Drug and substance abuse among youth is a major problem globally that negatively impacts academic, social, psychological, economic and physical development. It reduces young people's ability to contribute to society during their productive years. The document discusses factors that influence drug abuse among youth such as gender, employment, availability of drugs, and peer pressure. It also outlines the health, social, economic, security, and environmental impacts of drug abuse at the individual, family, community and national levels. Common drugs abused in Kenya include alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, khat, opioids, sedatives, stimulants and inhalants.
Escaping the temptations of Drub abuseOladele Situ
1) Drug and substance abuse among youths in Nigeria is a significant problem, with cannabis being the most commonly abused drug.
2) Drug abuse has many negative health effects and can lead to addiction due to changes in the brain's reward pathway.
3) Preventing drug abuse requires efforts like education, strong social support systems, and treatment for those already addicted through medical and behavioral therapies.
Substance abuse and addiction during adulthoodLydia Betsy
Definition of substance abuse, addiction and adulthood. Various stages of addiction, how one can overcome addiction and substance abuse, substance abuse and addiction across adulthood years. Effect on the mental health of an individual support with research studies.
This document discusses substance abuse from a structural-functionalist perspective. It defines substance abuse and dependency, and lists some common causes like genetic predisposition and peer pressure. It outlines the stages of substance abuse from experimental to dependence. Physical, behavioral, and psychological warning signs are provided. Potential complications are discussed along with prevention, treatment, and how substance abuse affects society through increased crime and unemployment rates. Solutions proposed include intervening with media portrayals of drugs, increasing awareness of risks of drug use, and providing early treatment programs.
This document discusses drugs and substance abuse sensitization in schools. It begins by emphasizing the importance of student safety and well-being. It then provides an overview of common drugs like narcotics, tobacco, and alcohol as well as their effects. The document outlines signs of drug abuse and recommends that schools provide drug education, create a safe environment, and work with parents and the community to address this issue. It promotes multi-sector collaboration and counseling programs to prevent and address substance abuse among students.
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease caused by repeated drug abuse that leads to changes in brain structure and function and compels drug seeking behaviors. While initial drug use is often voluntary, continued use can affect self-control and decision making abilities. Treatment for drug addiction includes medications to reestablish normal brain function and prevent relapse, as well as behavioral therapies to modify attitudes and behaviors and teach healthy life skills.
Prescription painkillers are addictive drugs that are often misused despite being meant only for medical purposes. Oxycodone is one of the most commonly misused painkillers as it affects the nervous system similarly to heroin. Taking prescription drugs without a prescription is illegal and can result in jail time, fines, and a criminal record. Youth often abuse prescription drugs due to influences from media that portray their recreational use. Treatment options are available through local rehabilitation clinics and national organizations.
This document discusses illicit drug consumption and its effects in Sri Lanka. It begins by defining illicit drugs and providing examples like cannabis, heroin, and cocaine. It then explains how illicit drug use impacts people through negative effects on relationships, safety, employment, education, violence, finances, stress, and health. In Sri Lanka, the number of drug-related arrests increased to over 67,000 in 2014, with most from the Western province. The document concludes that eliminating illicit drug use requires a collaborative effort through prevention programs, rehabilitation, public awareness, and legal enforcement.
This document discusses drug addiction and abuse in teenagers. It begins by noting that drug abuse is a complex problem that affects people of all ages. It then explains how drugs change the way the brain works by interfering with neuron communication and changing the brain's reward system involving dopamine. Teenage brains are especially vulnerable as they are still developing. Psychological and social factors can push teenagers towards drug use. Addiction involves changes in the brain that cause compulsive drug craving and use. Treatment requires a holistic approach involving medication, behavioral therapies, and social support.
Escaping the temptations of Drub abuseOladele Situ
1) Drug and substance abuse among youths in Nigeria is a significant problem, with cannabis being the most commonly abused drug.
2) Drug abuse has many negative health effects and can lead to addiction due to changes in the brain's reward pathway.
3) Preventing drug abuse requires efforts like education, strong social support systems, and treatment for those already addicted through medical and behavioral therapies.
Substance abuse and addiction during adulthoodLydia Betsy
Definition of substance abuse, addiction and adulthood. Various stages of addiction, how one can overcome addiction and substance abuse, substance abuse and addiction across adulthood years. Effect on the mental health of an individual support with research studies.
This document discusses substance abuse from a structural-functionalist perspective. It defines substance abuse and dependency, and lists some common causes like genetic predisposition and peer pressure. It outlines the stages of substance abuse from experimental to dependence. Physical, behavioral, and psychological warning signs are provided. Potential complications are discussed along with prevention, treatment, and how substance abuse affects society through increased crime and unemployment rates. Solutions proposed include intervening with media portrayals of drugs, increasing awareness of risks of drug use, and providing early treatment programs.
This document discusses drugs and substance abuse sensitization in schools. It begins by emphasizing the importance of student safety and well-being. It then provides an overview of common drugs like narcotics, tobacco, and alcohol as well as their effects. The document outlines signs of drug abuse and recommends that schools provide drug education, create a safe environment, and work with parents and the community to address this issue. It promotes multi-sector collaboration and counseling programs to prevent and address substance abuse among students.
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease caused by repeated drug abuse that leads to changes in brain structure and function and compels drug seeking behaviors. While initial drug use is often voluntary, continued use can affect self-control and decision making abilities. Treatment for drug addiction includes medications to reestablish normal brain function and prevent relapse, as well as behavioral therapies to modify attitudes and behaviors and teach healthy life skills.
Prescription painkillers are addictive drugs that are often misused despite being meant only for medical purposes. Oxycodone is one of the most commonly misused painkillers as it affects the nervous system similarly to heroin. Taking prescription drugs without a prescription is illegal and can result in jail time, fines, and a criminal record. Youth often abuse prescription drugs due to influences from media that portray their recreational use. Treatment options are available through local rehabilitation clinics and national organizations.
