The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, joints, and bursae that work together to produce movement and support the body. The 206 human bones form the axial and appendicular skeleton. Common bone disorders include hallux valgus and fractures. Musculoskeletal injuries include contusions, strains, and sprains which are treated with RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation). Diagnostic tests include x-rays, bone scans, and MRIs while treatments focus on realignment, immobilization, and restoring function.
Treatment options for pressure sores include regularly changing position, using special mattresses to reduce pressure, and dressings to help healing. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove dead tissue, close wounds, and speed recovery. Regular repositioning helps relieve pressure and prevent sores from worsening. Specialized dressings, mattresses, antibiotics and debridement can aid the healing process, while surgery risks include infection but can help seal wounds.
at the end of this lecture, the learner will be able to Define the three phases of perioperative nursing.
Identify the members and functions of the surgical team.
Describe the principles of surgical asepsis.
Differentiate the three phases of post-anesthesia care.
Identify measures to manage postoperative complications.
Vivisection should be reduced in medical sciences for several reasons. It causes immense suffering to animals since they have similar nervous systems to humans. Animals are often subjected to the same unnecessary tests repeatedly just to expand research. Vivisection also endangers some species, as animal testing has led to the extinction of at least 500 species and destruction of natural habitats. While animal research has contributed to medical advances, the costs to animal welfare and conservation mean vivisection needs to be reduced.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) involves administering nutrients intravenously to patients who cannot eat. It provides nutrients like glucose, lipids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. TPN is indicated for patients who cannot tolerate enteral nutrition due to issues like intestinal obstruction or who have high metabolic needs from conditions like burns. TPN solution is administered through a central venous catheter using a pump and filter over several hours while monitoring for complications like infection, electrolyte imbalances or changes in blood sugar levels. The rate of TPN must be tapered when transitioning back to oral or tube feeding to prevent rebound low blood sugar.
The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, joints, and bursae that work together to produce movement and support the body. The 206 human bones form the axial and appendicular skeleton. Common bone disorders include hallux valgus and fractures. Musculoskeletal injuries include contusions, strains, and sprains which are treated with RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation). Diagnostic tests include x-rays, bone scans, and MRIs while treatments focus on realignment, immobilization, and restoring function.
Treatment options for pressure sores include regularly changing position, using special mattresses to reduce pressure, and dressings to help healing. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove dead tissue, close wounds, and speed recovery. Regular repositioning helps relieve pressure and prevent sores from worsening. Specialized dressings, mattresses, antibiotics and debridement can aid the healing process, while surgery risks include infection but can help seal wounds.
at the end of this lecture, the learner will be able to Define the three phases of perioperative nursing.
Identify the members and functions of the surgical team.
Describe the principles of surgical asepsis.
Differentiate the three phases of post-anesthesia care.
Identify measures to manage postoperative complications.
Vivisection should be reduced in medical sciences for several reasons. It causes immense suffering to animals since they have similar nervous systems to humans. Animals are often subjected to the same unnecessary tests repeatedly just to expand research. Vivisection also endangers some species, as animal testing has led to the extinction of at least 500 species and destruction of natural habitats. While animal research has contributed to medical advances, the costs to animal welfare and conservation mean vivisection needs to be reduced.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) involves administering nutrients intravenously to patients who cannot eat. It provides nutrients like glucose, lipids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. TPN is indicated for patients who cannot tolerate enteral nutrition due to issues like intestinal obstruction or who have high metabolic needs from conditions like burns. TPN solution is administered through a central venous catheter using a pump and filter over several hours while monitoring for complications like infection, electrolyte imbalances or changes in blood sugar levels. The rate of TPN must be tapered when transitioning back to oral or tube feeding to prevent rebound low blood sugar.
ANTI DEPRESSANT.pptxhhjjhhhhhhgggggggggggggggggggggggggggchamodyaprashani
This document lists different types of antidepressant drugs and their common side effects. It discusses 5 classes of antidepressants: SSRIs (which includes Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, and Sertraline), SNRIs (Venlafaxine), atypical antidepressants (Mirtazapine), tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxepin), and MAOIs (Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid). Common side effects across these drug classes include nausea, headache, sleep disturbances, sexual problems, dry mouth, anxiety, fatigue, and constipation. Tricy
1. The document discusses intellectual and developmental disabilities and provides outdated terminology should no longer be used.
2. It presents a lesson plan on caring for patients with intellectual disabilities, covering definitions, causes, assessments, classifications, and nursing management.
3. Nursing diagnoses for patients with intellectual disabilities include risks for injury, impaired communication, self-care deficits, and caregiver role strain. Nursing management focuses on individualized care, developing skills, and collaborating with family.
