Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotion, perception and behavior. It is the most common psychotic disorder and accounts for 50% of mental hospital beds. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior. Schizophrenia can be positive or negative types and includes subtypes like paranoid, catatonic and undifferentiated. Treatment involves long-term antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy, with the goal of improving symptoms and functioning, though a full cure is often not possible. Nurses play an important role in meeting patients' physical, emotional and therapeutic needs through care, communication, activities and support.

3.  Schizophrenia is defined as a functional psychosis,
Characterized by disturbance in thinking , emotion,
volition and perception. Finally it leads on to personality
deterioration.
 Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder. It is the most
common of the psychotic disorders. It has been
estimated that 50% of all mental hospital beds are
occupied by pts diagnosed as schizophrenia.

4.  The illness occurs in a state of clear consciousness.
Unlike many psychological disorders,
schizophrenia often incapacitates a person.
 People suffering from schizophrenia display
sudden changes in mood, thought, perception and
overall behavior.
 These changes are often accompanied by
distortions of reality.

5.  It is most likely to be a break in a balance
between biological and psychological and
social factors.
 Schizophrenia can be 02 grouped;
I. Sch (+) ve symptoms
II. Sch (-) ve symptoms

6. 1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Bizarre Behavior
4. Aggression
5. Agitation
6. Suspiciousness
7. Hostility
8. Excitement
9. Grandiosity
10. Conceptual disorganization

7. 1. Apathy
2. Avolition
3. Social Withdrawal
4. Reduced emotional responsiveness
5. Blunted effect
6. Stereotyped thinking
7. Artificial gestures
8. Lack of spontaneity
9. Slow movement
10. Poor memory
11. Lack of Concentration
12. Poor Hygiene

8. 1. Paranoid Schizophrenia
2. Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
3. Catatonic Schizophrenia
4. Simple Schizophrenia
5. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
6. Residual Schizophrenia
7. Unspecified Schizophrenia

9.  This is the most common type of schizophrenia.
 It may develop later in life than other forms.
 Symptoms include hallucinations (most –
Auditory) and delusions ( most- persecutory or
grandiose) together with associated jealousy. (
sexual jealousy)
 Also Anxiety, Anger, Argumentativeness and
Violence.

10.  Also known as disorganized Schizophrenia.
 Age onset 15-25 years.
 Disorganized behavior
 Social impairment
 Hallucination
 Delusions
 Disorganized speech
 Poor premorbid personality
 Emotional blunt
 No facial expression

11.  This is the rarest Schizophrenia.
 Characterized by unusual, limited activities.
 Catatonic stupor or rigidity.
4. SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
 An uncommon disorder.
 Insidious- onset but with progressive
development of odd behavior, wandering
behavior, aimless activities are present.

12.  Prominent psychotic symptoms that cannot be classified in
any category previously.
 Features- more than one
6.RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA
 H/O Schizophrenia at least one episode.
 Only experience the negative symptoms
7. UNSPECIFIED SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Symptoms meet the general conditions for a diagnosis but
do not fit into any of the above categories.

13. GOOD POOR
Later onset Younger onset
Acute onset Insidious onset
Good premorbid social, sexual and
work history
Poor premorbid social, sexual and
work history
Affective symptoms ( sp;
depression)
Withdrawn behavior
Paranoid or Catatonic features Undifferentiated or disorganized
features
Married Single, separate, divorce or
widowed
F/H of mood disorders F/H of schizophrenia
Good Support Systems Poor support systems

14. 20% - 30% Normal lives
20% - 30% Moderate
symptoms
40% - 60% Need

15. 1. Physical method
Anti psychotics
ECT
2. Psychological method
 Hospitalization
 Psychotherapy
 Rehabilitation- Social, Vocational
 Aftercare – Day Rx, Halfway home
 Education about the illness for pt & family

16. 1. Schizophrenia is a chronic illness
-Then maintenance of long term Rx is essential
-Total cure may not be possible in most of the
pts
2. Regular appropriate Rx is needed for good
improvement
3. Sometimes, pt can be relapsed even though
taking regular Rx.

17. 4. A schizophrenia pt,
-Has more requirement
-Needs help from a nurse
-Needs to be assisted to live with the real world
-Needs to human contacts
5. Accept him as he is
6. Pt’s condition can be improved but slowly. Then
nurse should remain with the pt and accepting
him.

18. 7. Assign small responsibilities to the pt.
8. Engage and support the pt.
9. Supervise him in all his needs.
10. Appreciate him even he does a small task.
11. Do not ignore , criticize , argue , over
involvement.

19. Physical
Emotional
Therapeutic

20. 1. Appropriate nutrition
-Regular diet & supervision of his diet.
-Proper nutrition care is essential
-Because some times they have
suspicious Too active
Negligence Too busy
Forget
-Avoid dehydration

21. 2. Taking care of personal hygiene
- regular bath and cleanliness
3. Elimination has to be carefully watched
EMOTIONAL NEEDS
1. Improve communication skills for withdrawn
behavior pt.
-They have poor interpersonal relationship.
Because of less social contact.

22.  Encourage to mix with others. Also nurse
must engage with the pt in some useful
activities.
2. Encourage the relatives and friends to visit
the pt often.
3. Protect the pt’s privacy.

23. Reassurance
Readjustment
Reeducation
Rehabilitation
Recreation