This document discusses illicit drug consumption and its effects in Sri Lanka. It begins by defining illicit drugs and providing examples like cannabis, heroin, and cocaine. It then explains how illicit drug use impacts people through negative effects on relationships, safety, employment, education, violence, finances, stress, and health. In Sri Lanka, the number of drug-related arrests increased to over 67,000 in 2014, with most from the Western province. The document concludes that eliminating illicit drug use requires a collaborative effort through prevention programs, rehabilitation, public awareness, and legal enforcement.
This document discusses drug addiction and abuse in teenagers. It begins by noting that drug abuse is a complex problem that affects people of all ages. It then explains how drugs change the way the brain works by interfering with neuron communication and changing the brain's reward system involving dopamine. Teenage brains are especially vulnerable as they are still developing. Psychological and social factors can push teenagers towards drug use. Addiction involves changes in the brain that cause compulsive drug craving and use. Treatment requires a holistic approach involving medication, behavioral therapies, and social support.
Recreational drugs -
History
Types of Drugs
Classification according to drug abuse potential
Conventions on Drug Use
WHO drug report
CANNABIS LEGALISATION
Video - You can't OD on cannabis!
This document discusses the prescription drug abuse epidemic in the United States. It provides statistics showing that nonmedical use of prescription opioids has nearly doubled from 1992 to 2003, with over 15 million Americans abusing prescription drugs in 2003. Emergency department visits involving opioid analgesics increased 111% from 2004 to 2008. Over 36,000 people died from drug overdoses in 2008. The economic costs of prescription painkiller abuse are over $70 billion per year. Factors contributing to the abuse of prescription drugs include their legal availability, perceived lower harm, and profitability of diversion. Strategies to address the epidemic include education, monitoring, abuse-deterrent formulations, and risk management programs.
This document discusses drug abuse and the role of education in addressing it. It defines drug abuse as the harmful use of substances and notes that drugs can negatively impact the body and brain both physically and psychologically. Education is identified as playing a key role through developing students' knowledge and skills, addressing socio-cultural factors, and generating open communication. The document advocates for education programs to raise awareness of drug issues and promote healthy alternatives through counseling, treatment options, and supportive family/peer relationships.
Drug abuse causes several issues for societies and can impact individuals' health, mental state, and likelihood of criminal behavior. However, addressing this problem requires a multi-pronged approach, including education to raise awareness of the dangers, treatment options for addicts, and strong law enforcement to curb drug trafficking and use. With a coordinated response targeting both prevention and intervention, communities can reduce the harms from widespread drug abuse.
This document provides an overview of Revathi Mohan's Masters thesis topic on drug addiction. It includes sections that discuss the reasons for and effects of drug addiction, comorbidity of addiction and mental health disorders, challenges with addiction treatment and recovery, specifics on various drugs (opioids, sedatives, stimulants, etc.), and the role of organizations in addressing addiction. Graphs and diagrams are presented on topics like why addiction is difficult to quit, the dual epidemics of drug use and HIV/AIDS, and opportunities for international drug research collaboration.
The Practice and Theory of Alcohol & Drug Addiction Treatment at Delhi on Sa...Neil Paul
The workshop aims to identify core factors responsible for therapeutic success of Alcohol & Drug Addiction Treatmentregardless of theoretical orientation or psychiatric diagnosis
Drug abuse can be very costly, leading to the loss of friends, family, jobs, and high financial costs as frequent drug use is expensive. Addiction is characterized by continued drug use despite the harmful effects and follows a typical progression from experimentation to occasional use, to craving and seeking out the drug, and eventually very frequent drug use.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
outcome made by group of shahmir nawaz, adeen taquie, momin akbar and talmeez ur rehman
this outcome is aimed to help teenagers overcome drug addiction and to spread awarness among teeens about negative effects of drug abuse
The document discusses several reasons why drug use has become a more serious problem today than in the past. It notes that drugs are more potent, widely available, and introduced to youth at younger ages. It also discusses biological, psychological, and social factors that can contribute to drug use and addiction, including genetics, mental health issues, peer influence, and social learning. The document outlines some warning signs of drug abuse problems.
The document discusses World Drug Day which is observed annually on June 26th to raise awareness of the global drug problem. It notes that better knowledge is needed to address the drug issue and foster international cooperation. It then provides information on common reasons for teen drug use, latest drug trends including increasing opioid and stimulant abuse, and the impacts of COVID-19 on drug production, trafficking and use. Finally, it outlines the responsibilities of pharmacists in preventing substance abuse through education, monitoring programs, and discouraging overprescribing.
Substance and drug abuse can have serious negative effects on the body. Drugs are chemicals that work in predictable patterns to mimic, facilitate, or antagonize the body's normal functions, with their effects depending on factors like the substance, route of administration, dosage, and frequency of use. Common drugs of abuse include alcohol, tobacco, over-the-counter medications, depressants, narcotics, stimulants, and hallucinogens, each of which can impact the body in harmful ways when misused or abused.
This document discusses key concepts related to drug abuse and addiction. It defines terms like misuse, abuse, drug seeking behavior, and reinforcing properties. It explains how drugs can act as positive or negative reinforcers, and how chronic exposure can lead to addiction characterized by craving. It describes methods to assess abuse potential in animals. It discusses the differences between habituation, addiction, and drug dependence. It provides criteria for substance dependence and abuse from the DSM. It also defines concepts like tolerance, withdrawal, cross-tolerance, cross-dependence, relapse, detoxification, and reasons why people may start abusing drugs.
The document discusses 5 common myths about drug abuse and addiction. Myth 1 is that overcoming addiction is simply a matter of willpower, but prolonged drug use actually alters the brain in ways that result in cravings and compulsion to use. Myth 2 is that addiction is an uncontrollable disease, but treatment can help reverse brain changes. Myth 3 is that addicts have to hit rock bottom first, but recovery can begin at any stage and earlier is better. Myth 4 is that treatment has to be voluntary, but coerced treatment can also be successful as thinking clears. Myth 5 is that relapse means treatment failure, but it's a signal to adjust the treatment approach.