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotion, perception and behavior. It is the most common psychotic disorder and accounts for 50% of mental hospital beds. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior. Schizophrenia can be positive or negative types and includes subtypes like paranoid, catatonic and undifferentiated. Treatment involves long-term antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy, with the goal of improving symptoms and functioning, though a full cure is often not possible. Nurses play an important role in meeting patients' physical, emotional and therapeutic needs through care, communication, activities and support.
This document discusses various types of bandaging, splinting, and binders used to immobilize and support injured body parts. It describes different bandaging materials like gauze, muslin, and flannel and different types of bandages including triangular bandages, roller bandages, and tubular bandages. It outlines principles of bandaging like using proper size and material, positioning the patient comfortably, and avoiding pain or discomfort. Techniques for applying different types of roller bandages and fastening methods like knots and pins are also summarized. The document also discusses splinting principles like immobilizing the bone above and below fractures to prevent further damage.
This document discusses care of patients with withdrawn behavior. Withdrawn behavior is defined as physically pulling away from or losing interest in anxiety-producing situations. Signs include decreased communication, isolation, and poor hygiene. Those at risk include younger/older adults and those with mental illnesses or substance abuse. Causes include lack of family support, stigma, and poor medication compliance. Impacts are worse mental/physical health. Nursing goals are to meet physical, psychosocial, recreational and spiritual needs by improving hygiene, socialization, and family support through recreational activities and therapy.
Coronary artery diseases • Dr. Tilak Abeysekara .pptxchamodyaprashani
This document discusses coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. It begins by describing how atherosclerosis develops from early in life, often remaining clinically silent until age 60. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are then outlined, including age, family history, smoking, hypertension, and more. The stages of atherosclerosis and types of coronary heart disease like stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction are defined. Diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention strategies for coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis are explained.
This document discusses demography and population studies. It defines demography as the scientific study of population size, distribution, and composition and how these change over time. Demographers are particularly interested in the three components that affect population change: fertility, mortality, and migration. Demography is interdisciplinary and draws on fields like medicine, economics, and statistics. The document also provides population data for Sri Lanka from 1921 to 2041, showing its growth over time. It discusses sources of demographic data and defines various basic demographic measures like rates, ratios, and proportions.
This document outlines the role and responsibilities of community mental health nurses. It discusses how overcrowding in hospitals and developments in psychotropic drugs led to a shift from institutional to community-based care for psychiatric patients. Community mental health nursing aims to improve patients' quality of life. Nurses work to promote mental health, prevent illness, provide early intervention and rehabilitation. They are responsible for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Their roles include education, medication management, risk assessment, advocacy, and coordinating care across settings to support patients in the community.
This document defines mental health and discusses related concepts. It provides definitions of mental health from the WHO and Karl Menninger. Mental health involves realizing one's abilities, coping with stress, working productively, and contributing to the community. It also requires accepting oneself, relating well to others, and fulfilling life's tasks. The document lists components, indicators, and factors that affect mental health. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and ways to maintain mental health such as socializing, expressing feelings, being active, and managing stress.
3. Caring for the patient undergoing ostomy surgery.pptxchamodyaprashani
The document discusses caring for patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery, including describing the two main types of fecal ostomies (colostomy and ileostomy), characteristics of stomas, pre-operative and post-operative nursing care of patients, potential complications, and education on ostomy management and skin care. Nursing interventions focus on managing nutrition, alleviating anxiety, maintaining skin integrity, and promoting a positive body image and self-care skills through education and support.
A liver profile and renal profile are blood tests that can help evaluate liver and kidney function. A liver profile measures liver enzymes and proteins to detect liver disease, monitor treatment, and check for organ damage. It involves drawing blood to test albumin, globulin, enzymes, and bilirubin levels. Similarly, a renal profile assesses kidney function by measuring waste products and electrolytes in the blood to identify impairment and determine severity. Both tests provide important information with minimal risks from the blood draw.
This document discusses the management of burn injuries. It begins by describing the different types of burns and classifying burns based on their severity. It then outlines the three phases of burn care - resuscitative, acute, and rehabilitation. Specific focus is given to the resuscitative phase, covering initial first aid, assessment, cooling, wound care, fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and monitoring. Nutritional support, wound cleansing, and complications are also discussed. Finally, common nursing diagnoses and interventions for burn patients are provided.
ANTI DEPRESSANT.pptxhhjjhhhhhhgggggggggggggggggggggggggggchamodyaprashani
This document lists different types of antidepressant drugs and their common side effects. It discusses 5 classes of antidepressants: SSRIs (which includes Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, and Sertraline), SNRIs (Venlafaxine), atypical antidepressants (Mirtazapine), tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxepin), and MAOIs (Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid). Common side effects across these drug classes include nausea, headache, sleep disturbances, sexual problems, dry mouth, anxiety, fatigue, and constipation. Tricy
1. The document discusses intellectual and developmental disabilities and provides outdated terminology should no longer be used.
