indépendant (SCENIHR) : «Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields
(EMF)».
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...GreenFacts
The IPCC uses a very specific language when it comes to expressing the degree of uncertainty or agreement for each statement in the fifth assessment report. For an overview of the specific meaning of each qualifier, you can read the relevant section in our summary of the Working Group I report.
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itGreenFacts
The document summarizes the causes, consequences, and means to limit antibiotic resistance. It discusses how overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to bacteria developing resistance. It also explains how resistance can spread between bacteria and the potential impacts, such as certain infections becoming untreatable. The document recommends improving surveillance of resistance, prudent antibiotic use, infection prevention, and developing new antibiotics to address the issue.
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...GreenFacts
El creciente uso de nanomateriales en una amplia gama de productos de consumo
ha llevado a revaluar la seguridad de varias sustancias, entre ellas el dióxido
de titanio (TiO2). El dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas
se utiliza como decolorante en cremas y lociones, y actualmente está aprobado como
filtro UV para protectores solares. ¿Son seguros los protectores solares con nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Se comportan estas nanopartículas de
manera diferente a otras partículas de dióxido de titanio? ¿Cómo se evalúan los riesgos de las nanopartículas? La presente hoja informativa contiene todas las respuestas.
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?GreenFacts
The increasing use of nanomaterials in a wide range of
consumer products has prompted a re-evaluation of the safety of a number of subs tances, including titanium
dioxide (TiO2). Titanium dioxide, in the form of nanoparticles used to render creams and lotions transparent, is currently approved as a UV-filter in sunscreens. Are sunscreens with titanium dioxide nanoparticles safe? Do these nanoparticles behave
differently than other particles of titanium dioxide?
How are the risks of nanoparticles evaluated?
This fact sheet tells you all about it.
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?GreenFacts
Die zunehmende Verwendung von Nanomaterialien
in einer großen Anzahl von Konsumgütern hat
eine erneute Abschätzung der Sicherheit einer
Reihe von Substanzen, einschließlich des
Titandioxids (TiO2), nötig gemacht.
Titandioxid, das in der Form von Nanopartikeln verwendet wird um Cremes und Lotionen transparent zu machen, wird derzeit als UV-Filter in Sonnenschutzmitteln zugelassen. Sind
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid-Nanopartikeln
sicher? Verhalten sich diese Nanopartikel anders als
andere Partikel des Titandioxids? Wie werden die Gefahren
von Nanopartikeln abgeschätzt? In diesem Informationsblatt
erfahren Sie alles darüber.
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...GreenFacts
L’utilisation croissante de nanomatériaux dans toute une série de produits de consommation a donné lieu à une
réévaluation de la sécurité de certaines substances,
notamment le dioxyde de titane (TiO2). Le dioxyde de
titane, sous la forme de nanoparticules
utilisées pour rendre les crèmes et les lotions
transparentes, est actuellement approuvé en tant que
filtre UV dans les écrans solaires. Les écrans solaires
contenant des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane
sont-ils sûrs ? Ces nanoparticules se comportent-elles
différemment des autres particules de dioxyde de titane
? Comment les risques des nanoparticules sontils
évalués ? Cette fiche d’information vous dit tout.
Les nanoparticules d’argent sont-elles sûres ?GreenFacts
L’argent est largement utilisé pour son activité antibactérienne dans les produits médicaux et de
consommation en raison de son large éventail
d’activités et de sa toxicité moindre par rapport à d’autres bactéricides.
De plus en plus de produits utilisent l’argent sous
forme de nanoparticules pour son activité bactéricide
plus efficace, qui permet de l’utiliser en
plus petite quantité. Ces nanoparticules sontelles
sûres pour votre santé et l’environnement
? Les micro-organismes peuvent-ils développer
une résistance aux effets de l’argent ?
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.