This document provides information on various types of drugs, including their effects and risks. It discusses stimulants like caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines. It covers depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Marijuana, opiates, hallucinogens, and inhalants are also described. Designer drugs or "club drugs" like ecstasy, GHB, ketamine and rohypnol are examined. The risks of misuse, abuse and addiction are highlighted throughout.
The document provides statistics on drug use in the UK and information about different types of drugs. An estimated 1 in 3 adults have taken an illicit drug in their lifetime, with higher rates among young people aged 16-24. It then defines what a drug is and discusses the effects and risks of various drug classes like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The document covers topics like addiction, overdosing, the law, and safety advice for drug users. Overall, the document aims to educate people on the realities of drug use while also providing resources for help.
This document discusses drugs and substance abuse from various perspectives. It defines drugs and differentiates between medications, recreational drugs, and those used for spiritual/religious purposes or self-improvement. It also covers substance abuse, drug misuse, causes and treatment of addiction, drug policy in India, and punishment for drug-related offenses based on the quantity involved. Recreational drugs like marijuana are illegal but available in India, while prescription drug abuse is rising and endangering many.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major milestones like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 which categorized drugs based on their medical use and abuse potential. The challenges around balancing public health, crime prevention, and civil liberties in developing drug laws are also examined.
The document discusses various aspects of drug abuse prevention programs and strategies. It provides statistics showing that in 2011, about 20.6 million Americans aged 12 or older were dependent on or abused substances. It also outlines the goals of prevention programs as enhancing protective factors, addressing all forms of drug abuse, and tailoring programs to specific audiences. Finally, it describes different levels and examples of prevention programs, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention as well as school-based, community-based, and family-based approaches.
Ms. Tanisha Poddar of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Substance abuse among youth.
For More Query Call us on 09990474829, 011 61199191
Visit us at https://www.jimssouthdelhi.com/
Follow us on:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JIMSVASANTKUNJII/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimsljptweets
Instagram : : https://www.instagram.com/jims_vk2/?hl=en
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Blog: https://jimssouthdelhi.com/blog/
Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jims-vasant-kunj-38785a85/
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
c25a8u3s9e7s
Recreational drugs -
History
Types of Drugs
Classification according to drug abuse potential
Conventions on Drug Use
WHO drug report
CANNABIS LEGALISATION
Video - You can't OD on cannabis!
This document discusses the prescription drug abuse epidemic in the United States. It provides statistics showing that nonmedical use of prescription opioids has nearly doubled from 1992 to 2003, with over 15 million Americans abusing prescription drugs in 2003. Emergency department visits involving opioid analgesics increased 111% from 2004 to 2008. Over 36,000 people died from drug overdoses in 2008. The economic costs of prescription painkiller abuse are over $70 billion per year. Factors contributing to the abuse of prescription drugs include their legal availability, perceived lower harm, and profitability of diversion. Strategies to address the epidemic include education, monitoring, abuse-deterrent formulations, and risk management programs.
This document discusses drug abuse and the role of education in addressing it. It defines drug abuse as the harmful use of substances and notes that drugs can negatively impact the body and brain both physically and psychologically. Education is identified as playing a key role through developing students' knowledge and skills, addressing socio-cultural factors, and generating open communication. The document advocates for education programs to raise awareness of drug issues and promote healthy alternatives through counseling, treatment options, and supportive family/peer relationships.
Drug abuse causes several issues for societies and can impact individuals' health, mental state, and likelihood of criminal behavior. However, addressing this problem requires a multi-pronged approach, including education to raise awareness of the dangers, treatment options for addicts, and strong law enforcement to curb drug trafficking and use. With a coordinated response targeting both prevention and intervention, communities can reduce the harms from widespread drug abuse.
This document provides an overview of Revathi Mohan's Masters thesis topic on drug addiction. It includes sections that discuss the reasons for and effects of drug addiction, comorbidity of addiction and mental health disorders, challenges with addiction treatment and recovery, specifics on various drugs (opioids, sedatives, stimulants, etc.), and the role of organizations in addressing addiction. Graphs and diagrams are presented on topics like why addiction is difficult to quit, the dual epidemics of drug use and HIV/AIDS, and opportunities for international drug research collaboration.
The Practice and Theory of Alcohol & Drug Addiction Treatment at Delhi on Sa...Neil Paul
The workshop aims to identify core factors responsible for therapeutic success of Alcohol & Drug Addiction Treatmentregardless of theoretical orientation or psychiatric diagnosis
Drug abuse can be very costly, leading to the loss of friends, family, jobs, and high financial costs as frequent drug use is expensive. Addiction is characterized by continued drug use despite the harmful effects and follows a typical progression from experimentation to occasional use, to craving and seeking out the drug, and eventually very frequent drug use.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
outcome made by group of shahmir nawaz, adeen taquie, momin akbar and talmeez ur rehman
this outcome is aimed to help teenagers overcome drug addiction and to spread awarness among teeens about negative effects of drug abuse
The document discusses several reasons why drug use has become a more serious problem today than in the past. It notes that drugs are more potent, widely available, and introduced to youth at younger ages. It also discusses biological, psychological, and social factors that can contribute to drug use and addiction, including genetics, mental health issues, peer influence, and social learning. The document outlines some warning signs of drug abuse problems.
The document discusses World Drug Day which is observed annually on June 26th to raise awareness of the global drug problem. It notes that better knowledge is needed to address the drug issue and foster international cooperation. It then provides information on common reasons for teen drug use, latest drug trends including increasing opioid and stimulant abuse, and the impacts of COVID-19 on drug production, trafficking and use. Finally, it outlines the responsibilities of pharmacists in preventing substance abuse through education, monitoring programs, and discouraging overprescribing.