2. It presents a lesson plan on caring for patients with intellectual disabilities, covering definitions, causes, assessments, classifications, and nursing management.
3. Nursing diagnoses for patients with intellectual disabilities include risks for injury, impaired communication, self-care deficits, and caregiver role strain. Nursing management focuses on individualized care, developing skills, and collaborating with family.
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotion, perception and behavior. It is the most common psychotic disorder and accounts for 50% of mental hospital beds. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior. Schizophrenia can be positive or negative types and includes subtypes like paranoid, catatonic and undifferentiated. Treatment involves long-term antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy, with the goal of improving symptoms and functioning, though a full cure is often not possible. Nurses play an important role in meeting patients' physical, emotional and therapeutic needs through care, communication, activities and support.
This document discusses various types of bandaging, splinting, and binders used to immobilize and support injured body parts. It describes different bandaging materials like gauze, muslin, and flannel and different types of bandages including triangular bandages, roller bandages, and tubular bandages. It outlines principles of bandaging like using proper size and material, positioning the patient comfortably, and avoiding pain or discomfort. Techniques for applying different types of roller bandages and fastening methods like knots and pins are also summarized. The document also discusses splinting principles like immobilizing the bone above and below fractures to prevent further damage.
This document discusses care of patients with withdrawn behavior. Withdrawn behavior is defined as physically pulling away from or losing interest in anxiety-producing situations. Signs include decreased communication, isolation, and poor hygiene. Those at risk include younger/older adults and those with mental illnesses or substance abuse. Causes include lack of family support, stigma, and poor medication compliance. Impacts are worse mental/physical health. Nursing goals are to meet physical, psychosocial, recreational and spiritual needs by improving hygiene, socialization, and family support through recreational activities and therapy.
Coronary artery diseases • Dr. Tilak Abeysekara .pptxchamodyaprashani
This document discusses coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. It begins by describing how atherosclerosis develops from early in life, often remaining clinically silent until age 60. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are then outlined, including age, family history, smoking, hypertension, and more. The stages of atherosclerosis and types of coronary heart disease like stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction are defined. Diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention strategies for coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis are explained.
This document discusses demography and population studies. It defines demography as the scientific study of population size, distribution, and composition and how these change over time. Demographers are particularly interested in the three components that affect population change: fertility, mortality, and migration. Demography is interdisciplinary and draws on fields like medicine, economics, and statistics. The document also provides population data for Sri Lanka from 1921 to 2041, showing its growth over time. It discusses sources of demographic data and defines various basic demographic measures like rates, ratios, and proportions.
This document outlines the role and responsibilities of community mental health nurses. It discusses how overcrowding in hospitals and developments in psychotropic drugs led to a shift from institutional to community-based care for psychiatric patients. Community mental health nursing aims to improve patients' quality of life. Nurses work to promote mental health, prevent illness, provide early intervention and rehabilitation. They are responsible for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Their roles include education, medication management, risk assessment, advocacy, and coordinating care across settings to support patients in the community.
This document defines mental health and discusses related concepts. It provides definitions of mental health from the WHO and Karl Menninger. Mental health involves realizing one's abilities, coping with stress, working productively, and contributing to the community. It also requires accepting oneself, relating well to others, and fulfilling life's tasks. The document lists components, indicators, and factors that affect mental health. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and ways to maintain mental health such as socializing, expressing feelings, being active, and managing stress.
3. Caring for the patient undergoing ostomy surgery.pptxchamodyaprashani
The document discusses caring for patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery, including describing the two main types of fecal ostomies (colostomy and ileostomy), characteristics of stomas, pre-operative and post-operative nursing care of patients, potential complications, and education on ostomy management and skin care. Nursing interventions focus on managing nutrition, alleviating anxiety, maintaining skin integrity, and promoting a positive body image and self-care skills through education and support.
A liver profile and renal profile are blood tests that can help evaluate liver and kidney function. A liver profile measures liver enzymes and proteins to detect liver disease, monitor treatment, and check for organ damage. It involves drawing blood to test albumin, globulin, enzymes, and bilirubin levels. Similarly, a renal profile assesses kidney function by measuring waste products and electrolytes in the blood to identify impairment and determine severity. Both tests provide important information with minimal risks from the blood draw.
This document discusses the management of burn injuries. It begins by describing the different types of burns and classifying burns based on their severity. It then outlines the three phases of burn care - resuscitative, acute, and rehabilitation. Specific focus is given to the resuscitative phase, covering initial first aid, assessment, cooling, wound care, fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and monitoring. Nutritional support, wound cleansing, and complications are also discussed. Finally, common nursing diagnoses and interventions for burn patients are provided.
