Liver profile

1. Liver profile
Ward 18

2. • Liver function test, also known as liver chemistries, help
determine the health of your liver by measuring the
levels of proteins, liver enzymes and bilirubin in your
blood
• Non invasive methods for screening of liver dysfunction
• Helps to identifying general type of disorders
• Assess severity and allow prediction of outcome
• Disease and treatment follow up

3. Liver profile tests are classified as,
Liver protein test
 Albumin levels
 Globulin levels
 Albumin to globulin ratio
 Prothrombin time
Liver enzyme test
 Alkaline phosphate (ALP)
 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

4.  Help diagnose liver diseases, such as hepatitis
 Monitor treatment of liver disease. These tests can show how
well the treatment is working.
 Check how badly a liver has been damaged or scarred by
disease, such as cirrhosis
 Monitor side effects of certain medicines
PURPOSES

5. INDICATIONS
 Detect presence of liver disease
 Distinguish among different types of liver disorders
 Guess the extent of known liver damage
 Routine checkup
 Drug usage

6. Contraindications
 PT >3sec or prolong or INR>1.3
 Thrombocytopenia PLC<60000
 Presence of grossly dilated bile ducts
 Angiomatous malformation of liver
 Hydatid cysts
 Severe ascites

7. Indications
 If has symptoms of liver disease include,
◦ Jaundice
◦ Nausea and vomiting
◦ Diarrhea
◦ Abdominal pain
◦ Dark-colored urine
◦ Light-colored stool
◦ Fatigue
 Have a family history of liver disease
 Have alcohol use disorder
 Think have been exposed to a hepatitis virus
 Take medicines that may cause liver damage

8. Normal ranges of a liver profile

9. Preparation for a Liver Function Test
 Avoid taking medicines that might affect the test
results.
 Wear a short-sleeve top on the day of the test to
make things faster and easier for the technician
who will be drawing the blood.

11. Equipment needed
 Tray with cover
 Sterile kidney tray
 Plain Test tube (2ml)
 Cotton swabs
 Spirit
 3cc syringe

12. Procedure
 Explain the procedure to the patient
 Ask for the consent
 Clean the skin
 Put a tourniquet above the area to get the veins to swell
with blood
 Insert a needle into a vein.
 Pull the blood sample into a vial or syringe
 Take off the tourniquet and remove the needle from the
vein

13. Potential Risk Of A Liver Function Test
 Blood draws are routine procedures and rarely
cause any serious side effects. However, the risk of
giving a blood sample can include:
◦ Bleeding under the skin or Hematoma
◦ Excessive bleeding
◦ Fainting
◦ Infection

15. Renal profile
 The two kidneys in our body function to filter our blood
and rid our body of impurities, and it is during this
process of filtration that urine is produced. The renal
profile is a test which is designed to assess the
functioning of the kidneys. It helps to understand how
much of toxic substances are being filtered from or
retained in the body.

16.  . It gives an idea about protein leaking
from the body, as well as retention of
toxic substances within the body.
This test includes the levels of Urea,
Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride,
Calcium, Phosphorous and Uric Acid.

17. Why is the renal profile test done
 To assess functional capacity of kidneys
 for early detection of possible renal impairment
 to assess severity and progression of renal impairment
 To monitor the response of treatment of renal impairment

18. How prepare for the renal profile test
 Renal profile requires that, fast (that is not eat or
drink anything, except water) for a period of 8-10
hours before undergo this test.

19. How is renal profile test done
 During this, a Medical Lab Technician will draw out a
small volume of blood, using a needle and syringe which
is inserted into a vein in the arm. This blood sample is
then sent to the lab for analysis.

20. What are the risks to the renal profile
test?
 There is very little risk in undergoing a renal profile test,
because it is a simple blood drawing. Very rarely might
continue to have a mild pain or some swelling at the site
where the needle was inserted, but these symptoms will
resolve on their own within a couple of days.

21. Normal values
 • Urea – 10 to 14 mg/dL
 • Creatinine – 0.6 to 1 mg/dL
 • Sodium – 136 to 145 mmol/L
 • Potassium – 3.5 to 5.1 mmol/L
 • Chloride – 98 to 107 mmol/L
 • Phosphorous – 2.8 to 4.5 mg/dL
 • Uric Acid – 2.4 to 6 mg/dL

22. GFR ( glomerular filtration rate)
 A glomerular filtration rate is a blood test that checks
how kidneys are working. kidneys have tiny
glomeruli.
 These filters help remove waste and excess fluid
from the blood .
 A GFR test estimates how much blood passes
through these filters each minute.

23. What is a healthy GFR range?
 A GFR of 60 or higher is in the normal range .
 A GFR below 60 may mean kidney disease.
 GFR of 15 or lower may mean kidney failure.

25. Nursing responsibilities
 Educate the patient about the procedure ,
including why is being done and how it is done.
 Inform about tests results and give health
education.