Substance and drug abuse can have serious negative effects on the body. Drugs are chemicals that work in predictable patterns to mimic, facilitate, or antagonize the body's normal functions, with their effects depending on factors like the substance, route of administration, dosage, and frequency of use. Common drugs of abuse include alcohol, tobacco, over-the-counter medications, depressants, narcotics, stimulants, and hallucinogens, each of which can impact the body in harmful ways when misused or abused.
This document discusses key concepts related to drug abuse and addiction. It defines terms like misuse, abuse, drug seeking behavior, and reinforcing properties. It explains how drugs can act as positive or negative reinforcers, and how chronic exposure can lead to addiction characterized by craving. It describes methods to assess abuse potential in animals. It discusses the differences between habituation, addiction, and drug dependence. It provides criteria for substance dependence and abuse from the DSM. It also defines concepts like tolerance, withdrawal, cross-tolerance, cross-dependence, relapse, detoxification, and reasons why people may start abusing drugs.
The document discusses 5 common myths about drug abuse and addiction. Myth 1 is that overcoming addiction is simply a matter of willpower, but prolonged drug use actually alters the brain in ways that result in cravings and compulsion to use. Myth 2 is that addiction is an uncontrollable disease, but treatment can help reverse brain changes. Myth 3 is that addicts have to hit rock bottom first, but recovery can begin at any stage and earlier is better. Myth 4 is that treatment has to be voluntary, but coerced treatment can also be successful as thinking clears. Myth 5 is that relapse means treatment failure, but it's a signal to adjust the treatment approach.
This document provides information on various types of drugs, including their effects and risks. It discusses stimulants like caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines. It covers depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Marijuana, opiates, hallucinogens, and inhalants are also described. Designer drugs or "club drugs" like ecstasy, GHB, ketamine and rohypnol are examined. The risks of misuse, abuse and addiction are highlighted throughout.
The document provides statistics on drug use in the UK and information about different types of drugs. An estimated 1 in 3 adults have taken an illicit drug in their lifetime, with higher rates among young people aged 16-24. It then defines what a drug is and discusses the effects and risks of various drug classes like stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The document covers topics like addiction, overdosing, the law, and safety advice for drug users. Overall, the document aims to educate people on the realities of drug use while also providing resources for help.
This document discusses drugs and substance abuse from various perspectives. It defines drugs and differentiates between medications, recreational drugs, and those used for spiritual/religious purposes or self-improvement. It also covers substance abuse, drug misuse, causes and treatment of addiction, drug policy in India, and punishment for drug-related offenses based on the quantity involved. Recreational drugs like marijuana are illegal but available in India, while prescription drug abuse is rising and endangering many.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major milestones like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 which categorized drugs based on their medical use and abuse potential. The challenges around balancing public health, crime prevention, and civil liberties in developing drug laws are also examined.
The document discusses various aspects of drug abuse prevention programs and strategies. It provides statistics showing that in 2011, about 20.6 million Americans aged 12 or older were dependent on or abused substances. It also outlines the goals of prevention programs as enhancing protective factors, addressing all forms of drug abuse, and tailoring programs to specific audiences. Finally, it describes different levels and examples of prevention programs, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention as well as school-based, community-based, and family-based approaches.
Ms. Tanisha Poddar of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Substance abuse among youth.
For More Query Call us on 09990474829, 011 61199191
Visit us at https://www.jimssouthdelhi.com/
Follow us on:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JIMSVASANTKUNJII/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimsljptweets
Instagram : : https://www.instagram.com/jims_vk2/?hl=en
YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZgioa2rpculDY7bHlljD6g
Blog: https://jimssouthdelhi.com/blog/
Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jims-vasant-kunj-38785a85/
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
c25a8u3s9e7s
Drug abuse affects people worldwide and causes significant health and social issues. According to a 2020 report, around 284 million people aged 15-64 used drugs, a 26% increase over the previous decade. Drugs of abuse fall into categories like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens and are ingested, inhaled, smoked, injected or snorted. Both immediate and long-term effects of drug abuse include cognitive impairment, accidents, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, dependence, and transmission of diseases like HIV/AIDS. Drug abuse also impacts societies through increased crime, family conflicts, loss of human potential, and damage to youth development.
"You Use, You Lose": An SHS Student AdvocacyGio Gaterin
Addiction is a chronic brain disease caused by drug use that disrupts the brain's communication system. Drugs either imitate or overstimulate the brain's natural chemical messengers, particularly dopamine, and can lead to compulsive drug seeking behavior. While initial drug use is often voluntary, continued use changes the brain in ways that challenge self-control. Risk factors like genetics, environment, and age influence a person's vulnerability to addiction. Prevention through education is key to reducing drug abuse.
This document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It notes that drug addiction is a disease caused by changes to the brain from prolonged drug use. Factors like genetics, environment, peer pressure and mental health can influence the risk of addiction. Common signs of drug use include changes in mood and behavior. Many drugs like alcohol, tobacco, opioids and cannabis are addictive and can harm the body. Prevention of drug abuse requires efforts from families, schools, law enforcement and governments to address the root causes and restrict drug trafficking. Treatment involves medical and psychological support to overcome addiction.
Drug abuse refers to using chemicals to experience pleasurable effects on the brain. Addiction is a disease affecting the brain and behavior that causes uncontrollable drug use despite harm. Treatment involves pharmacological, psychological, and social support approaches to address both physical and mental aspects of addiction over the long-term to prevent relapse into drug abuse.
This document discusses drug addiction from multiple perspectives. It begins by explaining how drugs affect the brain's reward system and dopamine levels, causing cravings. It then lists several commonly abused drugs and their effects. It discusses psychological, environmental, and genetic causes of addiction. It outlines various health problems associated with drug use, including effects on the brain, immune system, cardiovascular system, and liver. Behavioral problems, birth defects, and statistics on drug use in the US and Philippines are also summarized. The document concludes by describing drug rehabilitation programs and their goals of treating dependence and enabling patients to cease substance abuse.
This document discusses drug addiction from multiple perspectives. It begins by explaining how drugs affect the brain's reward system and dopamine levels, causing cravings. It then lists several commonly abused drugs and their effects. It discusses psychological, environmental, and genetic causes of addiction. It outlines various health problems associated with drug use, including effects on the brain, immune system, cardiovascular system, and liver. Behavioral problems, birth defects, and statistics on drug use in the US and Philippines are also summarized. The document concludes by describing drug rehabilitation programs and their goals of treating dependence and enabling patients to cease substance abuse.
A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic effect in the body. Many prescription drugs that produce therapeutic effects may also cause non-therapeutic effects if taken in excess and/or without a specific prescription.
Drug abuse represents a complex and multifaceted issue prevalent across societies globally. It involves the misuse of legal or illegal substances that alter the functioning of the brain, leading to detrimental effects on an individual's physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships. From the casual misuse of substances to the severe grip of addiction, drug abuse encompasses a wide spectrum of behaviors and consequences that profoundly impact individuals and communities.
Types and Categories of Drugs:
Drug abuse spans a broad array of substances, including but not limited to alcohol, cannabis, opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, and prescription medications. Each category of drugs affects the brain and body in distinct ways, contributing to varying levels of dependence and health risks. Alcohol, for instance, is legal in many societies but is also one of the most commonly abused substances, leading to addiction and a myriad of health problems when consumed excessively. On the other hand, opioids like heroin or prescription painkillers can quickly lead to physical dependence and overdose fatalities.
Causes and Risk Factors:
The reasons behind drug abuse are multifaceted and can involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Genetic predispositions, family history of substance abuse, trauma, stress, peer pressure, mental health disorders, and socioeconomic factors can all contribute to an individual's susceptibility to drug abuse. Additionally, availability and societal attitudes toward drugs play a significant role in influencing patterns of abuse.
Effects of Drug Abuse:
The effects of drug abuse extend far beyond the individual consuming the substance. Physically, drug abuse can lead to a range of health issues, including cardiovascular problems, liver damage, respiratory complications, infectious diseases from needle sharing, and neurological impairments. Mentally, drug abuse can exacerbate or trigger mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairments. Socially and behaviorally, it can strain relationships, cause legal issues, financial strain, and impair an individual's ability to function at work or in academic settings.
Impact on Society:
Drug abuse poses significant challenges at a societal level. It contributes to crime rates, strains healthcare systems, leads to lost productivity, and imposes substantial economic burdens. Moreover, the societal stigma associated with drug abuse often hinders individuals from seeking help, exacerbating the problem further.
Prevention and Treatment:
Preventing drug abuse involves a multifaceted approach, including education, early intervention, addressing risk factors, and promoting healthy coping mechanisms. Treatment strategies vary and often include behavioral therapies, counseling, support groups, and, in some cases, medication-assisted therapies. The goal of treatment is not only to help individuals overcome their dep
The document discusses various topics related to social problems involving alcohol, drugs, physical health, and mental health. It provides definitions and statistics on substance abuse and addiction, discusses the health effects of alcohol, tobacco, and various illegal drugs. It also covers leading causes of death in the US and worldwide, statistics on AIDS, and types of mental illness and factors influencing physical and mental health. Videos are linked on the meth epidemic and AIDS epidemic for students to watch.
Personality Traits and Substance Abuse - Debashreeta Jena - +3, 2nd yr Ats, P...DebashreetaJena
This document provides a summary of a seminar paper on the relationship between personality traits and substance abuse. It includes sections on the contents, introduction, literature review, drug addiction, personality traits, and conclusions. The introduction discusses how drug addiction is a problem among adolescents and involves sociological, economic, and psychiatric factors. The literature review covers the history of drug use and legislation. Personality traits associated with substance abuse include high neuroticism, openness to experience, and low conscientiousness, agreeableness. Prevention and treatment options are also discussed.
The document discusses reasons for drug use and abuse. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today than in the past, including more potent drugs, younger experimentation, and greater availability of information. It also lists basic reasons people take drugs like pleasure-seeking, peer pressure, and relieving pain. The document examines definitions of addiction, models of addiction, risk factors, and biological explanations for drug abuse.
This document summarizes information about substance abuse and dependence. It discusses the health and social problems caused by commonly abused substances like alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and opioids. Risk factors for substance abuse are discussed, including prenatal exposure, insecure attachment during infancy, aggression during childhood, lack of structure in school, and exposure to substance-using peers. Symptoms of acute intoxication, regular use, dependent use, and injecting drugs are outlined. Specific health issues related to smoking, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and other substances are also summarized.
The Dangers of Drug Abuse: What You Need to Know | Solh WellnessSolh Wellness
Discover the risk factors associated with drug abuse and the potential dangers. Stay informed and make informed choices for a healthy life with Solh Wellness.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
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Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
2. Drug and substance abuse is a global problem and is one of the major problems affecting the
youth both in school and out of school. This problem impacts negatively on the academic, social,
psychological, economical and physiological development among the abusers. The menace of
drugs has strangled the youthful population reducing them to dummies, zombies and drooling
figures only to waste out the prime of their lives when they are most needed to invest their
energy in worthy nation building ventures.
The presentation focuses on factors influencing the use of drugs of abuse among the youth . It
focused on how literacy levels influence drug and substance abuse; whether gender influences
substance and drug abuse; the influence of type of employment on drug and substance abuse;
evaluation of the role of availability of drugs and substance in drug and substance abuse and
lastly whether peer pressure is a contributing factor to drug and substance abuse among the
youth .
In Kenya, the drug abuse scourge has taken its toll on the society largely out of the fact that not
many people treated the various substances as the source of the serious health afflictions.
Evident lack of awareness, fanned by unavailability of accurate information on the adverse
consequences of indulgence habits left the problem of drugs and substance abuse to permeate
communities throughout Kenya.
To a large extent, supply of drugs and demand complement each other, with the result being a
vicious circle of drug abuse leading to compulsive use and tolerance. The various types of drugs
and substances commonly abused in the country by the different communities have evolved in a
cultural and social environment that tolerates and accepts consumption as a normal life style.
The government initiated action by enforcing measures to control supply reduction way back in
1983 with the formation of a specialized Anti Narcotic Unit under the police force
3. Most commonly abused drugs and substances include:
Alcohol
Tobacco
Cannabis (bhang)
Khat (miraa)
Opiods
Sedative-hypnotics
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Inhalants/Solvents, petrol, glue, paint thinners etc.
Prescription and non-prescription drugs
5. Effects of Drugs/Substances Abuse on health ad Social Life
People indulge in drug/substance abuse due to many factors. Some of these factors
are personal while some are due to external forces. It should, however, be known that
for whatever reason one puts himself in this situation, drugs of abuse do not solve a
problem. You never win.
It may be important to point out here that the effects of drug abuse are vast. Many as
they are, these effects also depend on other factors,. Some of these factors are listed
below:-
The physical and chemical properties of the substance of abuse
The user’s personality
The mode of the drug usage
The environment or the area where the victim uses it
The aim, goal or purpose for the use
The cultural attitudes and feelings of the community where the user is based
The law and the rules of the land
The genetic factors
The public control mechanisms
Going by the above, we find that the effects of drugs/substance abuse simply cover:-
The individual
The family
The community and
The National as a whole
Community of nations
6. Effects of Drugs/Substance abuse on the individual
Health
Different drugs of abuse affect different parts of the human body, when two or
more of these drugs are taken together, they tend to have a combined effect
(synergism). most drugs of abuse affect the main organs of the body like:-
The liver
The kidneys
The heart
The lungs
The central nervous system with the brain as the center
The reproductive organs
The effects can be gradual or sudden depending on the individual, the amount
taken, the duration and the environment. All these generate poor health.
With one member of the family or community getting sick gradually or
constantly, other members have to care for their kin. Sometimes diseases are
passed from one member to another due to drug/substance abuse. Examples of
such infections include:- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B.
Sustained stress will lead to mental problems. A sick family or community will
mean reduced nutritional status, increased mortality and reduced life expectancy.
The family of the abuser becomes the victim.
8. Health effects
The picture shows a non smoker healthy
lung and a smoker lung
Complications resulting from drug abuse more frequently affect the lung than any other
organ partially because of the way in which we introduce the drugs into our
body. Smoking crack, heroin or cocaine deposits the substance on our lung
tissue, reducing the ability of the lungs to diffuse oxygen
9. All drugs of abuse—nicotine, cocaine, marijuana, and others—affect the brain’s “reward”
circuit, which is part of the limbic system. Normally, the reward circuit responds to
pleasurable experiences by releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine, which creates
feelings of pleasure, and tells the brain that this is something important—pay attention and
remember it. Drugs hijack this system, causing unusually large amounts of dopamine to
flood the system. Sometimes, this lasts for a long time compared to what happens when a
natural reward stimulates dopamine. This flood of dopamine is what causes the “high” or
euphoria associated with drug abuse
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN9org
Brains
10. Acute effects of cocaine. Cocaine affects the cardiovascular system through 2
major pathways: increased sympathetic output and a local anesthetic effect.
Through increased sympathetic tone and catecholamine levels, cocaine increases
heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility, all of which increase
myocardial oxygen demand. Myocardial oxygen supply is decreased through
coronary vasoconstriction and enhanced thrombosis. Myocardial oxygen demand
may exceed myocardial oxygen supply, leading to ischemia or infarction. Cocaine
affects cardiac myocytes directly by blocking sodium channels, which decreases
left ventricular (LV) contractility and is arrhythmogenic.
12. Heroin has its most profound effect on the liver through the illness of hepatitis.
Hepatitis basically means the swelling and inflammation of the liver most often due
to a viral infection. People can get hepatitis from using heroin regardless of the
method of ingestion. Many heroin addicts get hepatitis through snorting the drug as
it’s never cooked in this form. It’s also extremely common for heroin addicts to pass
hepatitis from one party to another through the practice of sharing unclean needles.
Hepatitis B is the most common and can be the most severe form of the virus to
affect heroin addicts and others who engage in intravenous drug abuse. This is
because this particular virus is generally transmitted via blood and the severity of it
is linked directly to the physical health of the sufferer before they contracted the
disease, and heroin addicts are notoriously malnourished and generally unhealthy
Liver
13. The Effects of Drugs on Fertility
If you and your partner are having difficulties conceiving, then you are probably eager to find out if
you are suffering from an underlying fertility problem. Sometimes, infertility can be the result of
reproductive issues caused by the use of recreational and prescription drugs. Though you may not
realise it, drugs including steroids, alcohol, and tobacco, can have a very negative on both the male
and female reproductive systems. In fact, it is believed that drug use plays a role in a large
percentage of many of unexplained fertility cases.
Most men and women are familiar with the hazards of tobacco use during pregnancy. However, few
people recognise that tobacco has the potential to affect your chances of conceiving. In
fact, cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing have both been related to a number of fertility
problems in both men and women.
Men who smoke cigarettes or chew tobacco often have low sperm counts and poor sperm
motility, both of which can drastically reduce a couple's chances of conceiving. Women who smoke
can suffer from reduced ovarian reserve and chromosomal abnormalities, and are at increased risk
of suffering from a miscarriage or stillbirth.
Children
Prenatal exposure to drugs can result in an array of
emotional, psychological and physical disorders.
Children exposed to illicit drugs after birth may suffer
significant problems that require additional
care, resulting in both personal expenses and costs to
society. Children exposed to drugs are at a significantly
higher risk of both physical and sexual abuse as well as
neglect and often have higher rates of
anxiety, depression, delinquency and educational
and attention problems
14. Men and women who drink more than six alcoholic beverages per day are more likely to
suffer from hormonal imbalances, affecting both the generation of sperm and ovulation.
Women who are heavy drinkers commonly suffer from:
luteal phase defects anovulation amenorrhea Men who are heavy drinkers can suffer
from:low sperm count poor sperm motility poor sperm morphology
The affects of light to moderate alcohol consumption on fertility are, unfortunately, less well
known. It does appear that moderate alcohol consumption can kill off some sperm-producing
cells in the testicles and may contribute to impaired sperm morphology. Some studies also
show that women who are light to moderate drinkers may experience some hormonal
imbalances.
Man woman
Women
Gender differences have been identified as
heavy determinants in the onset of addictive
behaviors, including drug abuse. Women are
acutely affected by particular consequences
of drug abuse, such as sexually transmitted
diseases and the consequences of domestic
violence, in addition to being more likely to
be affected by drug-facilitated crime.
15. Social
Drugs of abuse are not accepted by society. One of the reasons is that
users become anti-social. They behave differently from non-users. The
following may be detected: -
Being solitary
Irresponsible and erratic attitudes and behavior (sometimes moron-
like, sometimes violent, suicidal tendencies, etc.)
Personality deterioration
Prone to accidents
Drug users therefore are detested by society and become social misfits
There is neglect of the family. This is followed by disintegration of the
family or social set-up. Institutions like schools get disrupted. Those
dropping out of school will increase. Violence or crime in general will
equally increase. Since the social fabric is affected, social norms will also
be affected. Hence, an increase in incest, homosexuality, etc. will be
noticed. There will be moral and spiritual erosion.
16. Isolation
Isolation is the most common social effect of drug abuse. The drug abuser
eventually maintains a connection only with his drug of choice.
17. Financial
Depending upon the drug of choice, the financial strain can be devastating.
Buying drugs becomes more important to the drug addict than daily
responsibilities. Drug abuse leads to addiction. And when one gets to that
point, he/she cannot function withiout using the drugs. Therefore most of his
finannces ends up buying drugs to sustain his pusture.
18. Relationships
Close connections to the drug abuser are affected. Relationships
become dysfunctional, as the co-dependent recognizes the effects of
the drugs. Children who use the drugs believe to be right in every
decision. Therefore anyone who differs with him becomes the
enemy. This including his families, friend and relatives. Its always a
hard and tough time for any parents dealing with such scenarios.
19. Family
Social effects on the family can be felt long after the addiction. The family can be
dissolved, children can develop emotional issues and trust can be shattered.
Drug abuse is of particular concern among street
children throughout the world. Studies indicate that
street children who use drugs were more likely to
have been abused by their parents, have a history
of arrests and engage in sex work, exposing them
to sexually transmitted diseases.
Drug abuse also affects children in conflict areas.
In some regions, drugs are used as an instrument
to engage and retain children and young people as
child soldiers in civil wars, armed conflicts and
regional conflicts and in terrorist activities. children
and young people can become subject to physical
and sexual abuse, psychological
problems, addiction and other harmful
consequences.
20. Professional Life
Drug abuse can lead to unexplained absences, depleted sick days and eventually job loss.
The severity of the drug abuse will determine the time line
A further cost of drug abuse that is often cited is the loss in productivity that can occur when
drug users are under the influence of drugs or are experiencing the consequences of their
drug use (e.g., while in treatment, incarceration or hospital). Studies have put the costs of
lost productivity borne by employers at tens of billions of dollars. Costs from labour non-
participation Productivity losses are calculated as work that would be reasonably expected
to have been done if not for drug use (a loss of potential income and output and therefore
GDP) as a result of a reduction in the supply or effectiveness of the workforce. Lost
productivity in the United States as a result of labour non-participation is significant:
While in treatment or when incarcerated, drug users may be unable to participate in
work, education or training, adding to the economic loss, in addition to the cost of treatment
or incarceration. It should be noted that these productivity costs will be lower if job
opportunities are already scarce as a whole increased over the past years
21. Economic and Security
Health care and hospitals
Visits to hospitals in connection with drug abuse are costly to society. Such visits
occur as a result of overdoses, adverse reactions, psychotic episodes and symptoms
of infectious diseases that can be transmitted through, interalia, injecting drug
use, such as hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and other illnesses related to
drug use. Additionally, hospitals often need to treat victims of drug-related crimes and
accidents
A person’s health is greatly affected by drug abuse. Economically, this manifests itself
in prevention and treatment costs, health-care and hospital costs, increased morbidity
and mortality. Costs of drug prevention and treatment phenomenon of drug abuse
requires societies to dedicate resources to evidence-based prevention, education and
interventions, including treatment and rehabilitation. Although such activities can be
resource-intensive, studies have shown that for every $1 spent, good prevention
programmes can save Governments up to $10 in subsequent costs
22. Impact on public safety
Beyond health costs, people under the influence of drugs pose major safety risks and
costs to people around them and the environment. For example, drug-affected driving
accidents have emerged as a major global threat in recent years. Additionally, a
greater awareness of the impacts on the environment of illicit drug
cultivation, production and manufacture has emerged
Drug-affected driving
• abuse of drugs affects perception, attention, cognition, coordination and reaction
time, among other neurological functions, which affect safe driving. Cannabis is the
most prevalent illicit drug detected in drivers in Canada and the United States and
Europe and Oceania. Research has found that habitual cannabis use is linked to a
9.5-fold greater risk of driving accidents, cocaine and benzodiazepines increase the
risk 2-10 times, amphetamines or multiple drug use increase the risk 5-30 times, and
alcohol in combination with drugs increases the risk of getting seriously injured or
killed while driving by a factor of 20-200. •at increased risk also has consequences
for passengers and others on the road, who may become victims of drug-affected
driving.
23. Relationship with crime
A generation of research has defined three major links between drugs and crime. •e .rs
drugs/crime nexus relates to the violence that can be associated with the use of drugs
themselves: psychopharmacological crime.
Crime committed under the influence of drugs is major problem worldwide. Second
drugs/crime link is economic- compulsive crime. •is the result of drug users engaging
in crime to support their drug consumption and addiction.
24. Impact on the environment
illicit manufacture and disposal of drugs and pharmaceuticals cause signi.can
environnemental contamination, owing to the precursor chemicals required for
manufacture, the manufacturing process itself and the active ingredient or substance.
Disposal introduces those substances into the environment in sewage, from where
they can enter sediment, surface and ground water and the tissues of vegetation and
aquatic organisms. As a result, wildlife and humans can be chronically exposed to
very low doses of drugs and the chemicals used in their illicit manufacture. •at results
in costs to individuals and to Governments, as they are responsible for ensuring public
health
25. Low-income populations
Drug abuse and poverty are often linked in multiple
ways. Drug abuse may occur to relieve the stress associated
with poverty, chronic social strain and other difficult events. In poorer
neighborhoods, there is often less access to support systems, health care and
community organizations. Additionally, the relationship between drugs and
poverty can also work in the inverse direction: drug abuse
can deplete users’ income, leading to a lack of care for
family and loved ones and other responsibilities.
26. Drug addiction is a complex disease. It is a chronic, relapsing brain disease and
involves a combination of ecological, physiological and historical factors. It is not
voluntary behavior and is often a fatal illness.
Addiction treatment and rehabilitation in Kenya is largely a private sector and NGO
affair dating back to 1978. Treatment and rehabilitation centers are few, operate in a
policy vacuum and are expensive for the majority of Kenyans. The development of the
National Standards by NACADA and stakeholders, training of professionals on
treatment and counseling and developing the credentialing system for addiction
professionals are milestones in treatment and rehabilitation.
Treatment services and opportunities may include detoxification, substitution or
maintenance therapy and/or psychosocial therapies and counseling.
Remember,
No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals
Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just
his/her drug use
Treatment must address medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal
problem
TREATMENT
27. Medical Detoxification
Detoxification safely manages the physical symptoms of withdrawal and any symptoms of
psychiatric and emotional disorders. It is only the first stage of addiction treatment. Alone, it does
little to change long-term drug use. The Focus on stabilization and takes a couple of
days, usually 3 to 10
Rehabilitation
Refers to the process by which a person presenting with a substance related problem
achieves an optimal state of health psychological functioning and social well being devoid of
substance abuse.
The process may also be rehabilitation depending on clients needs.
Typically follows detoxification and, if required, other medical and psychiatric treatment
occurs.
It encompasses a variety of approaches which may include psycho education ,group
therapy, family therapy, specific behavior therapies to prevent relapse, involvement with a
self-help group, residence in a therapeutic community or halfway house, vocational and
survival skills training. There is an expectation of social reintegration into the wider
community.
The approaches used often depend on the model used.
Medications for drug addiction
Buprenorphine
Methadone
Naltrexone
Antabuse/ disulfiram
Nicotine Replacement
Patches
Gum
28.
29. Aftercare
A broad range of community-based service supports designed to
maintain benefits when structured treatment has been completed.
It may involve a continuation of individual or group counseling and other
supports, but usually at a lower intensity and often by other agencies.
Self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics
Anonymous are important providers of aftercare services
30. Jane story
Heroin cut me off from the rest of the world. My parents kicked me out. My friends
and my brothers didn’t want to see me anymore. I was all alone. From the day I
started using, I never stopped. Within one week I had gone from snorting heroin to
shooting it. Within one month I was addicted and going through all my money. I
sold everything of value that I owned and eventually everything that my mother
owned. Within one year, I had lost everything. I sold my car, lost my job, was
kicked out of my mother’s house, debt, and living on the streets. I lied, I stole, I
cheated.
I was raped, beaten, mugged, robbed, arrested, homeless, sick and desperate. I
knew that nobody could sustain a lifestyle like that very long and I knew that death
was imminent. If anything, death was better than a life as a junkie. Drugs equal
death. If you do nothing to get out, you end up dying. To be a drug addict is to be
imprisoned. In the beginning, you think drugs are your friend (they may seem to
help you escape the things or feelings that bother you). But soon, you will find you
get up in the morning thinking only about drugs.Your whole day is spent finding or
taking drugs. You get high all afternoon. At night, you put yourself to sleep with
heroin. And you live only for that. You are in a prison. You beat your head against
a wall, nonstop, but you don’t get anywhere. In the end, your prison becomes your
tomb.
31. My brother's addiction
My older brother is 19 and has been using since he was in high school. I always knew
about it, but was too afraid to say anything to my parents about it (i was in middle school at
the time).
In the past year it has gotten a lot worse. He has switched from marijuana to other drugs
like Oxycontin. My parents eventually found out and tried to get him to go to rehab, which
lasted about 3 days.
The only friends that he has are drug addicts too, and this past month his friend died from
an overdose. A week after that, he was high on some sort of pain killer that I have never
heard of before and crashed his car into a street lamp.
It did a lot of damage and he would have been dead if he had not been wearing his seat
belt. Whenever I saw him at the hospital, he finally broke down and promised that he would
stop.
He didn't stop and now he has dropped out of college with no job. He has tried stealing my
mothers jewelry for money. My mom tells me how its driving a wedge in her marriage with
my dad, because she wants to kick him out and my dad won't let her.
She has also become depressed trying to hold all of her feelings inside and needs to start
talking to a therapist. What really scares me the most is that i have a younger brother who I
see going down the same path.
I have really distanced myself from my older brother and we don't have a close relationship
at all, but I wonder if telling him everything that he is doing to our family would make him
stop (I have actually never spoken a word to him about his addiction).
I could really use some advice on what to do about him, my younger brother, mom or
anything! My family sometimes pretends like there isn't a problem and I don't really have
anyone to talk to about this.